In Cheol Yoo;Dong Ouk Cho;Dong-Woo Kang;Bontae Koo;Chul Woo Byeon
{"title":"A 120 GHz gm-boosting Low-Noise Amplifier in 40-nm CMOS","authors":"In Cheol Yoo;Dong Ouk Cho;Dong-Woo Kang;Bontae Koo;Chul Woo Byeon","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3493038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2024.3493038","url":null,"abstract":"This brief presents the design of a 120 GHz \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$g_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-boosting low-noise amplifier (LNA) in 40-nm CMOS. The proposed LNA consists of a single-stage differential \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$g_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-boosting common-gate (CG) amplifier and a four-stage differential capacitance-neutralized common-source amplifier. A triple-coupled transformer-based \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$g_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-booting technique in the CG stage enhances gain and noise figure (NF) performances. Implemented in 40 nm CMOS, the proposed LNA achieves a measured power gain of 23.8 dB at 123 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 10 GHz. The lowest NF is 5.0 dB at 123 GHz and the NF is below 6.5 dB from 114 to 128 GHz. The LNA consumes 26 mW from a 1-V supply, with a core chip area of 0.25 mm \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000.70 mm.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 1","pages":"153-157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time-Elapsed-Reliant Observer-Based Control of Semi-Markov Jump Linear Systems With Bilaterally Bounded Sojourn Time","authors":"Yongxiao Tian;Zepeng Ning;Huaicheng Yan;Yan Peng","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3491032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2024.3491032","url":null,"abstract":"This brief focuses on the observer-based output-feedback (OBOF) control of discrete-time semi-Markov jump linear systems (SMJLSs) with bilateral bounds of sojourn time. To lessen the conservatism in OBOF controller design, we develop a decoupling technique that facilitates the simultaneous design of the time-elapsed-reliant observer and controller, which also alleviates the computational burden. Following this approach, mean-square stability analysis and OBOF control synthesis are implemented for SMJLSs by resorting to semi-Markov kernel within an equivalent closed-loop augmented system. The theoretical results are validated through an electromagnetic oscillation circuit to elucidate the efficacy and practical utility of the proposed control methodology.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 1","pages":"218-222"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An On-Chip AC Coupled AFE With Asymmetric Output Stage for d-ToF LiDAR","authors":"Yuye Yang;Hao Feng;Zhenyu Yin;Shuaizhe Ma;Jia Li;Xinyin Shan;Yifei Xia;Ruixuan Yang;Bing Zhang;Li Geng;Dan Li","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3489640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2024.3489640","url":null,"abstract":"In this brief, an on-chip AC coupled analog front-end circuit with asymmetric output stage is proposed for a pulsed direct time-of-flight LiDAR receiver. The AFE employs a novel on-chip AC coupled scheme for APD cathode bias voltage tuning in a cost-effective manner. A reverse current cancellation circuit helps the circuit recover rapidly under large input current. A transimpedance amplifier is designed for low noise which is desirable to process weak signals. An asymmetric output stage doubles the output swing under the same bias current compared to conventional current mode logic topology. This prototype chip is fabricated in a standard 180 nm CMOS process and the measurement results shows bandwidth, gain, input-referred noise current of 151 MHz, 102 dB\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, and 3.51 pA/\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$surd $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 Hz, respectively. The maximum differential output swing reaches \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.8~rm V_{textrm {pp,diff}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 based on both electrical and optical measurement setup.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 1","pages":"148-152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhengqing Zhong;Haibing Wang;Mingju Chen;Yingcheng Lin;Min Tian;Tengxiao Wang;Liyuan Liu;Cong Shi
{"title":"MorphBungee-Lite: An Edge Neuromorphic Architecture With Balanced Cross-Core Workloads Based on Layer-Wise Event-Batch Learning/Inference","authors":"Zhengqing Zhong;Haibing Wang;Mingju Chen;Yingcheng Lin;Min Tian;Tengxiao Wang;Liyuan Liu;Cong Shi","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3488526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2024.3488526","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromorphic processors are promising candidates for energy-constrained intelligent systems, as they emulate cortical computations via spatiotemporally sparse binary spikes. However, achieving high-accuracy, high-throughput and cost-efficient neuromorphic processing remains challenging. To fully utilize hardware resources for performance improvement, we propose a multi-core neuromorphic architecture characteristic of a uniform neuron-core mapping scheme and a layer-wise event-batch-based parallel processing paradigm. These techniques ensure highly balanced cross-core workloads regardless of actual mapped neural network topologies as well as unpredictable input and internally generated spike counts varying from sample to sample. An FPGA prototype of our neuromorphic processor was implemented. It exhibited comparably high on-chip learning accuracies on various visual and non-visual benchmarks, high learning/inference frame rates (low processing latencies), with a moderate amount of logic and memory resource consumptions.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 1","pages":"293-297"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3477193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2024.3477193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"71 11","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10738135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems--II: Express Briefs Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3477191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2024.3477191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"71 11","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10738009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guest Editorial Special Issue on the 2024 ISICAS: A CAS Journal Track Symposium","authors":"Antonio Liscidini","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3467908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2024.3467908","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"71 11","pages":"4607-4607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10738013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reachable Set Estimation of Inertial Complex-Valued Memristive Neural Networks","authors":"Jiemei Zhao;Yi Shen;Leimin Wang;Liqi Yu","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3486746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2024.3486746","url":null,"abstract":"This brief investigates the reachable set estimation (RSE) of inertial complex-valued memristive neural networks (ICVMNNs) with bounded disturbances. By taking into account the analysis method and inequality technique, an algebraic criterion of RES is established. To deal with the inertial terms in memristive neural networks, a nonreduced-order approach is adopted. Besides, the non-separation analysis method is applied to investigate complex-valued problems. Then, a complex-valued feedback control scheme is designed to ensure that the states of ICVMNNs converge to a bounded region. Eventually, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical result.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 1","pages":"213-217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haonan Zhang;Siyu Zhang;Wendong Mao;Zhongfeng Wang
{"title":"An Efficient Brain-Inspired Accelerator Using a High-Accuracy Conversion Algorithm for Spiking Deformable CNN","authors":"Haonan Zhang;Siyu Zhang;Wendong Mao;Zhongfeng Wang","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3487266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2024.3487266","url":null,"abstract":"Spiking Neural Network (SNN), inspired by the brain, has shown promising potential in terms of low-power deployment on resource-constrained devices. The SNN can be obtained by two approaches: training from scratch or conversion from existing Artificial Neural Network (ANN). However, the directly training SNN often leads to suboptimal accuracy. Therefore, methods based on converting existing ANN have become the preferred choice for achieving high accuracy. To enhance the feature-capturing capability of the converted SNNs, various operations, such as transposed convolution and deformable convolution, have been introduced, which bring multiple challenges to conversion algorithms and hardware designs. In this brief, we propose a universal SNN conversion method for deformable convolution to enhance the modeling capability of receptive fields for spatial information. The proposed conversion algorithm not only maintains high accuracy but also makes converted deformable convolutions highly hardware-efficient. Building upon the deformable SNN, we develop a low-complexity processing element and computing array, enabling flexible execution of complex and heterogeneous operations within deformable SNNs without requiring any multipliers. In addition, the overall architecture with energy-efficient dataflow is designed for our deformable SNN model and is implemented in TSMC 28-nm HPC+ technology node. Experiments show that the proposed conversion algorithm suffers negligible accuracy degradation in the challenging object detection task. The accelerator achieves at least \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.2times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 higher energy efficiency compared to previous designs while maintaining 47.9% mAP.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 1","pages":"288-292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An X-Band 7-Bit High Resolution and Ultra-Low Amplitude Variations Phase Shifter With Current Correction Technique","authors":"Dongwei Pang;Jun Wang;Zongming Duan","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3486569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2024.3486569","url":null,"abstract":"In this brief, an X-band 7-bit digital-controlled vector-sum phase shifter (VSPS) with high resolution and ultra-low amplitude variations is presented. The 7-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) incorporating 2-bit quadrant control bits is employed to adjust the amplitude of In-phase/Quadrature (I/Q) signals, and synthesizing the desired phase, which achieves a minimum step control of 2.8125° within a full 360° range. Moreover, a current correction technique is proposed to address the challenges of degraded phase shifting accuracy caused by excessive phase stepping at quadrant intersections, as well as large amplitude variations due to the nonlinear change of transconductance with the square root of bias current. The VSPS, implemented in 130-nm CMOS technology, shows outstanding phase accuracy with the root mean square (rms) error of less than 0.93°, while the rms amplitude error is less than 0.16 dB over the frequency range of 8 to 12 GHz.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 1","pages":"88-92"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}