IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation最新文献

{"title":"Analytical Modeling for Logging-While-Drilling Azimuthal Resistivity Measurement in Horizontal Well With Borehole","authors":"Kai Zhao;Decheng Hong;Xiaofei Chen","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2026.3709044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2026.3709044","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents an analytical solution for electromagnetic (EM) fields excited by a tilted current source in a 2-D composite model that consists of a planar-stratified medium and a multilayer horizontal cylinder. The solution can be used to simulate logging-while-drilling azimuthal resistivity measurements (LWD-ARMs) in horizontal wells. Unlike conventional planar or cylindrical models, the composite model simultaneously accounts for the metal collar, borehole, and multilayered planar formation. The key step is to derive mutual transformations between plane and cylindrical waves in the spectral domain, allowing the field to satisfy both cylindrical and planar boundary conditions. Numerical results validate the proposed formulation.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 10","pages":"9900-9909"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Cascaded GTM–CBFM for Scattering Analysis of Arbitrary PEC-Backed Multilayer Dielectric Structures","authors":"Youngjae Yu;Inhwan Kim;Ic-Pyo Hong;Inkyun Jung;Jong-Gwan Yook","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2026.3711676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2026.3711676","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an efficient layer-by-layer electromagnetic analysis framework for electrically large, nonaxisymmetric perfect electric conductor (PEC)-backed multilayer dielectric structures. The proposed method models the multilayer system as an equivalent cascaded network and performs sequential reflection updates from the innermost layer (PEC termination) to the outermost layer. By discarding intermediate matrices after each update, the peak memory is governed by the largest layer interface rather than by the total number of unknowns. To further reduce the computational burden, a characteristic basis function method (CBFM) is integrated into the cascaded generalized transition matrix (GTM) by projecting the GTM interaction matrices (e.g., reflection matrices) onto a reduced characteristic basis function (CBF) space. The CBF generation cost is also reduced via layer-by-layer subdomain systems constructed using only the inner/outer regions associated with each layer. The proposed cascaded GTM and cascaded GTM–CBFM are validated using an arbitrary C-sandwich radome over 1.0–2.0 GHz and a discretized Luneburg lens with varying numbers of concentric dielectric layers. The radar cross-section (RCS) results show excellent agreement with a commercial full-wave solver Altair FEKO (FEKO) using the adaptive cross approximation (ACA) solver, and the surface-current distributions are further verified against Poggio–Miller–Chang–Harrington–Wu–Tsai (PMCHWT)-based reference results. The comparisons confirm significant reductions in peak memory usage and total computation time compared with conventional full-domain formulations.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 10","pages":"9765-9776"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compact and High-Selectivity Wideband Filtering Patch Antennas on Stacked Multimode Radiators","authors":"Ming-Li Sun;Yun-Peng Lyu;Lei Zhu","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2026.3709060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2026.3709060","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we conduct an in-depth investigation into a 3-D stacked configuration for filtering patch antennas to achieve wide bandwidth, high selectivity, and compact size simultaneously. In contrast to conventional methods that employ multiple stacked single-mode radiators (SMRs), we, for the first time, propose a generalized 3-D coupling architecture of multiple stacked multimode radiators (MMRs) and hybrid MMRs-SMRs configurations, enabling the design of new filtering patch antennas with low profile and high performance. Leveraging this configuration, we first propose and design a triple-mode filtering patch antenna. Specifically, its bottom MMR is implemented by integrating shorting pins and slots to excite dual resonant modes, while the top SMR operates in the fundamental resonant mode. This design enables a third-order filtering response with two radiation nulls on both sides of the passband, thereby realizing a sharp roll-off rate at the lower and upper band edges. The experimental results show that it achieves a wide fractional bandwidth of 16% and the selectivity values of 0.13 and 0.10, respectively. To further improve the bandwidth and selectivity, we propose a quadruple-mode filtering patch antenna consisting of two stacked MMRs. These two MMRs are realized via combined pin-loaded, slot-loaded, and stub-loaded techniques, which independently support dual resonant modes each. It achieves a fourth-order filtering response and two radiation nulls on both sides of the passband. The bandwidth is enhanced to 19.2%, and the selectivity values are boosted to 0.10 and 0.09, respectively. Besides the high performance, the proposed antennas also have the compact size of only <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.58~lambda _{0}~times 0.58~lambda _{0}~times 0.067~lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.58~lambda _{0}~times 0.58~lambda _{0}~times 0.058~lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free-space wavelength at the center frequency <inline-formula> <tex-math>$f_{0} = 3.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> GHz).","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 10","pages":"9438-9447"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Millimeter-Wave Wideband Dual-Polarized 1-bit Reconfigurable Magnetoelectric Dipole Phased Array","authors":"Liyue Zhao;Junyao Tan;Yujian Li;Yanbing Li;Lei Ge;Junhong Wang;Yuqian Yang;Shichao Jin","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2026.3706990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2026.3706990","url":null,"abstract":"A novel millimeter-wave wideband dual-polarized 1-bit reconfigurable magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna with a single feeding port is proposed. Four p-i-n diodes are deployed between the horizontal patches and the feed probe of the antenna. By introducing virtual shorting vias in the ME-dipole to substitute the conventional shorting vias, the ME-dipole implements four reconfigurable operating states supporting both dual-polarized radiation and 180° phase shifts. An <inline-formula> <tex-math>$8times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dual-polarized 1-bit reconfigurable ME-dipole phased array with a hybrid feed network consisting of substrate-integrated coaxial lines (SICLs) and air-filled rectangular waveguides is designed. In order to mitigate the mirror lobes due to the quantization errors, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is utilized for designing the feed network, providing optimized fixed phases for the array elements. A fabricated prototype of the array verifies a wide bandwidth of 25.5% (from 24 to 31 GHz). The scanning angular ranges for both polarizations in the two orthogonal planes are ±45° across the operating band. With the compact geometry and promising performance, the proposed array would be a cost-effective candidate for future millimeter-wave applications.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 10","pages":"9386-9396"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design Method of Broad Flat-Top Fan-Beam Complementary Antenna for Radar Applications","authors":"Zhiqi Ke;Kwok Wa Leung;Nan Yang;Kai Lu;Peng Fei Hu;Pin Wen;Chuanyun Wang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2026.3711653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2026.3711653","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a design method of a broad flat-top fan-beam complementary antenna. This antenna superposes a finite-length dipole (FLD) and a nonsmall circular loop (NSCL). Their amplitude ratio, phase difference, and phase center spacing can be utilized to enhance the overall beamwidth and obtain a fan beam. To realize the NSCL, two symmetric inverted-F and two connected L-shaped strips are employed to generate two small loops and one large loop, respectively. For FLD, two connected parasitic strips introduce two dipole modes for superposition. To verify the design idea, a printed <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1 times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> E-plane antenna array is simulated, fabricated, and measured for 24-GHz applications. A measured 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 31.0% (19.2–26.2 GHz) can be obtained, with a peak measured 1-dB H-plane beamwidth of 202° at 22 GHz.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 10","pages":"9520-9530"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine-Learning-Based Regional Nowcasting Method for HF Maximum Usable Frequency Driven by Ionospheric Total Electron Content: A Case Study of North China","authors":"Lingchen Kong;Xiaojun Li;Guozhen Xia;Moran Liu;Chen Zhou","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2026.3717336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2026.3717336","url":null,"abstract":"The maximum usable frequency (MUF) is a key parameter in high-frequency (HF) communication systems, directly affecting link reliability and communication quality. This study proposes a TEC-driven MUF nowcasting framework for regional HF links in North China. Building on the 1DResNet-Transformer-Attention model, we further develop a fusion strategy that combines the neural branch with an XGBoost branch via a fivefold out-of-fold (OOF) ridge-stacking procedure. The dataset comprises MUF observations from 100 transmitter–receiver links in the China North Region Oblique Ionospheric-Sounding Network from 2010 to 2020. Training TEC data are obtained from global ionospheric map (GIM) provided by the International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS), whereas test TEC data are derived from ED-ConvLSTM predictive outputs to avoid the 24-h latency of final GIM products. Ten links are reserved for independent testing, and the remaining 90 links are used for model training and validation. The proposed fusion model is compared with deep-learning models, machine-learning models, and the International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication (ITU-R) P.1240 model. The results show that the fusion model achieves the best overall accuracy and remains robust during geomagnetic disturbances, demonstrating the potential of TEC-driven MUF nowcasting for next-generation networked HF communication systems.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 10","pages":"9966-9980"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Conformal Metasurfaces and Arrays With Stratified Media Using Cylindrically Periodic Mixed Potential Green's Functions and RWG Discretization","authors":"Yu Gao;Qi Wu","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2025.3639154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2025.3639154","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of conformal metasurfaces and arrays is a time-consuming process since many small lattices printed on stratified media need an extraordinary number of dense meshes. To realize efficient analysis of such structures on cylindrical media, a cylindrically periodic mixed potential Green’s Functions (CPMPGFs) is proposed in this article, which can evaluate the performance of a periodic array through one unit. An asymptotic extraction is used to remove nonphysical singularities, and the transformed Gegenbauer’s addition theorem, together with the Sommerfeld identity under 1-D periodic boundary conditions, is adopted to solve the convergence problems of CPMPGFs. An adaptation modification is made on the method of moments (MoM) for applying the CPMPGFs to Rao–Wilton–Glisson (RWG) basis functions, which enable the analysis of array units with arbitrary shapes. Compared with the simulations in FEKO of a conformal bow-tie antenna array and a Jerusalem cross shaped metasurface, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified, and the analysis efficiency is improved by over <inline-formula> <tex-math>$50times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 10","pages":"9188-9199"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semianalytical Modal Solution for a Class of Two-Layer Biaxial Anisotropic Cylindrical Waveguides","authors":"Raul O. Ribeiro;Guilherme S. Rosa;Rafael A. Penchel;Fernando L. Teixeira","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2026.3665968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2026.3665968","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a semianalytical method for decoupling and solving Maxwell’s equations in the biaxial anisotropic media in cylindrical coordinates. The problem is reduced to two coupled differential equations that describe the axial electric and magnetic fields, and a decoupling condition is established. This formulation allows for classifying the problem in uniaxial anisotropic media along the radial, azimuthal, and axial directions, as well as a class of biaxial anisotropic scenarios. We obtain the modal solutions in unbounded two-layer cylindrical waveguides with and without the presence of an inner conductor. The field solutions are expressed as a linear combination of scaled cylindrical functions with noninteger orders. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively obtain the modal field solutions even in extreme lossy scenarios. Furthermore, our results show excellent agreement compared with finite-element reference simulations.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 10","pages":"9258-9267"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11410056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Textile Open-Ended Slot Antennas Integrated Into Textile Displays With High Pixel Densities","authors":"Chuangkai Wang;Zhixi Liang;Yuanming Li;Shao Yong Zheng","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2026.3717319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2026.3717319","url":null,"abstract":"This communication proposes the seamless integration of wearable textile antennas into textile displays with high pixel densities for wearable textile display systems. The integrated designs are designated as textile antennas in displays (TAiDs). In particular, textile open-ended slot antennas are deeply integrated within electroluminescent textile displays (ETDs) by redesigning the display warp lines. The antenna-display integration introduces coupling modes arising from internal resonances within the warp-weft structures of displays, which significantly degrade radiation efficiencies. Coupling modes are effectively suppressed by adding an additional metallic layer beneath the warp lines. To further achieve human body isolation and bandwidth enhancement for wearable applications, a frequency-selective surface (FSS) layer is incorporated. For verification, three dual-band TAiDs with different display pixel densities are simulated, fabricated, and measured. The effects of curvature and the lossy human bodies are evaluated using three-layer liquid phantoms. When a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$16 times 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-pixel TAiD is mounted on a curved phantom, the measured impedance bandwidths cover 2.27–2.56 GHz (12.0%) and 4.43–5.43 GHz (20.3%). High gains are also realized despite the effects of curvature and the human bodies, with peak gains of 4.5 dBi at 2.5 GHz and 5.6 dBi at 5.2 GHz. Furthermore, a complete system, including an RF transceiver and display driver circuits, is integrated into the proposed TAiD by utilizing a coupling feed structure. The TAiDs demonstrate the capability to receive wireless data and update display patterns simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 10","pages":"10025-10030"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paper-Based Hexagonal-Honeycomb Luneburg Lens Antenna for High-Capacity MIMO Base Stations","authors":"Zheng Dong;Jianfeng Zhu;Jin Long;Quan Xue","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2026.3711765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2026.3711765","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a high-gain Luneburg lens (LLs) antenna for base station applications, utilizing a paper-based hexagonal-honeycomb (PB-HH) electromagnetic structure. By depositing metallic particles on all six sidewalls of the PB-HH unit cell (UC), the effective refractive index (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${n} _{textit {eff}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) can be precisely controlled through adjustments in particle characteristics (shape, size, orientation, density) and UC dimensions, enabling continuous tunability of <inline-formula> <tex-math>${n} _{textit {eff}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This design flexibility facilitates the realization of a 200-mm-diameter paper-based LLs operating in the 1.7–2.7-GHz band, paired with a dual-polarized dipole feed. The resulting antenna demonstrates high aperture efficiency (AE) and multibeam radiation performance with broadband characteristics, as confirmed by simulations and measurements showing excellent agreement. Compared to conventional dielectric lenses, the proposed design offers three key advantages: 1) ultralow density (~0.023 g/cm³, approximately 1% of conventional dielectric polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lenses), enabling lightweight large-aperture microwave base station antennas (BSAs); 2) inherent waterproofing, flame retardancy, and thermal stability suitable for harsh environments; and 3) this article lens is foldable and can be compressed a 97% height reduction compared to traditional lenses, addressing compact storage and transportation challenges. This PB-HH LLs antenna presents a compelling solution for high-capacity multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) base station systems.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"74 10","pages":"9339-9351"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}