{"title":"White Gaussian Noise Generation With a Vacuum State Quantum Entropy Source Chip","authors":"Guan-Ru Qiao;Bing Bai;Zi-Xuan Weng;Jia-Ying Wu;You-Qi Nie;Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3547839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3547839","url":null,"abstract":"White Gaussian noise (WGN) is widely used in communication system testing, physical modeling, Monte Carlo simulations, and electronic countermeasures. WGN generation relies heavily on random numbers. In this work, we present an implementation of WGN generation utilizing a quantum entropy source chip for the first time. A photonic integrated chip based on the vacuum state scheme generates quantum random numbers at a real-time output rate of up to 6.4 Gbps. A hardware-based inversion method converts uniform quantum random numbers into Gaussian random numbers using the inverse cumulative distribution function. Subsequently, the WGN signal is generated through a digital-to-analog converter and amplifiers. The WGN generator is characterized by a bandwidth of 230 MHz, a crest factor as high as 6.2, and an adjustable peak-to-peak range of 2.5 V. This work introduces a novel approach to WGN generation with information-theory provable quantum random numbers to enhance system security.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 5: Quantum Materials and Quantum Devices","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei-Ta Chen;Chia-Chen Li;Yao-Hong Liu;Pou-Leng Cheong;Yi-Min Wang;Chia-Wei Sun
{"title":"Migraine Detection in Young Group Based on Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Measurements","authors":"Wei-Ta Chen;Chia-Chen Li;Yao-Hong Liu;Pou-Leng Cheong;Yi-Min Wang;Chia-Wei Sun","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3540761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3540761","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the neurovascular responses in young individuals with fewer complications using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Thirty-two young migraines and thirty-two healthy control subjects (HC) were measured by fNIRS to observe changes in hemoglobin in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). According to the structural changes in the frontal cortex in migraine patients, two mental stress tasks and a concentration task (CT) were designed. The statistical findings showed that all three tasks revealed differences in prefrontal blood oxygenation between groups. Specifically, during the mental task-related exercises, a significant difference was identified in the left hemisphere, whereas during the CT, a notable distinction was noted in the right hemisphere. Furthermore, machine learning techniques were applied for migraine classification, receiving test accuracies of 82%, 89%, and 90% for the mental arithmetic task (MAT), the verbal fluency task (VFT), and the CT, respectively. These results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing fNIRS with machine learning to classify migraines in young individuals.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 4: Adv. in Neurophoton. for Non-Inv. Brain Mon.","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Second-Order Interference Effect of Polarized Light Based on Two-Photon Absorption Detection","authors":"Wenxuan Hao;Huaibin Zheng;Bin Li;Yu Zhou;Jianbin Liu;Hui Chen;Yuchen He;Yanyan Liu;Zhuo Xu","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3545414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3545414","url":null,"abstract":"The two-photon interference effect of polarized light holds significant research importance in quantum optics. Different types of polarized light exhibit distinct interference behaviors, making the systematic study of these behaviors crucial. This paper introduces the concept of the polarization two-photon coherence matrix and provides a theoretical explanation for the differences in two-photon interference phenomena among linear, circular, and elliptically polarized light. Using a polarization Michelson interferometer based on two-photon absorption detection, second-order interference images of circularly polarized and elliptically polarized light were experimentally captured. The differences in these two-photon interference phenomena can be elucidated by visualizing the polarization coherence matrix. Furthermore, this theory was applied to the study of sub-wavelength interference phenomena of circularly polarized light, confirming the universality of the theoretical model and offering new perspectives and tools for the study of quantum optics.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 5: Quantum Materials and Quantum Devices","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3533272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3533272","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 1: SiGeSn Infrared Photon. and Quantum Electronics","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10885403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3533268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3533268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 1: SiGeSn Infrared Photon. and Quantum Electronics","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10885401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics Topic Codes and Topics","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3533274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3533274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 1: SiGeSn Infrared Photon. and Quantum Electronics","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10885402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingjun Zhao;Leah Dickstein;Akshay S. Nadig;Wenjun Zhou;Santosh Aparanji;Hector Garcia Estrada;Shing-Jiuan Liu;Ting Zhou;Weijian Yang;Aaron Lord;Vivek J. Srinivasan
{"title":"Comprehensive Optimization of Interferometric Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (iDWS)","authors":"Mingjun Zhao;Leah Dickstein;Akshay S. Nadig;Wenjun Zhou;Santosh Aparanji;Hector Garcia Estrada;Shing-Jiuan Liu;Ting Zhou;Weijian Yang;Aaron Lord;Vivek J. Srinivasan","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3537642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3537642","url":null,"abstract":"Light speckle fluctuations provide a means for noninvasive measurements of cerebral blood flow index (CBFi). While conventional Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) quantifies these fluctuations to provide marginal brain sensitivity for CBFi in adult humans, new techniques have emerged to improve diffuse light throughput and brain sensitivity. Here we further optimize one such approach, interferometric diffusing wave spectroscopy (iDWS), with respect to the number of independent channels, camera duty cycle and full well capacity, incident laser power, noise and artifact mitigation, and data processing. We build the system on a cart and define conditions for stable operation. We show pulsatile CBFi monitoring at 4–4.5 cm source-collector separation in adults with moderate pigmentation (Fitzpatrick 4). We also report preliminary clinical measurements of patient CBFi in the Neuro Intensive Care Unit (Neuro ICU). These results push the boundaries of iDWS CBFi monitoring performance beyond previous reports.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 4: Adv. in Neurophoton. for Non-Inv. Brain Mon.","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Metrics and Loss Mechanisms in Horticulture Luminescent Solar Concentrators","authors":"Zhijie Xu;Yue Yu;Ioannis Papakonstantinou","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3540601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3540601","url":null,"abstract":"Horticulture Luminescent Solar Concentrators (HLSCs) represent an innovative concept developed in recent years to promote crop yields, building upon the foundation of traditional Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSCs). Unlike traditional LSCs, HLSCs focus on converting energy from one part of the solar spectrum (typically green) to a specific range (usually red) and aim for the converted photons to exit the device from the bottom surface rather than the edge surfaces. Thus, beyond spectral conversion, HLSCs are especially notable for their light extraction capabilities. Efficient spectral conversion and outcoupling efficiency are achieved by optimizing luminescent materials and introducing light extraction techniques. In this study, we start by examining the specific requirements of horticulture to clarify the motivation for using HLSCs. We re-evaluate and propose new optical metrics tailored to HLSCs. Additionally, we analyse potential loss channels for direct red emission and converted red emission. Utilizing Monte Carlo ray tracing method and experimental data, we further explore the factors influencing these loss channels. The key evaluation metrics for HLSC and LSC are compared to highlight the distinctions between the two, emphasizing the innovative features of the HLSC device. Our work provides a fundamental discussion on HLSCs and offers design guidelines for future HLSC research.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 6: Photon. for Climate Chng. Mitigation and Adapt.","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oxide-Aperture Scaling of Cryogenic Microcavity Surface Emitting Laser for Ultrafast Optical Link","authors":"Derek Chaw;Haonan Wu;Zetai Liu;Milton Feng","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3540892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3540892","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of cryogenic computing including quantum computers and superconducting processors requires energy-efficient data links capable of operating between room and cryogenic temperatures. In this work, we report the first high-speed microcavity laser achieved by scaling the oxide-aperture diameter of Cryo-VCSEL from 6.8 μm (typical cavity size) to 1.8 μm (microcavity) for ultrafast optical links. We investigated the scaling of laser cavity size through measurements of the oxide-aperture diameter and calculations of laser spectrum modal separation. The microcavity Cryo-VCSEL demonstrates an ultrahigh bandwidth, f-3dB > 50 GHz at a minimal bias current of 1mA (I/ITH = 3.5x) at 40 K. Furthermore, it achieves a 112 Gbps PAM-4 data rate with TDECQ = 3.30 dB at I = 6 mA, revealing that microcavity lasers are a viable solution for ultrafast data links, achieving energy efficiency of less than 10 fJ/bit.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 2: Pwr. and Effic. Scaling in Semiconductor Lasers","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}