IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation最新文献_第10页

GO/PO With Surface Susceptibility Model for Multiple Scattering Analysis of Targets Involving Metasurfaces

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3511259

Xiao Jia;Xiaotian Pan;Xunwang Dang;Kun Liang;Mingjiang Wang

{"title":"GO/PO With Surface Susceptibility Model for Multiple Scattering Analysis of Targets Involving Metasurfaces","authors":"Xiao Jia;Xiaotian Pan;Xunwang Dang;Kun Liang;Mingjiang Wang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3511259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3511259","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces an approach to analyzing multiple scattering of targets involving realistic metasurfaces. The method utilizes the surface susceptibility model (SSM), a parametric model of metasurfaces, in conjunction with geometrical optics (GO) and physical optics (PO). The study showcases that through the utilization of this technique, targets comprised of metasurfaces can be accurately and efficiently analyzed on standard computers. This level of precision and efficiency is challenging to achieve with traditional GO/PO and brute-force analysis methods, making this approach particularly beneficial for large systems where metasurfaces are a component of the scattering analysis. To test the accuracy, flexibility, and performance in scenarios involving multiscattering, a uniform array, a gradient array, and a dihedral corner reflector constructed from two metasurface arrays are evaluated. The results are validated using commercial software for both the s (or TE) and p (or TM) polarization, confirming the high efficiency and flexibility of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 1","pages":"671-676"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of Higher-Order CPML Boundary Conditions for the Leapfrog WCS-FDTD Method

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3511273

Ankit Kumar Pandey;Alok Kumar Saxena

引用次数: 0

General Optimized Design of the E-Plane Waveguide Butler Matrix With Non-2n Beams Based on the FFT

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3511933

Bin-Yu Han;Xiang-Yun Chen;Jin-Dong Zhang;Wen Wu;Jing-Yi Zhang;Da-Gang Fang

{"title":"General Optimized Design of the E-Plane Waveguide Butler Matrix With Non-2n Beams Based on the FFT","authors":"Bin-Yu Han;Xiang-Yun Chen;Jin-Dong Zhang;Wen Wu;Jing-Yi Zhang;Da-Gang Fang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3511933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3511933","url":null,"abstract":"The Butler matrix is a well-known beamforming network (BFN) for antenna arrays that can achieve multiorthogonal beams with the number of ports typically limited to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2^{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Current methods to achieve non-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2^{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ports are mainly based on additional power distribution networks or modifications of the directional coupler, resulting in larger sizes and higher insertion loss. This article presents a generalized design procedure of the Butler matrix with arbitrary positive integer beams, including arbitrary non-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2^{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> beams, based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. By making the transmission matrix of the Butler matrix equal to the target matrix, the parameters of each device in the network structure can be determined. Thanks to the feature of the FFT, the proposed Butler matrix structure is compact, and the design procedure is general. The design procedure of Butler matrices for <inline-formula> <tex-math>$N = 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, 6, and 7 is presented as examples. To show the effectiveness of the proposed procedure, a prototype of the Butler matrix operating at the Ku-band is designed and fabricated to feed an array. The E-plane waveguide feed network is used to achieve low insertion loss and small size. The measured S-parameters are better than −10 dB, the insertion loss is less than 1.2 dB, the phase imbalance is ±8.3°, and the steering angles are 0°, ±22°, and ±46°, respectively. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 3","pages":"1461-1470"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Near-Field Super-Resolution Network for Accelerating Antenna Characterization

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3511040

Yuchen Gu;Hai-Han Sun;Daniel W. van der Weide

{"title":"A Near-Field Super-Resolution Network for Accelerating Antenna Characterization","authors":"Yuchen Gu;Hai-Han Sun;Daniel W. van der Weide","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3511040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3511040","url":null,"abstract":"We present a deep-neural-network-enabled method to accelerate near-field (NF) antenna measurement. Coupled with a large synthetic dataset of antenna field maps and novel magnitude and phase loss functions, we develop an NF super-resolution network (NFS-Net) to reconstruct significantly undersampled NF data into high-resolution data. This approach considerably reduces the number of sampling points required for NF measurement and thus improves measurement efficiency. The high-resolution NF data reconstructed by the network are further processed by a near-field-to-far-field (NF2FF) transformation to obtain far-field (FF) antenna radiation patterns. Our experiments demonstrate that the NFS-Net exhibits both accuracy and generalizability in restoring high-resolution NF data from low-resolution input. The NF measurement workflow that combines the NFS-Net and the NF2FF algorithm enables accurate radiation pattern characterization with only 11% of the Nyquist rate samples. Though the experiments in this study are conducted on a planar setup with a uniform grid, the proposed method can serve as a universal strategy to accelerate measurements under different setups and conditions.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 3","pages":"1732-1742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pulsewidth-Modulated Timed Array for Independently Controllable Harmonic Beams in Multiuser Wireless Scenario 多用户无线环境中独立可控谐波波束脉宽调制定时阵列

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3508874

K. S. Arjun;V. Prahannathan;R. Gopika;Chinmoy Saha

{"title":"Pulsewidth-Modulated Timed Array for Independently Controllable Harmonic Beams in Multiuser Wireless Scenario","authors":"K. S. Arjun;V. Prahannathan;R. Gopika;Chinmoy Saha","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3508874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3508874","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a novel time modulated array (TMA) or timed array, which can be a potential candidate for enabling versatile, multiuser heterogeneous wireless systems, with each user uniquely powered by a switching harmonic frequency. In the proposed timed array, each switch at the antenna element feed is controlled with a pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) signal, carrying the phase information of a triangular wave and a reference signal. This PWM timed array architecture offers precise control of the number of radiated harmonics, independent steering of individual beams, and radiated beam power levels. The user-definable beam steering makes the system an efficient candidate for dynamic multiuser applications demanding stringent scanning capabilities. The proposed timed array is experimentally validated using a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1 times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> microstrip antenna array at 2.4 GHz with a PWM control signal generated by a PYNQ-Z2 field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The effect of PWM signal waveform and a systematic design methodology to achieve desired harmonics, beam direction, and power level are systematically presented in this article. Furthermore, the RF switching speed constraints and effects on PWM timed array architecture are discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 1","pages":"279-292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beam-Switchable Digital Conformal Array With Metasurface Phase Compensation

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3508138

Zhan Wang;Yuerong Liu;Yuandan Dong

{"title":"Beam-Switchable Digital Conformal Array With Metasurface Phase Compensation","authors":"Zhan Wang;Yuerong Liu;Yuandan Dong","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3508138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3508138","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a novel digitally reconfigurable conformal array using the multimode control and metasurface phase compensation. The digital conformal array consists of a 1-bit multimode radiator, metasurfaces, and switch designs. By manipulating the field distributions of the transmission line (TL), a miniaturized multimode radiator is explored. Next, a low-cost 1-bit planar digital array without any feeding networks is proposed by coding the 0°/180° phase states of each mode/element. To match the circular/cylindrical/spherical scenarios, the planar digital array evolves into a conformal format. Here, to further lower the complexity and cost, the spatial phase difference of the digital conformal array is cleverly compensated by utilizing a metasurface layer rather than conventional phase-delay-line designs. By controlling the 1-bit phase states of each element, the radiation aperture of the digital conformal array is represented as a “0/1” binary sequence, which leads to an RIS-like multibeam switching capability. Moreover, by introducing the initial phase, a new 1-bit digital array with a single-beam steering capability is extended to further explore its application potential. To validate the concept, a four-element 1-bit digital conformal array was fabricated and measured. The digital conformal array could achieve a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 4.74–5.12 GHz (7.7%) and a peak gain of 11.0 dBi, which makes it a good candidate for intelligent wireless communication and detection applications.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 3","pages":"1523-1536"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Single-Beam-Scanning 1-bit Metasurface With Dual Circular Polarization Based on Hybrid Coding Mechanism

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3507617

Weiran Li;Xiaoyi Wang;Yan Wang;Na Yan;Guo-Min Yang;Ya-Qiu Jin

{"title":"Single-Beam-Scanning 1-bit Metasurface With Dual Circular Polarization Based on Hybrid Coding Mechanism","authors":"Weiran Li;Xiaoyi Wang;Yan Wang;Na Yan;Guo-Min Yang;Ya-Qiu Jin","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3507617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3507617","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a single-beam-scanning metasurface with dual circular polarization (CP) using hybrid coding mechanism is presented, which can steer the scattered wave in a large range of angles under the planar incident wave. In order to suppress the grating lobes generated by periodic 1-bit phase quantization errors, elaborately designed 2-D fixed phase delays (FPDs) are introduced. The 1-bit active coding is designed based on the current reversal method, which realizes two states with 180° phase difference over the frequency range of 8.5–11 GHz by switching two p-i-n diodes for both left-handed CP (LHCP) and right-handed CP (RHCP) incidence. The passive coding is realized by rotating the metasurface unit cell based on the Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) phase principle to introduce the 2-D FPD. The proposed design mechanism is theoretically analyzed, full-wave simulated, and demonstrated by experiment. An <inline-formula> <tex-math>$8times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> metasurface prototype is fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that steered beams from −30° to +30° without grating lobes in both <inline-formula> <tex-math>$xotextit {z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$yotextit {z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> planes can be obtained around 9.5 GHz. The sidelobe level (SLL) can be minimized to −8.87 dB, and the beam pointing deviation is within 3°.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 3","pages":"1608-1617"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Passive Channel Sounding, Modeling, and Emulation for Achieving Virtual Drive Testing of MIMO-Capable Radios

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3508092

Hao Sun;Lei Li;Yani Chi;Wei Fan

{"title":"Passive Channel Sounding, Modeling, and Emulation for Achieving Virtual Drive Testing of MIMO-Capable Radios","authors":"Hao Sun;Lei Li;Yani Chi;Wei Fan","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3508092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3508092","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual drive test (VDT) has emerged as a promising solution for evaluating performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-capable radios under realistic conditions. However, acquiring radio channels in practical deployment scenarios and replaying recorded channels in the laboratory setup, which is the essence for the VDT framework, still present significant challenges. Passive channel sounding, which can capture radio channels in the live cellular network, becomes a promising strategy. However, channel modeling and emulation based on data collected in passive channel-sounding campaign have not been well addressed in the state-of-art. In this work, we propose a novel channel modeling and emulation framework for the recorded channel data by the passive channel sounder, to achieve the VDT purpose. To demonstrate our proposed framework, a channel measurement campaign was conducted in the fifth-generation (5G) commercial network based on the home-developed passive channel sounder. The estimated multipath components based on the recorded channel data demonstrate that the base station (BS) beamforming can significantly impact the radio channels. The performance of different commercial user equipment (UE) is then evaluated under the recorded and emulated radio channels in the laboratory setup, where different figures-of-metrics (FoMs), including reference signal receiving power (RSRP), modulation and coding scheme (MCS), and throughput, were thoroughly analyzed. The experimental results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed VDT framework in the laboratory setup.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 3","pages":"1777-1791"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measurement-Based Multiband Clutter Loss Modeling for Nonterrestrial Networks

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3508083

Yuning Yu;Cen Ling;Aoran Liu;José Rodríguez-Piñeiro;Bolun Guo;Xuefeng Yin

引用次数: 0

A Low-Profile Programmable Metasurface Antenna for Harmonic Modulation and Wireless Communication Applications

IF 4.6 1区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3508062

Huiming Yao;Hairong Zheng;Bo Li;Zidong Zhang;Jianchun Xu;Song Gao;Yunsheng Guo;Ke Bi

{"title":"A Low-Profile Programmable Metasurface Antenna for Harmonic Modulation and Wireless Communication Applications","authors":"Huiming Yao;Hairong Zheng;Bo Li;Zidong Zhang;Jianchun Xu;Song Gao;Yunsheng Guo;Ke Bi","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3508062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3508062","url":null,"abstract":"The dependency on feed horn of the metasurface leads to an increased physical profile and energy dissipation, posing challenges to system miniaturization and integration. To tackle this problem, a metasurface antenna with a low profile, fast programmability, and flexible wavefront reconfiguration capability is proposed. By integrating the transmissive metasurface with a planar array antenna, a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4.64lambda _{0} times 4.64lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> antenna operating over 5.77–5.83 GHz is realized with a thickness of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.54lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The planar feeding design reduces the total antenna height by approximately 99% compared to the conventional programmable metasurface. The experimental results have demonstrated that the presented antenna can achieve ±60° beam steering. In addition, a simple antenna-based wireless communication platform is established, allowing for direct nonlinear harmonic modulation and information transmission without mixing devices. The proposed programmable metasurface antenna opens a new avenue to advance compact and efficient applications across diverse fields, including satellite communications, IoT devices, and smart city infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 3","pages":"1406-1413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0