IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation最新文献_第6页

Design of mmWave Broadband Rotary Joint and 360° Beam-Steering Rotenna Based on Gap Waveguide Technology 基于间隙波导技术的毫米波宽带旋转接头和360°波束导向Rotenna设计

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3552222

Ali Farahbakhsh;Davood Zarifi;Michal Mrozowski

{"title":"Design of mmWave Broadband Rotary Joint and 360° Beam-Steering Rotenna Based on Gap Waveguide Technology","authors":"Ali Farahbakhsh;Davood Zarifi;Michal Mrozowski","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3552222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3552222","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the design and fabrication of a groove gap waveguide-based rotary joint and a rotenna (rotary antenna) with 360° mechanical beam steering for wideband millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications. The proposed rotary joint incorporates two WR-22 to groove gap waveguide transitions, connected back-to-back with an innovative transformer. A key advantage of gap waveguide technology is its ability to operate without physical contact between the rotary joint’s components, allowing the rotor to rotate freely near the stator with an air gap, while wave leakage is suppressed. By replacing common coaxial connectors with standard waveguide flanges and introducing a novel transformer between the rotor and stator, we have successfully developed a wideband rotary joint suitable for mmWaves. To demonstrate the practical applicability of this concept, we designed a rotenna with 360° mechanical beam steering. This design addresses the common limitations of electronically steerable antennas, such as limited steering range, gain degradation, and high cost and complexity. To validate the concept, the prototypes of the proposed rotary joint and rotenna were fabricated and measured. The measured and simulated results show good agreement. The rotary joint exhibits a 44.4% fractional bandwidth over the frequency range of 35–55 GHz with an insertion loss below 0.68 dB. Additionally, the engineered rotenna demonstrates a peak realized gain of 13 dBi with no scan loss over the full 360° steering range.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 7","pages":"4373-4383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Wideband Beam-Scanning Reflectarray Based on the 1-bit Tightly Coupled Unit Cell 基于1位紧耦合单元的宽带波束扫描反射阵

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3552235

Wenting Li;Zhikang Ai;Yejun He;Chong Zhang;Yao Gao;Ruiyang Li;Steven Gao

引用次数: 0

Mode Analysis of Dielectric Resonator Antenna Based on Multipole Moment Expansion Theory 基于多极矩展开理论的介质谐振器天线模态分析

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3552238

Jian Ren;Wen Li;Yan-Ting Liu;Yingzeng Yin

引用次数: 0

Machine Learning-Based Design Scheme for Multifunctional Antenna Arrays With Reconfigurable Scattering Patterns 基于机器学习的可重构散射模式多功能天线阵列设计方案

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3552213

Yan-Fang Liu;Li-Ye Xiao;Qing Huo Liu

{"title":"Machine Learning-Based Design Scheme for Multifunctional Antenna Arrays With Reconfigurable Scattering Patterns","authors":"Yan-Fang Liu;Li-Ye Xiao;Qing Huo Liu","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3552213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3552213","url":null,"abstract":"A machine learning-based multifunctional antenna array design scheme (ML-MAADS), including a structure design module and a scattering beam steering module, is proposed for the multifunctional antenna array with reconfigurable scattering patterns in this work. The structure design module enables the rapid structure codesign of radiation and scattering for the reconfigurable array element, while the scattering beam steering module facilitates the near real-time beam steering for reconfigurable scattering patterns. To validate the ML-MAADS, a reconfigurable antenna element integrated with two positive-intrinsic-negative (p-i-n) diodes is designed using the structure design module, to construct a multifunctional antenna array. The antenna array serves three functions. First, it enables y-polarized ±60° radiation beam scanning, acting as a phased array; second, it exhibits low-scattering performance under x-polarized incident wave; third, it supports reconfigurable scattering pattern in the x-polarization, functioning as a programmable coding reflected metasurface. Benefiting from the structure design, the reconfigurable scattering characteristics do not affect the antenna’s radiation, thus enabling simultaneous operation in both radiation and scattering functions. Following the structure design, the scattering beam steering module is employed to achieve real-time beam steering (including single, dual, and vortex beams) for a reconfigurable scattering pattern, with the prediction accuracy exceeding 93%. The ML-MAADS provides designers with a promising comprehensive solution for complex multifunctional antenna synthesis in the future.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 7","pages":"4535-4548"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Efficient Multibeamforming Method Based on 1-bit Phase Modulation for Time-Modulated Arrays 基于1位相位调制的时调制阵列多波束形成方法

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3551614

Yunying Man;Peng Yang;Lu Yin;Hao Yang;Yingwei Zhao;Zewei Wu;Youlei Pu;Zhijin Wen;Yong Luo

{"title":"An Efficient Multibeamforming Method Based on 1-bit Phase Modulation for Time-Modulated Arrays","authors":"Yunying Man;Peng Yang;Lu Yin;Hao Yang;Yingwei Zhao;Zewei Wu;Youlei Pu;Zhijin Wen;Yong Luo","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3551614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3551614","url":null,"abstract":"By using sideband signals of time-modulated arrays (TMAs), we can realize a variety of applications, including simultaneous multibeamforming and direction of arrival (DoA) estimation. However, the realization of multibeamforming with TMAs based on amplitude modulation (AM) waveform has some disadvantages. First, this method, which is based on AM waveform, results in a significant reduction in array efficiency as the number of antennas increases. Moreover, only one antenna works at a time, thus the instantaneous power is very small. In this article, a new waveform based on phase modulation (PM) is proposed to realize multibeamforming, which ensures that each antenna is always active. As a consequence, instantaneous power is improved and the theoretical value of feeding network efficiency can reach 100%, which is independent of the number of antennas. In addition, the modulated waveform proposed in this article can be optimized by genetic algorithm (GA), which further improves harmonic efficiency. As a result, this method can efficiently enhance array efficiency while reducing hardware complexity and expense. Both numerical simulation and experiment show that the proposed method is effective.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 6","pages":"3654-3665"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of High-Efficiency Transmitarray With Beam-Steering and Low-Scattering Characteristic 具有波束导向和低散射特性的高效发射阵列设计

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3551616

Shaozhi Wang;Zihao Zheng;Weiwei Wu;Yuhong Ma;Jingjian Huang;Qingzhan Shi;Naichang Yuan

{"title":"Design of High-Efficiency Transmitarray With Beam-Steering and Low-Scattering Characteristic","authors":"Shaozhi Wang;Zihao Zheng;Weiwei Wu;Yuhong Ma;Jingjian Huang;Qingzhan Shi;Naichang Yuan","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3551616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3551616","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a hybrid design method for high-efficiency absorbing reconfigurable transmitarray (ARTA). By cascading an absorbing layer with a 2-bit reconfigurable layer, the transmission unitcells can realize the frequency response characteristic of an absorbing-transmissive–absorbing (A-T-A). Specifically, the frequencies with an absorption rate exceeding 80% are within the ranges of 3.3–5.1 and 7.8–9.4 GHz, while the frequency range with transmission exceeding –3 dB spans from 5.69 to 5.92 GHz. Meanwhile, the transmission phase can be adjusted among four states: 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, enabling beam steering of ARTA. Compared to designs for nonreconfigurable transmissive arrays, our design methodology necessitates the satisfaction of absorbing performance under different phase states. For validation, a prototype sample, comprising a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$12 times 12$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array structured with five metallic layers and four dielectric layers, sandwiching an air layer in between, has been fabricated and tested. The measurement results demonstrated high radiation performance with a peak gain of 21.6 dB and aperture efficiency of 33.3% at 5.85 GHz. The BW-1 and BW-3 dB were 0.2 and 0.6 GHz, respectively. <inline-formula> <tex-math>$pm 60^{circ }~2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>D-scanning was achievable and when the beam is directed at 0°, the sidelobe levels (SLLs) in the E-plane and H-plane are –17.3 and –18 dB, respectively. Under normal incidence of an x-polarized wave, the –8 dB monostatic RCS reduction bandwidths covered 32.1% (3.4–4.7 GHz) for lower band and 10% (8.5–9.4 GHz) for upper band. The ARTA by this hybrid design methodology represents an attractive solution for addressing electromagnetic compatibility issues and for low-detectability applications.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 7","pages":"4521-4534"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Dual-Polarized Fixed-Frequency Beam-Scanning Leaky Wave Antenna for 5 G Millimeter-Wave Applications 用于5g毫米波应用的双极化固定频率波束扫描漏波天线

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3550719

Bang Wei;Zheng Li;Zhe Xiong;Yi Zhao;Meie Chen;Junhong Wang

{"title":"A Dual-Polarized Fixed-Frequency Beam-Scanning Leaky Wave Antenna for 5 G Millimeter-Wave Applications","authors":"Bang Wei;Zheng Li;Zhe Xiong;Yi Zhao;Meie Chen;Junhong Wang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3550719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3550719","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a dual-polarized (DP) fixed-frequency beam-scanning leaky wave antenna (LWA) is presented. Operating from 24.5 to 27.5 GHz, the LWA consists of a vertically polarized (VP) patch array, a horizontally polarized (HP) printed dipole array, and a dual-channel gap waveguide (GW) that provides traveling-wave excitation. The VP patch array, located at the center of the antenna aperture, contains 80 slot-excited patches. The HP dipole array is divided into two subarrays distributed on both sides of the antenna aperture and is excited by slot-coupled microstrip lines. The VP and HP arrays are independent, enabling simultaneous control of both polarization beams. Due to the low profile of the printed dipole, the radiation aperture of the antenna can be fully utilized, providing the ability to expand in two dimensions. To achieve fixed-frequency beam scanning, each antenna unit has a 1-bit amplitude modulation capability, realized by electrically controlling the p-i-n diode. A dual-channel GW capable of transmitting both TE<sub>01</sub> and TE<sub>10</sub> modes is designed, and the stacked architecture makes it suitable for a compact DP antenna. A holographic method is employed to realize the beam scanning. Simulated and measured results verify that the proposed antenna can achieve fixed-frequency, wide-angle, and quasi-continuous beam scanning.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 6","pages":"3666-3679"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nonorthogonal Polarized MIMO Antenna for Simultaneous Transmit and Receive in Wi-Fi-Based Integrated Sensing and Communication 基于wi - fi的集成传感与通信中同时收发的非正交极化MIMO天线

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3550436

Ying Ma;Tianwei Deng;Peiqin Liu;Xiao Xu;Zhi Ning Chen

{"title":"Nonorthogonal Polarized MIMO Antenna for Simultaneous Transmit and Receive in Wi-Fi-Based Integrated Sensing and Communication","authors":"Ying Ma;Tianwei Deng;Peiqin Liu;Xiao Xu;Zhi Ning Chen","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3550436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3550436","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneously suppressing self-interference (SI), crosstalk interference (XI), and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) interference over a wideband presents significant challenges in a simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) MIMO antenna. This article presents a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> STAR MIMO antenna that utilizes a usual stacked patch array while effectively suppressing all three types of interferences throughout the 5-GHz Wi-Fi spectrum. Moreover, these interference suppressions are accomplished when the TX-RX polarization of this antenna is nonorthogonal within one channel and between channels at the same time. In this work, a circularly polarization-linearly polarization (CP-LP) scheme with a broadband coupling adjustment (BCA) approach is proposed to minimize SI by producing wideband cancellation between residual TX-to-RX couplings. Metal walls with slot structures on the ground were designed to prevent interferences between channels while preserving antenna impedance matching. A prototype of the nonorthogonal polarized STAR MIMO antenna was constructed, showing good agreement between simulation and measurement. At <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.1sim 5.85$ </tex-math></inline-formula> GHz, it simultaneously suppresses all three interferences below –40 dB, with peak gains exceeding 7 dBic for TX and 8.7 dBi for RX, making this antenna promising for Wi-Fi-based integrated sensing and communication (ISAC).","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 7","pages":"4349-4360"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Shared-Aperture Vivaldi MIMO Antenna With Linear-to-Circular Polarizer for 5G and 6G Communication 面向5G和6G通信的双频圆极化共孔径维瓦尔第MIMO天线

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3550327

Ruiqi Wang;Muhammad Ikram;Yiyang Yu;Haoran Zhang;Atif Shamim

{"title":"Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Shared-Aperture Vivaldi MIMO Antenna With Linear-to-Circular Polarizer for 5G and 6G Communication","authors":"Ruiqi Wang;Muhammad Ikram;Yiyang Yu;Haoran Zhang;Atif Shamim","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3550327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3550327","url":null,"abstract":"The upcoming sixth-generation (6G) communication system is set to operate in the sub-THz band, which could provide substantially higher communication capacity. Meanwhile, the fifth-generation (5G) systems have already started to operate in the millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) bands. Therefore, dual-band antennas, which can operate for both 5G and 6G bands simultaneously, with circularly polarized (CP) radiation, are attractive for future wireless communication. However, achieving dual-band CP radiations, at frequencies as high as 100 GHz, is quite challenging. In this work, a novel dual-band, CP, eight-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented. The proposed CP MIMO configuration comprises an orthogonally placed four-element shared-aperture Vivaldi antenna and a linear-to-dual-circular polarization (LDCP) converter, operating at the frequencies of 40 GHz (5G mm-Wave band) and 110 GHz (6G sub-THz band). The shared-aperture Vivaldi antenna, proposed as the excitation source for the LDCP converter, demonstrates high gain, compact size, and endfire linearly polarized (LP) radiation for dual-wideband operation (5G/6G). The designed dual-band LDCP converter has a compact unit cell size (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.16lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 40 GHz) and works for both horizontal and vertical polarizations. The fabricated prototype demonstrates a measured left-hand circular polarized (LHCP) bandwidth (BW) from 39 to 45 GHz (14.2%) for the 5G band and a right-hand circular polarized (RHCP) BW from 98 to 110 GHz (11.5%) for the 6G band. For the first time, we demonstrate a dual-band, dual-CP eight-port MIMO antenna with polarization (LHCP/RHCP) and spatial (30° incidence angle difference) diversity at the 5G/6G bands, making it a suitable candidate for future integrated 5G/6G communication systems.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 7","pages":"4300-4310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Single-Layer Rectenna Array With Integrated Matching Circuit for Wireless Power Transfer 带集成匹配电路的单层整流天线阵列无线电力传输

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2025.3550326

Fei Cheng;Huai-Yu Wang;Wang Ni;Xing Chen;Yang Yang;Kama Huang

{"title":"Single-Layer Rectenna Array With Integrated Matching Circuit for Wireless Power Transfer","authors":"Fei Cheng;Huai-Yu Wang;Wang Ni;Xing Chen;Yang Yang;Kama Huang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3550326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3550326","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports an efficient single-layer rectenna array at 5.8 GHz. The patch antenna is directly matched to the Schottky diode impedance by a high impedance transmission line without extra matching circuit. By controlling the width and length as well as position of the transmission line, good conjugate matching can be achieved. Not only the size, but also the insertion loss of the matching circuit can be reduced. And each patch is connected to 4 Schottky diodes to enhance the power handling capability which is attractive in the long-distance high power wireless power transfer (WPT). The dc power combining circuit is connected to the patch at the center of the short edge where dc current can pass and the RF current is zero. The whole rectenna array only has one layer which makes it has lower cost compared with its multi-layer counterparts. To verify, a rectenna element is studied first. The single element rectenna achieves 73.1% RF-to-dc power conversion efficiency (PCE) at 5.8 GHz. When the array is loaded with <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.5~Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$6times 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> rectenna array produces 2.34 W of dc output power with an RF-to-dc conversion efficiency of 69.4% and an incident power density of 9.37 mW/cm2. Moreover, a method to calculate the output dc power changing with the incident angle of the incident waves is provided, and the calculated results agree well with the measured results.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 7","pages":"4466-4475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0