{"title":"Parametric Interpolation Model Order Reduction on Grassmann Manifolds by Parallelization","authors":"Kang-Li Xu;Zhen Li;Peter Benner","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3460171","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3460171","url":null,"abstract":"Based on Riemannian geometry of Grassmann manifolds and discrete Laguerre polynomials, we propose a parametric interpolation parallel MOR method for discrete-time parametric systems. First, a block discrete Fourier transform-based (BDFT) parallel strategy is presented to construct the local basis matrices, which achieves two level acceleration by parallelization. Further, using the retractions and vector transports on Grassmann manifolds, the basis matrix for a new parameter is obtained by interpolating the local bases on the tangent spaces at the different reference points. Finally, a numerical example is used to demonstrate the efficiency of our method.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 1","pages":"198-202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142267839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In-MRAM Computing Based on Complementary-Sensing Time-Based Readout Circuit Using Hybrid VGSOT-MTJ/GAA-CNTFET","authors":"Zhongzhen Tong;Sifan Sun;Kaili Zhang;Chenghang Li;Daming Zhou;Zhaohao Wang;Xiaoyang Lin;Weisheng Zhao","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3460169","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3460169","url":null,"abstract":"Gate-all-around carbon nanotube field-effect-transistors (GAA-CNTFETs) and voltage-gated spin-orbit torque magnetic tunnel junctions (VGSOT-MTJs) are expected to realize significant savings in energy consumption and computing delay compared to the existing silicon-based FinFETs. This brief proposes an in-MRAM computing macro based on a newly developed complementary-sensing time-based readout circuit (CSTRC) to accelerate binary neural networks (BNNs). An 8 kb MRAM was simulated using both GAA-CNTFET/VGSOT-MTJ and 14 nm FinFET/VGSOT-MTJ technologies to validate the effectiveness of the proposed design. The proposed CSTRC can achieve read operations and binary multiply-and-accumulate (BMAC) without additional peripheral circuits and achieve a notable decrease in the read bit error rate and column-level conditional row error rate by 1–5 and 1–13 orders of magnitude, respectively, compared to those reported previously. Moreover, under the GAA-CNTFET/VGSOT-MTJ process, the read energy consumption and delay were reduced by 59.1–78.9% and 23.9–29.7%, respectively; the BMAC energy efficiency and throughput were 10231 1-b TOPS/W and 1.8 TOPS, respectively increased by 2.9 and 1.27 times at 0.8 V supply voltage when comparing to its 14-nm FinFET /VGSOT-MTJ counterparts.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 1","pages":"173-177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142267840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yani Li;Zonghui Li;Libo Qian;Xiudeng Wang;Zhangming Zhu
{"title":"A Low Quiescent Current Fast Transient LDO Regulator With Segmented Pass Transistors","authors":"Yani Li;Zonghui Li;Libo Qian;Xiudeng Wang;Zhangming Zhu","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3458975","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3458975","url":null,"abstract":"This brief proposes a low quiescent current fast transient low-dropout regulator (LDO). The pass field-effect transistor (FET) in the LDO is segmented into three sections to cope with different loads. Under no-load mode, the smallest-sized pass transistor is directly driven by the error amplifier (EA) for low quiescent current. At light- and heavy- load modes, the medium and largest sized pass FETs are respectively switched on by different strength buffers for fast transient response. The proposed LDO is implemented in a \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.18~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m BCD process with an active area of 0.0875 mm2. The LDO consumes a quiescent current of 25 nA at no-load condition, with an input voltage range of 1.5 V-5.5 V and an output voltage range of 1.2 V-5 V. The measured transient output voltage is 28 mV when load current is switched from 0 mA to 200 mA in 100 ns with \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 F load capacitance. The recovery time is about \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000s. Compared to reported counterparts, the proposed LDO shows an excellent figure-of-merit (FOM).","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 1","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed S. Elwakil;Anis Allagui;Mohamed B. Elamien;Costas Psychalinos;Brent Maundy
{"title":"Closed-Form Expressions for the Input Impedance of Some 2-D Fractal Circuit Networks","authors":"Ahmed S. Elwakil;Anis Allagui;Mohamed B. Elamien;Costas Psychalinos;Brent Maundy","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3459091","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3459091","url":null,"abstract":"We derive closed form expressions for the input impedance of two-dimensional (2-D) infinite ladder-tree and tree-ladder networks using the combination of results for the input impedance of an infinite 1-D ladder network and an infinite 1-D tree network. We show that the effect of the number of branches in the tree network can always be absorbed via impedance scaling resulting in a universal formula derived in this brief. The meaningful number of branches of the tree network is shown to be either two branches; i.e., a binary tree, or four branches; i.e., a quaternary tree. Special cases of component choices are investigated, and both circuit simulations and experimental results are provided to validate the theory.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 1","pages":"18-22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LTE: Lightweight and Timing-Efficient Unequal-Sized Polynomial Multiplication Accelerators","authors":"Yazheng Tu;Tianyou Bao;Pengzhou He;Leonel Sousa;Jiafeng Xie","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3458871","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3458871","url":null,"abstract":"Integer polynomial multiplication has been frequently used in post-quantum cryptography and fully homomorphic encryption systems. Particularly, there exists a special polynomial multiplication, where the polynomial degree can be a power of two and the coefficients of the two input polynomials are unequal-sized (difficult to deploy fast algorithm for implementation efficiency). Following this direction, in this brief, we propose a novel hardware-implemented Lightweight and Timing-Efficient (LTE) integer polynomial multiplication design framework. We proposed two new algorithms for efficient implementation of the targeted polynomial multiplication. Accordingly, we presented two hardware accelerators with the help of several new hardware design techniques. The final implementation showcases the proposed accelerators’ superior performance, e.g., the proposed Accelerator-I \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$(v=512)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 has 44.7% less equivalent area-delay product (EADP) than the state-of-the-art design for \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$n=4,096$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, while the proposed Accelerator-II has at least 38.7% less ADP than the competing designs for \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$n=1,024$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. The proposed strategy is highly efficient and can be extended for other usage.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 1","pages":"253-257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianfei Wang;Jia Hou;Fahong Zhang;Yishuo Meng;Yang Su;Chen Yang
{"title":"An Efficient and Parallelism-Scalable Large Integer Multiplier Architecture Using Least-Positive Form and Winograd Fast Algorithm","authors":"Jianfei Wang;Jia Hou;Fahong Zhang;Yishuo Meng;Yang Su;Chen Yang","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3457494","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3457494","url":null,"abstract":"In this brief, an improved and efficient Winograd-based Large Integer Multiplication using least-positive form named WLIM is proposed, which can reduce 28.61% to 33.33% of the number of multiplications compared to least-positive form direct multiplication. By exploiting the cyclic parallelism of the improved algorithm, an Efficient and Parallelism-Scalable Large Integer Multiplier architecture named EPSM is proposed, which has two levels of adjustable parallelism. EPSM is implemented on Xilinx Virtex-7 VC709 Board, Zynq UltraScale+ XZCU19EG Device, and Alveo U250 Card, by using Vivado. Compared with the related works, EPSM can achieve a performance improvement of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.29times sim ~20.99times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. In terms of area efficiency, EPSM can achieve \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.54times sim ~41.41times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 area-time product (ATP) improvements.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"72 1","pages":"248-252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Ripple-Based Real-Time Built-in-Resistance Compensation for Switching Battery Charger Achieving Fast Charging","authors":"Geuntae Park;Seongil Yeo;Chanjung Park;Kunhee Cho","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3456470","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3456470","url":null,"abstract":"This brief describes a real-time built-in-resistance (BIR) compensation for a switching charger designed to achieve fast charging. The proposed BIR detection utilizes the ripple components of the switching charger, enabling the detection of the BIR information at every switching cycle. The proposed BIR compensation can continuously detect the BIR information, thereby allowing the battery to be charged in constant-current (CC) mode for almost the entire charging period. The proposed switching charger has been implemented in a \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.18~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m CMOS process, occupying a die area of 0.205mm2. The switching charger with the proposed BIR detection can charge in CC mode up to 98%, with CC mode charging time occupying 92.7% of the total charging time. The total charging time is reduced by 38.8% compared to conventional charging architecture. A peak efficiency of 95% is achieved.","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"71 11","pages":"4698-4702"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems--II: Express Briefs Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3442051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2024.3442051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"71 9","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10666915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TechRxiv: Share Your Preprint Research with the World!","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3454929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2024.3454929","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"71 9","pages":"4406-4406"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10666942","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TCSII.2024.3442053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2024.3442053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","volume":"71 9","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10666891","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}