IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation最新文献

{"title":"A Dual-Polarimetric High Range Resolution Profile Modulation Method Based on Time-Modulated APCM","authors":"Ran Sui;Junjie Wang;Guang Sun;Zhiming Xu;Dejun Feng","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3526901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3526901","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of electromagnetic (EM) metasurfaces has significantly advanced the free manipulation of EM waves. Furthermore, the harmonic phenomena based on time-modulated metasurfaces (TMMs) have received much attention in communication and radar detection applications, which can reduce the efficiency of radar target detection. However, the existing research on time-varying metasurface has neglected its potential to manipulate the scattering characteristics of polarized radar targets. When a linear polarization wave is incident on a metasurface, it will be reflected into two orthogonal polarization states of EM waves, thus directly affecting the polarized scattering of the target. Active polarization conversion metasurfaces (APCMs) can manipulate the polarization of EM waves, aligning well with polarimetric radar. In this work, a dual-polarization radar target feature manipulation (Pol-TFM) method based on APCM is proposed, which enables manipulation of the harmonic and energy distribution of radar echo signals in multiple polarization channels. Through this processing, virtual targets generated by harmonic effects become observable on the dual-polarized high-resolution range profile (HRRP). This method also allows for the position manipulation of the virtual targets. Finally, echo signal experiments are conducted in dual-polarimetric channels to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"1007-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency Beamforming-Enhanced DBIM for Limited-Aperture Quantitative Imaging","authors":"Scott J. Ziegler;Matthew J. Burfeindt","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3526904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3526904","url":null,"abstract":"The distorted Born iterative method (DBIM) is a technique for reconstructing a dielectric profile from scattered electric fields. The potential for effective imaging with DBIM has been demonstrated for a variety of applications. However, it is more challenging to reliably produce high-fidelity imagery when the aperture formed by the sensors does not fully surround the region of interest and when data is collected over a narrow bandwidth. To address this challenge, we propose a beamforming enhancement to DBIM for limited-aperture scenarios. The beamforming enhancement pre-focuses the data prior to performing the DBIM optimization in order to achieve a better-conditioned inversion. The enhancement is an advance on previous beamforming work for DBIM in that it focuses simultaneously across not only space but also frequency, which allows for better leveraging of range information in the limited-aperture signal. Results for simulated and experimental data demonstrate that the frequency beamforming enhancement to DBIM results in less sensitivity to the choice of the regularization parameter and produces better reconstructions when spatial and frequency information is limited.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"1173-1184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Efficient Load Balancing Scheme for Parallel p-Adaptive DGTD Method With Local Time Stepping Strategy","authors":"Yu Cheng Liu;Yan Shi;Shi Chen Zhu;Jia Hao Zhang;Ming Yu Xi;Shuai Peng Li;Peng Wang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3524723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3524723","url":null,"abstract":"The discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method with p-adaptive and local time stepping (LTS) strategies, widely employed for simulating various electromagnetic wave phenomena, faces challenges in achieving optimal performance in parallel computing environments due to load imbalance among computational nodes caused by the dynamic change of base order. To address this issue, an adaptive load balancing adjustment strategy is proposed. The proposed load balancing strategy, based on the element diffusion model, achieves balanced computational loads by reasonably selecting and adjusting the interface elements among the computational nodes. Without the need of repartitioning the entire computational domain, the solution time consumed by the proposed method for the load balancing is reduced. Several multiscale electromagnetic examples are given to demonstrate that with the proposed load balancing method, fewer load balancing time overheads and enhanced scalability of the parallel DGTD algorithm with p-adaptive and LTS strategies are achieved, compared with widely used ParMETIS repartitioning method.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 4","pages":"2561-2571"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Data-Rate and Resilient Wireless Links at the W-Band Enabled by All-Metal Spline Horns","authors":"Jérôme Taillieu;Álvaro J. Pascual;Srđan Paković;Xavier Morvan;Walter Fuscaldo;Mauro Ettorre;David González-Ovejero","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3524724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3524724","url":null,"abstract":"The self-healing property of Bessel beams (BBs) is used to create a robust wireless link at the W-band, maintaining high data rates despite metallic obstructions in their nondiffractive range (NDR). This is demonstrated experimentally using a broadband launcher, which comprises a photonic transmitter and a spline-profile horn, by placing a circular metallic obstacle in the beam’s path. Field measurements show that the BB profile remains intact after the obstacle over the 75–105-GHz band. Power transmission tests reveal a record broadband efficiency of up to 70% (−1.54 dB) at 99 GHz across distances of 10–30 wavelengths. Bit error rate and real-time communication tests confirm the link’s reliability, achieving error-free data transmission at 3 Gb/s using on-off keying (OOK) modulation.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 3","pages":"1834-1839"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superradiant Broadband Magnetoelectric Arrays Empowered by Meta-Learning","authors":"Anna Mikhailovskaya;Konstantin Grotov;Dmytro Vovchuk;Dmitry Dobrykh;Carsten Rockstuhl;Pavel Ginzburg","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3524423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3524423","url":null,"abstract":"Laws of electrodynamics constrain scattering cross sections of resonant objects. Nevertheless, a fundamental bound that expresses how large that scattering cross section can be is yet to be found. Approaches based on cascading multiple resonances permitted to push the scattering responses of subwavelength structures and to exceed existing estimators. In this context, the Chu-Harrington criterion is, potentially, the most commonly considered one. The superradiant empirical criterion, addressing scattering performances of near-field coupled resonator arrays, was subsequently developed to tighten existing estimates, setting a new bound that prompted efforts to find structures that exceed it. Here, we demonstrate that genetically designed superscattering structures, encompassing arrays of constructively interfering electric and magnetic dipoles, can build up high scatting cross sections exceeding those imposed by existing criteria in electromagnetic theory, including the superradiant. After undergoing thousands of evolutionary generations, iterating sizes, mutual orientations, and locations of resonators, the structures approach their heuristically maximized performance, which is unlikely to be obtained by a random distribution given more than a billion trials. As an additional practically valuable parameter, the scattering bandwidth also underwent optimization. We demonstrate that flat wavelength-comparable structures can have significant backscattering (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 4times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> prevailing the superradiant criterion) alongside more than 40% fractional bandwidth, given an endfire excitation. The result demonstrates the fundamental perspective to untighten scattering cross section from bandwidth limitations. New capabilities of genetic optimization algorithms, equipped with fast computational tools and constrained by experimentally obtainable electromagnetic parameters, allow chasing well-accepted traditional criteria, demonstrating ever-seen electromagnetic performances.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 4","pages":"2596-2604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Low-Frequency-Stable Higher-Order Isogeometric Discretization of the Augmented Electric Field Integral Equation","authors":"Maximilian Nolte;Riccardo Torchio;Sebastian Schöps;Jürgen Dölz;Felix Wolf;Albert E. Ruehli","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3524031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3524031","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution investigates the connection between isogeometric analysis (IGA) and integral equation (IE) methods for full-wave electromagnetic problems up to the low-frequency limit. The proposed spline-based IE method allows for an exact representation of the model geometry described in terms of nonuniform rational B-splines (NURBS) without meshing. This is particularly useful when high accuracy is required or when meshing is cumbersome, for instance, during the optimization of electric components. The augmented electric field IE (EFIE) is adopted and the deflation method is applied, so the low-frequency breakdown is avoided. The extension to higher-order basis functions is analyzed and the convergence rate is discussed. Numerical experiments on academic and realistic test cases demonstrate the high accuracy of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 3","pages":"1688-1697"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Design of Low-Profile Linear Microstrip Arrays With Wideband Spatial Filtering Capabilities","authors":"Arianna Benoni;Marco Salucci;Andrea Massa","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3524006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3524006","url":null,"abstract":"The design of low-profile linear microstrip arrays with wideband spatial filtering capabilities is dealt with. An innovative architecture, leveraging the angular selectivity of offset stacked patch (OSP) radiators, is proposed to implement phased arrays (PAs) with interelement spacing larger than half-wavelength that feature remarkable grating lobes (GLs) suppression properties and an enhanced gain within a nonnegligible down-looking scanning angular range. The PA layout is then obtained by optimizing the optimal microscale geometrical descriptors of the radiating elements so that the macroscale electromagnetic (EM) features of the arising finite-size PA fulfill the user-defined requirements. A set of numerical test cases, concerned with a variation of the array size and its polarization, is presented to assess the capabilities, the flexibility, and the potentialities of the proposed spatial filtering technique (SFT) also in comparison with competitive state-of-the-art alternatives. The performance of a printed circuit board (PCB)-manufactured prototype is experimentally assessed, as well.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 4","pages":"2342-2356"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a Mode-Compressed Wideband Asymmetrical Dipole Antenna With Stable Omnidirectional Radiation Pattern","authors":"Yanyang Wang;Hongxia Xu;Peng Zhao;Shichang Chen;Kanglong Zhang;Sen Yan;Jianxing Li;Gaofeng Wang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3524412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3524412","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, an odd- and even-mode compression method is proposed to extend the bandwidth of conventional thin dipole antennas while maintaining a stable omnidirectional radiation pattern. Wide bandwidth is achieved by simultaneously exciting and compressing first-order (odd) and second-order (even) modes, enabling their combination. The offset-fed method is used to simultaneously excite the first- and second-order modes of the dipole. The second-order mode is compressed by widening one of the dipole arms, which shifts the second-order mode toward lower frequencies. The first-order mode can be compressed by shortening the length of the thin arm of the dipole that is not widened, which shifts the first-order mode toward higher frequencies. In addition, to convert the second-order mode splitting radiation pattern into an omnidirectional one, parasitic strips are loaded on both sides of the thin arm of the dipole. This loading also helps to further compress the first-order mode toward lower frequencies. The final antenna design features an asymmetric structure. To validate the concept, a prototype was constructed and tested, demonstrating reasonable agreement between the simulated and measured results. The measured impedance bandwidth is 55.6% (1.62–2.87 GHz), and a stable omnidirectional radiation pattern can be maintained across the entire operating frequency band.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 3","pages":"1882-1887"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degrees of Freedom for Radiating Systems","authors":"Mats Gustafsson","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3524437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3524437","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic degrees of freedom are instrumental in antenna design, wireless communications, imaging, and scattering. A large number of degrees of freedom enhance control in antenna design, influencing radiation patterns and directivity, while in communication systems, it links to spatial channels for increased data rates, reliability, and resolution in imaging. The correlation between computed degrees of freedom and physical quantities is not fully understood, prompting a comparison between classical estimates, Weyl’s law, modal expansions, and optimization techniques. In this article, it is shown that the number of degrees of freedom for arbitrarily shaped radiating structures approaches the shadow area measured in squared wavelengths asymptotically as the wavelength decreases.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"1028-1038"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Exact Synthesis Procedure for Minimum Quality Factor Spherical Wire Antennas","authors":"Alexander B. Murray;Ashwin K. Iyer","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3523632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3523632","url":null,"abstract":"A design procedure for minimum-Q spherical wire antennas (SWAs) of arbitrarily small electrical size is derived. Special cases of circularly polarized and self-tuned designs are investigated, where the latter is elliptically polarized and provides the lowest <inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for any configuration of radiated spherical waves in the electrically small regime. The designs are tested in simulation to find that the polarizations agree with the theoretical predictions. The basis for these theoretical predictions—spherical wave expansion—also provides <inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> estimates which are attained in the self-tuned (lowest <inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> electrically small spherical wire) case over a range of electrical sizes for a large number of wires. For a more practical number of wires, a special case is synthesized with electrical size <inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {ka=0.25}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to obtain a quality factor which is 1.03 times the lower bound on SWA <inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the lowest <inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {Q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> relative to this lower bound in the literature.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 4","pages":"2308-2318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10829528","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}