Wanqing Wu;Xinyi Zhang;Ning Zhang;Ruiyong Xiang;Haigang Feng;Zhihua Wang
{"title":"A 16-to-24.9 GHz Dual-Core Dual-Mode Noise-Circulating VCO Using Single-Phase Switch With FOMT of 209.0 dBc/Hz","authors":"Wanqing Wu;Xinyi Zhang;Ning Zhang;Ruiyong Xiang;Haigang Feng;Zhihua Wang","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2026.3669392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2026.3669392","url":null,"abstract":"This brief presents a dual-core dual-mode noise-circulating voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a wide frequency tuning range (FTR) and low phase noise (PN) for K-band applications. Specifically, the VCO employs an optimized capacitively coupled noise-circulating structure to operate in the K-band while suppressing the thermal noise contribution of the transistors. A low-noise dual-mode inductor is proposed. By utilizing a single-phase switch network, it achieves a wide FTR without degrading the phase noise performance, eliminating the detrimental effects of mode-switching. Fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, the VCO occupies an active core area of 0.096 mm<sup>2</sup>. When operating at 16.32 GHz, the VCO achieves -148.4 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset frequency after the frequency is divided by three. While the power consumption is 4.9 mW from a 0.9 V supply, the resulting figure-of-merit (FOM) is 196.2 dBc/Hz. With a FTR from 16 GHz to 24.9 GHz (43.5%), the VCO achieves a FOM with tuning range (FOM<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{mathrm {T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 209.0 dBc/Hz.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"73 5","pages":"508-512"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zexin Su;Junyan Zhu;Chang Liu;Tao Hu;Yao Liu;Jixin Chen;Franco Maloberti;Bo Li
{"title":"A 9-b 3–7.5-GHz 2.53-LSB-INL High-Linearity Phase Interpolator With CMOS-Signal-Targeted Calibration in 65-nm for High-Speed Data Links","authors":"Zexin Su;Junyan Zhu;Chang Liu;Tao Hu;Yao Liu;Jixin Chen;Franco Maloberti;Bo Li","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2026.3678518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2026.3678518","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a high-linearity 8-phase CMOS-targeted-calibration phase interpolator (PI) is proposed. In classical current-mode logic (CML) PIs, improvement efforts primarily focus on correcting the CML signal phase error, while neglecting a significant transfer phase error that occurs when converting the CML signal to the CMOS signal, resulting from the amplitude differences of CML phases and the threshold variation of the transfer circuit. To address this problem, a CMOS-signal-targeted calibration technique is proposed, which considers both error sources: the CML inherent phase error and the transfer error from CML to CMOS. The phase error will be extracted directly from the final CMOS signal, and the calibration will be implemented according to this total phase error. In the proposed calibration scheme, the specific CMOS phases (22.5° phase group) are adopted as phase references, which have identical CML amplitudes before CMOS to avoid the transfer error; and other CMOS phases will be calibrated based on the references. Fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process, the chip achieves an integral non-linearity (INL) of less than 2.53 LSB and a differential non-linearity (DNL) of less than 0.77 LSB with 9 bits resolution across a frequency range of 3 to 7.5 GHz.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"73 5","pages":"523-527"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Optimized Dead-Time for Soft-Switching in CCM of Current-Fed Interleaved Boost Converter","authors":"Dinh Phuc Nguyen;Weize Xu;Chun-Jen Yao;Huang-Jen Chiu","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2026.3677874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2026.3677874","url":null,"abstract":"This brief presents a DC optimizer for distributed generation applications (PV). The proposed converter features a zero-voltage switching (ZVS) capability which is achieved by utilizing the magnetizing current of the transformer to facilitate soft-switching operation. Specifically, a dead-time control strategy that adapts to the output power is analyzed to ensure ZVS over the entire power range and to minimize dead-time losses, particularly in high-frequency converters. In addition, the inductors in the interleaved boost stage are designed to operate in continuous conduction mode (CCM), resulting in low inductor current ripple. Therefore, the core loss is reduced due to lower total flux density ripple. In other words, the proposed converter can achieve the ZVS even though the circuit operates at CCM operation. Consequently, the circuit can achieve high efficiency, high power density and low cost. Finally, a 35 VDC input voltage to 380 VDC output voltage at 300W/520kHz was developed and tested successfully to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed converter.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"73 5","pages":"603-607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 0.95-ppm/°C Voltage Reference With Second-Order Core-Injection Sub-Ranging Compensation","authors":"Wenzhao Lv;Pengxu Ren;Dan Ye;Chao Jiang;Zhuojun Chen","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2026.3681102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2026.3681102","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a second-order core-injection sub-ranging voltage reference with an ultra-low temperature coefficient (TC) over a wide temperature range for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. Based on a shunt-PTAT second-order temperature-compensated voltage reference, a resistor-ratio based core-injection sub-ranging is applied in the voltage reference for lower TC. The proposed voltage reference was designed and fabricated in a standard 65-nm CMOS technology. The proposed second-order core-injection sub-ranging voltage reference achieves an average TC of 0.95 ppm/°C (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sigma =0.16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ppm/°C) after trimming from <inline-formula> <tex-math>$- 60~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$85~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C, and the worst-case TC is 1.17 ppm/°C. It consumes <inline-formula> <tex-math>$29~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>A at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$27~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C and occupies 0.09 mm<sup>2</sup>.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"73 5","pages":"543-547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 2-to-18 GHz Power Amplifier With 31-dB Gain and ±0.5 dB In-Band Ripple Using Segmented Matching in 0.18-μm SiGe BiCMOS","authors":"Jianbing Liu;Fanyi Meng","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2026.3671329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2026.3671329","url":null,"abstract":"This brief proposes an ultra-wideband power amplifier (PA) covering the <italic>S-C-X-Ku</i> <bold>bands, realized in the HHGRACE 0.18-</b><inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula><bold>m SiGe BiCMOS process. A frequency-domain characteristic-based segmented matching strategy is adopted, which leverages the substantial frequency-dependent variation of inductive/capacitive reactance within the operating band—particularly the inductive reactance of choke coils—to separately construct targeted low- and high-frequency impedance matching networks. Measurement results show that the PA achieves an ultra-wide bandwidth of 2–18 GHz (160% fractional bandwidth) with a gain of 31 dB at 10 GHz and a small gain ripple of ±0.5 dB. It maintains</b> <inline-formula> <tex-math>$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula><inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{mathbf {11}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula><-<bold>10 dB and</b> <inline-formula> <tex-math>$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula><inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{mathbf {22}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>< -<bold>8.5 dB across the band, with a 1-dB compression point</b> (<italic>OP</i><inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{mathbf {1dB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 14.7 dBm, a maximum saturated output power (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${P} _{mathbf {SAT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 15.7 dBm and a peak power-added efficiency (<italic>PAE</i>) of 14.88% at 8 GHz. The PA features a compact core area of 0.245 mm<sup>2</sup>. Compared to state-of-the-art designs, the proposed PA realizes ultra-wide bandwidth, high gain, flat gain response, and compact size, making it suitable for modern ultra-wideband communication systems.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"73 5","pages":"548-552"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Low-Quiescent-Current Output-Capacitorless Low-Dropout Regulator With a Dual-Path Adaptive-Biasing Technique","authors":"Jiatao Chen;Jing Wang;Xu Han;Minghao Shang;Xiaoyu Guo;Xuefei Bai;Lin Cheng","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2026.3671470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2026.3671470","url":null,"abstract":"This brief presents an output-capacitorless low-dropout regulator (OCL-LDO) featuring low power consumption and fast transient response. A dual-path adaptive-biasing (DP-AB) technique is introduced, improving conventional adaptive biasing for IoT applications. The proposed LDO uses a negative-feedback path to adaptively counteract positive-feedback component of conventional adaptive biasing under light loads, suppressing inner-loop gain for enhanced stability without raising quiescent current, while preserving heavy-load performance. Fabricated in a 180-nm BCD process with a core area of 0.021 <inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {mm}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, it achieves <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.2~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>A quiescent current and 40 mA maximum load. Measurements show 0.16-V undershoot and 168-ns recovery for a 0 A to 40 mA load step with 75-ns edge time. By overcoming conventional adaptive-biasing power limitations, the design delivers low static current and rapid transient response.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"73 5","pages":"598-602"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 4-GHz Ring-VCO-Based Wideband Double-Sampling PLL With −88.2-dBc Reference Spur, 119-fsRMS Jitter and −244.1-dB FOM","authors":"Longbiao Wang;Ming Che;Tianyuan Zhang;Guanghui Zhao;Pengcheng He;Na Yan;Yu Zhao;Hao Xu;Peng Chen;Xiongchuan Huang","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2026.3680570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2026.3680570","url":null,"abstract":"This brief presents a ring-VCO-based type-II double-sampling phase-locked loop (DSPLL) by jointly engineering bandwidth extension and reference spur suppression. Loop bandwidth is extended by inserting a unit-gain buffer (UGB) between the sampling and holding capacitors, introducing a source-degeneration zero in the G<sub>M</sub>, and placing another UGB between the loop filter and ring VCO to compensate the phase margin, thereby suppressing ring VCO phase noise. Low reference spur is achieved adopting a T-shape switch for sampling, an F-shape switch for holding, and a narrow-pulse timing scheme with a shared holding clock, which mitigates the voltage ripple induced by the sampling and holding nonidealities. Fabricated in 65-nm CMOS, the proposed DSPLL achieves an RMS jitter of 119-fs integrated from 1-kHz to 100-MHz, a reference spur level of −88.2-dBc with a jitter-power figure-of-merit of −244.1-dB.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"73 5","pages":"533-537"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Hardware/Software Co-Optimization of HQC Using Tightly-Coupled Accelerators on a 32-bit Ibex Core","authors":"Seog Chung Seo;YoungBeom Kim","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2026.3668482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2026.3668482","url":null,"abstract":"We present Hardware/Software co-optimization of Hamming Quasi-Cyclic (HQC) enabled by tightly coupled accelerators implemented on a 32-bit Ibex RISC-V core. On the hardware side, we propose a unified multiplier capable of efficiently performing carryless multiplication for both polynomial multiplication over <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathbb {F}_{2}[X]/(X^{n} - 1)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and multiplication over <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathbb {F}_{2^{8}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We also design a Keccak permutation accelerator to support efficient randomness sampling. On the software side, we identify the optimal combination of Toom–Cook and Karatsuba methods for efficient polynomial multiplication on the Ibex core and enhance its performance by minimizing the number of memory accesses during its execution. With our co-optimization strategies, our HQC implementation achieves a performance improvement of several tens of times over the reference implementation.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"73 5","pages":"583-587"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual Objective Model Predictive Current Control Method for PMSM Drives","authors":"Chenguang Zhang;Tianyu Yuan;Xiaoguang Zhang;Niko Nevaranta;Pasi Peltoniemi","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2026.3678100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2026.3678100","url":null,"abstract":"Model predictive current control (MPCC) is recognized as a promising control method for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. In conventional MPCC, only current tracking is considered while the switching transition term is neglected, which can reduce system efficiency and overall control performance. To balance the influence of current error and switching transition term, a dual objective MPCC (DOMPCC) method is put forward in this brief. First, the conventional MPCC method is introduced and the limitations are formulated. Then, the proposed method is presented where a new cost function including switching transition term is designed. In addition, the design process for the balance factor and weighting coefficient is developed, and the stability analysis is provided. Finally, comparative studies are conducted on a 1.25 kW experimental platform to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DOMPCC method.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"73 5","pages":"573-577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Se-Ung Park;Junyeong Lee;Jaemin Choi;Jung-Hoon Chun
{"title":"Sliding-Block DFE Error Propagation Correction Under Uncertainty With Reverse-Decision Evaluation for High-Speed Wireline Receiver on FPGA","authors":"Se-Ung Park;Junyeong Lee;Jaemin Choi;Jung-Hoon Chun","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2026.3679301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2026.3679301","url":null,"abstract":"This brief presents a PAM-4 sliding-block decision feedback equalizer (SB-DFE) employing the correction under uncertainty with reverse-decision evaluation (CURE) scheme. Conventional SB-DFE resolves timing bottlenecks in high-tap DFE by breaking the feedback loop, but remains vulnerable to intra-block error propagation. To address this, the CURE scheme is integrated for localized sequence estimation, which conditionally evaluates candidate sequences prompted by unreliable decisions to suppress error propagation with minimal complexity. Leveraging the SB-DFE structure to compensate for long-tail post-cursor intersymbol interference enables the use of a shortened feed-forward equalizer (FFE). This provides a higher signal-to-noise ratio for CURE than 4-state maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD), as the latter suffers from noise amplification in its longer FFE. Field-programmable gate array-based link emulation confirms the proposed architecture outperforms 4-state MLSD across various noise conditions. ASIC synthesis in a 28-nm FD-SOI technology further confirms that the design reduces area and power by <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.90times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4.05times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively, relative to the MLSD benchmark.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"73 5","pages":"563-567"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}