{"title":"Cryogenic CMOS Active Mixer Employing Transformer-Based Current-Bleeding Technique","authors":"Junhyeop Kim;Juhui Jeong;Junghwan Han","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2025.3543306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2025.3543306","url":null,"abstract":"This brief presents a cryogenic complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) active mixer designed to achieve low-noise and low-power characteristics at cryogenic temperatures. The proposed design employs a transformer-based current-bleeding (CB) technique that further enhances both the conversion gain and noise performance of the mixer when compared to the conventional CB approaches. Implemented as a double-balanced active mixer, the design was fabricated using a 65-nm CMOS process and validated across the 4–8 GHz frequency range under both cryogenic and room temperatures.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 4","pages":"568-572"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Current-Mode Multiply-Accumulate Macro in Sensing-Computing Fusion System for Feature Extraction and Redundancy Reduction","authors":"Xu Ren;Xinpeng Li;Chang Xue;Yandong He;Gang Du","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2025.3543173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2025.3543173","url":null,"abstract":"This brief presents a current-mode sensing-computing fusion system for advanced Internet of Things (IoT) machine vision. The key contributions of our work are: (a) a low-voltage of 0.9V multiply-accumulate (MAC) computing macro with reconfigurable weights is proposed, enabling efficient on-sensor feature extraction; (b) a weight-flipping method for processing negative signals is employed, reducing both power consumption and circuit complexity; (c) a convolutional horizontal shifting technique with fixed weights is equipped, eliminating power consumption associated with weight updates. A <inline-formula> <tex-math>$16times 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CCIS prototype, fabricated using a 0.18<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m CMOS process, achieves a power efficiency of 27.7pJ/frame<inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>pixel at 2000fps. Experimental evaluations in edge feature extraction demonstrate a 32% reduction in power consumption, highlighting the efficiency gains of our approach.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 5","pages":"798-802"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahesh Kumar Chaubey;Yin-Cheng Chang;Po-Chang Wu;Hann-Huei Tsai;Shawn S. H. Hsu
{"title":"A 43.4-dB Gain 7.6-mW 197.5% Bandwidth Double Noise-Canceling Cryogenic LNA Using Gain Peaking Technique for Multiple Spin Qubit Readout","authors":"Mahesh Kumar Chaubey;Yin-Cheng Chang;Po-Chang Wu;Hann-Huei Tsai;Shawn S. H. Hsu","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2025.3543474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2025.3543474","url":null,"abstract":"This brief proposes a cryogenic stacked inverter-based gain-flattening low-noise amplifier (LNA) with dual current reuse and dual noise-canceling in 28-nm CMOS. The LNA features a current-reuse high-Q gate inductor and cascode inverter-based input stage with shunt-resistive feedback, optimizing wideband input impedance. A cryogenic aware self-body bias (SBB) mitigates <inline-formula> <tex-math>$V_{mathrm { th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$r_{mathrm { out}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variations at cryogenic temperatures. The design incorporates a source-degenerated common-source (CS) main amplifier, followed by current reuse inductor gain peaking cascode dual noise-canceling CS transistors, enhancing transconductance and suppressing noise in both main and auxiliary amplifiers. At cryogenic temperature (4 K), the LNA achieves a measured peak gain <inline-formula> <tex-math>$(S_{21})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 43.4 dB, with a large 3-dB bandwidth from 0.02 – 3.2 GHz (197.5% fractional BW) and a minimum NF of 0.37 dB (corresponding to noise temperature <inline-formula> <tex-math>$T_{N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 25.8 K) at 0.7 GHz under power dissipation of 7.6 mW. The circuit occupies an active area of 0.31 mm2.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 5","pages":"638-642"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single-Ended Back-Bias Voltage Generator Using One Pumping Capacitor","authors":"Taegun Yim;Hongil Yoon","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2025.3542106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2025.3542106","url":null,"abstract":"As the dynamic random-access memory technology advances, the size of storage capacitors has diminished. This trend has been accompanied by the challenge of reading cell data reliably from the storage capacitor. One of the most common approaches to solving this problem is preserving stored data by suppressing the sub-threshold leakage current in the access transistors with a negative body bias with a back-bias voltage (VBB) generator. This brief introduces a single-ended VBB generator using only one pumping capacitor. Conventional VBB generators with single-ended structures have a threshold voltage loss and unwanted charge-sharing at internal nodes and load outputs, causing performance degradation. The proposed circuit addresses these issues by employing a grounded gate inverter and an n-channel metal-oxide semiconductor transistor as a discharge transistor. This novel configuration can generate a negative voltage up to the supply voltage level with only one pumping capacitor with merits of power and size. Using the DBHitek <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.18~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m process technology, the proposed circuit has the lowest power consumption, power-delay product, and better pumping efficiency compared to the conventional single-ended VBB generator circuits.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 4","pages":"554-558"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Gu;Mouquan Shen;Ju H. Park;Guangdeng Zong;Tingwen Huang
{"title":"Dynamic Event-Triggered-Based Iterative Filtering and Fault Compensation for PMSG-Based Wind Turbine Systems Under Deception Attack","authors":"Yang Gu;Mouquan Shen;Ju H. Park;Guangdeng Zong;Tingwen Huang","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2025.3542156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2025.3542156","url":null,"abstract":"This brief studies dynamic event-triggered iterative filter and fault compensation control for PMSG-based wind turbine systems under deception attack. System output is assumed to be tampered with a deception attack signal. An event generator is driven by a sector-threshold dynamic triggering criterion to reduce transmissions. An iterative filtering and fault compensation framework is constructed to compensate the system faults. Finally, a comparison simulation is provided to verify the proposed scheme.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 4","pages":"593-597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A General Form for the Extra Element Theorem","authors":"Ricardo Riaza","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2025.3542278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2025.3542278","url":null,"abstract":"In this brief we prove that both forms of Middlebrook’s formula for the transfer impedance of a two-port can be seen as particular instances of a more general expression involving a generic reference immittance, not necessarily an open-circuit or a short-circuit. This generalized formula holds under minimal regularity assumptions.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 4","pages":"559-563"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Compact RF Module With Hybrid Stacked Transformer and Integrated Transceiver Switch in 65 nm CMOS Technology","authors":"Yuting Chen;Qing Guo;Yue Ma;Xingang Ren;Bo Wu;Gang Wang;Xianliang Wu","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2025.3541586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2025.3541586","url":null,"abstract":"In this brief, we propose an RF module that integrates a Doherty power amplifier (PA), a low noise amplifier (LNA), and a transceiver (TRX) switch. This configuration enables transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) mode conversion using a single MOSFET as a switch and a hybrid stacked transformer (HSTF) that covers just 0.0182 mm2. The HSTF co-designs the output matching network (OMN) of the Doherty PA and the input matching network (IMN) of the LNA, thereby reducing insertion loss and significantly miniaturizing the RF front-end. The introduction of an adjustable capacitor bank helps in regulating the parasitic capacitance generated by different operating modes in the HSTF. The 35–41 GHz TRX front-end is implemented in a 65 nm CMOS (1P9M) process. In the TX mode, the high saturated output power (Psat), 1-dB output compression point (OP1dB) and peak power added efficiency (PAE) are measured as 18.6 dBm, 17.7 dBm, and 25.8% at 38 GHz, respectively. The measured PAE at 6-dB and 9-dB power back-off (PBO) efficiency are 18.3% and 13.7%, resulting in efficiency enhancement ratios of 1.46 and 1.51 when compared with an ideal class-B PA. In the RX mode, the minimum noise figure (NF) is 4.8 dB at 38 GHz. The overall chip size of the TRX, including the three-stage PA/LNA and I/O pads, is approximately <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.34times 0.98$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm2.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 4","pages":"549-553"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaping Qiang;Li Li;Yuanqing Xia;Xiangyi Ren;Yipeng Cao
{"title":"Practical Prescribed-Time Tracking Control for High-Order Nonholonomic Systems With Matched and Mismatched Uncertainties","authors":"Jiaping Qiang;Li Li;Yuanqing Xia;Xiangyi Ren;Yipeng Cao","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2025.3541963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2025.3541963","url":null,"abstract":"In this brief, a practical prescribed-time (PPT) tracking control method is proposed for a high-order nonholonomic system with matched and mismatched uncertainties. A time-varying constraining function is employed to flexibly adjust constraint boundary of output. Then, a distributed extended state observer (ESO) is presented to estimate both matched and mismatched uncertainties. A backstepping controller is proposed to guarantee that the tracking error system is PPT stable. Computational explosion caused by the backstepping controller is effectively avoided by a second-order tracking differentiator. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by an experiment on a wheeled mobile robot (WMR).","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 4","pages":"588-592"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 140-GHz CMOS Four-Way Power Combining Doherty Power Amplifier With Adaptive Biasing","authors":"Junyuan Tu;Guohao He;Aguan Hong;Yuxin Yang;Xiang Yi;Pei Qin;Haoshen Zhu;Wenquan Che;Quan Xue","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2025.3541202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2025.3541202","url":null,"abstract":"This brief presents a D-band power amplifier (PA) with high output power and high back-off efficiency in 40nm GP CMOS technology. The PA is based on a four-way parallel power-combining Doherty architecture. Two sub-amplifiers with high output power have been realized using a highly balanced impedance-transforming power combiner based on the SLOT-GCPW structure. A transmission-line-like impedance inverter and a quadrature coupler with a slow wave coplanar waveguides (S-CPWs) are proposed to obtain compact size. Meanwhile, the adaptive bias technique is used to overcome the difficulties of implementing conventional Doherty architectures at terahertz (THz). The measured Doherty PA realizes a peak small-signal gain of 15.3 dB with 17 GHz 3-dB bandwidth. At 140 GHz, the PA achieves 16.1 dBm saturated output power (Psat) with peak power-added-efficiency (PAE) of 7% and 3% PAE at 6-dB power back-off (PBO) from Psat. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first D-band CMOS integrated PA with high PBO efficiency.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 4","pages":"539-543"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An 8-to-12-Bit Resolution-Reconfigurable SAR ADC With Fast-Window-Switching Technique","authors":"Yuhua Liang;Shida Song;Zhangming Zhu","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2025.3541236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2025.3541236","url":null,"abstract":"This brief presents a resolution-reconfigurable successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The reconfigurable capacitor digital-to-analog converter (CDAC) is designed to support 8/10/12-bit resolution modes. In order to mitigate the nonlinearity introduced by capacitor mismatch and suppress the transition glitch during the most significant bit trial in 10/12-bit modes, the Fast-Window-Switching (FWS) technique is proposed. The FWS technique can improve the linearity of the ADC without increasing the total capacitance of the CDAC, thus reducing the chip area and the burden of input buffers. The prototype is fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS process and occupies an active area of 0.23mm2. On the condition of a sampling rate of 10-MS/s, the achieved SNDR and SFDR are 48.3dB and 60.8dB in the 8-bit mode. With the FWS performing its role in the 10/12-bit mode, the ADC achieves 59.2dB/65.5dB SNDR and 73.4dB/79.6dB SFDR, and consumes <inline-formula> <tex-math>$350mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>W/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$580mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>W at 1.8V supply.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 4","pages":"544-548"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}