IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Collagen-Related Information Facilitates the Stratification of Breast Cancer Patients With NHG2","authors":"Zhijun Li;Zhonghua Han;Shuoyu Xu;Gangqin Xi;Shunwu Xu;Jianhua Chen;Deyong Kang;Jianxin Chen","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3621506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3621506","url":null,"abstract":"The Nottingham histological grade (NHG) is routinely used to stratify breast cancer patients into NHG1-3 for treatment decisions, yet NHG1/NHG2 ambiguity complicates personalized clinical strategy formulation. In this retrospective study, we included a total of 686 subjects. The NHG1 and 3 tumors (n = 204) in the training cohort (n = 424) were used to construct a tumor-associated collagen signatures-grade model (TACS-grade model) to leverage the difference in the 5-year DFS between NHG1 and NHG3, followed by re-stratifiy NHG2 tumors into TACS-grade 2(TG2)-low and TG2-high subtypes using the learned patterns. Model generalisability was further evaluated in the validation cohort (n = 262). Our results showed that the TG2-high had worse 5-year DFS than the TG2-low, and the 5-year DFS in TG2-high was 56.0% (54.3% in the validation cohort) and 78.8% in the TG2-low (75.0% in the validation cohort) in the training cohort. The 5-year DFS of TG2-low was similar to that of NHG1, while the 5-year DFS of TG2-high was similar to that of NHG3. After integrating the collagen-related information into the NHG system, the modified NHG system (MNHG) demonstrated superior prognostic discrimination. The TACS-grade model re-stratification of NHG2 tumors offers a cost-effective promise for tumor grading and thus may improve the accuracy of clinical decision-making.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Effects of Light-Emitting Diode (LED)-Based Low-Level Light on Natural Killer Cells","authors":"Hyun Bon Kang;Woo-Chang Son;Hong-Rae Lee;Eun-Kyoung Koh;Ga-Young Park;You-Soo Park","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3619841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3619841","url":null,"abstract":"Natural killer (NK) cells have attracted considerable attention as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy, leading to research efforts aimed at enhancing their efficacy. However, despite the availability of various approaches to enhance NK cell function, there remains an urgent need for more efficient, cost-effective, and safe methods. Energy metabolism plays a critical role in the activation of NK cells. Low levels of light can influence cellular energy metabolism, thereby affecting cellular activity. In this study, we applied low-level light to human-derived NK-92 cells to investigate the changes in cellular activity induced by alterations in energy metabolism. Exposure to a 740 nm light-emitting diode (LED) at an energy density of 3 J/cm² once daily for 3 consecutive days resulted in the most significant changes in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Furthermore, NK-92 cells produced ATP in a glycolysis-dependent manner, and exposure to 740 nm light further promoted the glycolytic process. Additionally, 740 nm light stimulation prevented apoptosis in cells and enhanced the cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that LED-based low level light therapy is a viable approach for enhancing the efficacy of NK cells.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11197651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable Switching of Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum in Terahertz Metasurfaces","authors":"Jing Chen;Deguo Shi;Zongli Hu;Bin Tang","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3619128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3619128","url":null,"abstract":"Bound states in the continuum (BIC) are a special type of optical resonance with strong field confinement and minimal energy loss, making them highly attractive for photonics applications. In this work, we propose a terahertz metasurface capable of supporting both symmetry-protected BIC and quasi-BIC (q-BIC) resonances. By intentionally breaking the structural symmetry, the optical response transitions from a symmetry-protected BIC to a leaky q-BIC resonance, enabling strong light-matter interaction. Especially, integrating the phase-change material vanadium dioxide (VO₂) enables reversible, thermally driven switching between BIC and q-BIC modes via its insulator-to-metal transition. Meanwhile, a maximum modulation depth of 96% can be achieved by tuning the conductivity of VO₂. Furthermore, the high quality-factor (Q-factor) of the q-BIC mode endows the hybrid metal-VO₂ metasurface with remarkable sensing capabilities, achieving a sensitivity of 3708 GHz/RIU. This study advances the design of tunable terahertz devices, offering insights for dynamic modulators, switches, and high-performance sensors in the terahertz frequency range.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 3: Nanophotonics, Metamaterials and Plasmonics","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for Papers: Special issue on Advances in Multifunctional Optical Spectrometers","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3615368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3615368","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 5: Quantum Materials and Quantum Devices","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11196080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planar Tandem APD Array for Free Space Laser Communications Applications","authors":"Pei-Syuan Lin;Kai-Ping Wang;Chao-Chuan Kuo;Hong-Sung Liao;You-Chia Chang;Jin-Wei Shi","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3617509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3617509","url":null,"abstract":"Enlarging the active window size of the photodetector (PD) while sustaining its high-speed and high-responsivity performances is the key to achieving a high-performance photo-receiver with a large field-of-view (FoV) angle for application in a free space laser communication system. However, in the traditional PD structure, a large active area always leads to a pronounced degradation in the RC-bandwidth. Using a tandem layout for high-speed p-i-n PD arrays solves the problem, but it reduces the responsivity for high-speed and large FoV performance, as current balancing between the different p-n junctions is needed. Here, for the first time, novel tandem APD arrays are demonstrated which relax the fundamental trade-offs among window size, responsivity, and speed. Our flip-chip packaged 3 <inline-formula><tex-math>$ times $</tex-math></inline-formula> 3 arrays with a window size of 0.12 mm can simultaneously achieve a, high-responsivity (1.2 A/W), wide-bandwidth (6 GHz), and large GBP (150 GHz).","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 1: Advances in Free Space Laser Communications","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Fiber Amplifiers for Satellite Communications","authors":"Keith G. Petrillo;Justin Cook;Doruk Engin;Alex Sincore;Andrew M. Schober","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3616785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3616785","url":null,"abstract":"Optical fiber amplifiers are crucial components for medium to long range space-based optical telecommunications networks. Current systems leverage technologies from the mature terrestrial optical fiber communications industry to enable rapid development and deployment of optical links and networks. However, link dynamics, performance metrics, and environmental conditions deviate significantly from terrestrial fiber telecommunications conditions and can vary depending on the orbit. This work reviews some of the major differences between optical fiber telecommunications and satellite free-space optical communications in the context of amplifier design and presents several examples of optical amplifiers developed to support space-based networks in both on-orbit and ground station applications. We discuss differences in the waveforms, link dynamics, and environmental conditions relevant to different space-based implementations. We also describe differences between multiple amplifier types, such as ground-based booster amplifiers and low noise optical receivers as well as amplifiers designed for various space orbital altitudes. Results and demonstrations show tremendous scalability and tailorability, exemplified in amplifiers from both CubeSat compatible compact and low-power models to larger long-range amplifiers with electrical to optical efficiencies up to 20% in the 1550 nm band.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 1: Advances in Free Space Laser Communications","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Fiber Amplifier Design for Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy","authors":"Christian H. Allen;Ahmed M. Othman;Justin R. Gagnon;Teresa Buragina;Hussein Kotb;Sangeeta Murugkar","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3616654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3616654","url":null,"abstract":"Spectral focusing is a rapid, reliable, and simple method for acquiring hyperspectral coherent Raman images using chirped femtosecond lasers. Previous work has demonstrated the use of a parabolic fiber amplifier for Stokes pulse amplification, which increases the bandwidth of Stokes pulses in stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy with spectral focusing, thereby expanding the spectral range. However, determining the optimal parameters of the fiber amplifier design — such as fiber lengths, input pump power, and peak power of the input Stokes pulse being amplified — has not been explored in depth for this application. In this study, we performed numerical simulations to find the ideal fiber amplifier parameters to address this limitation. We constructed a Stokes pulse fiber amplifier (SPFA) using fiber section lengths that produced the optimal combination of high-power spectral density, spectral bandwidth, chirp rate, and chirp linearity for the amplified Stokes pulse, and verified the results empirically. We demonstrate the high-quality performance of the SRS microscope with the integrated SPFA for imaging biological samples with a spectral range increased to 400 cm⁻¹ from the typical 200 cm⁻¹ without such amplification. This work provides valuable insights and detailed analysis for those looking to build similar systems, offering important information that has not been thoroughly addressed in previous literature.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergizing Radiative Cooling and Solar Energy Harvesting","authors":"Pramit Ghosh;Md Anwar Hosen;Linxiao Zhu","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3615151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3615151","url":null,"abstract":"The sun and the cold universe are two key thermodynamic resources. While the sun has been long used as a renewable energy resource, only recently the cold universe is being exploited for radiative cooling as well as power generation. There are emerging opportunities of utilizing both the sun and the cold universe for enhanced solar energy harvesting, all-day power-generation, and simultaneous solar energy conversion and passive cooling. In this review, we provide an overview on recent efforts to synergize radiative cooling and solar energy harvesting. We discuss different strategies, their optical design, and the achieved performance. We finally provide remarks on challenges and an outlook on future directions in synergistically utilizing the cold universe and the sun.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"31 6: Photon. for Climate Chng. Mitigation and Adapt.","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monolithically Integrated Optical Through-Silicon Waveguides for 3D Chip-to-Chip Photonic Interconnects","authors":"Francesco Villasmunta;Patrick Heise;Manuela Breiter;Sigurd Schrader;Harald Schenk;Martin Regehly;Andreas Mai","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3615001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3615001","url":null,"abstract":"The scaling limitations of electrical interconnects are driving the demand for efficient optical chip-to-chip links. We report the first monolithic integration of air-clad optical through-silicon waveguides in silicon, fabricated via Bosch and cryogenic deep reactive-ion etching. Rib, single-bridge, and double-bridge designs with 50 μm cores and up to 150 μm propagation lengths have been evaluated. Cryogenic-etched rib waveguides achieve the highest median transmission (66%, −1.80 dB), compared to Bosch-etched ribs (62%, −2.08 dB). Across all geometries, 3 dB alignment windows range from 9.3 μm to 49.2 μm, with Bosch-etched double-bridge waveguides providing the broadest tolerance. We show that geometric fidelity outweighs sidewall roughness for transmission and alignment in these large-core, multimode optical through-silicon waveguides. This technology provides a scalable, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-compatible pathway toward 3D photonic interconnects.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 2: 3-D Horizons in Photonics: Integrated Circuits","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11181124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Label-Free Rapid Intelligent Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer","authors":"Han Wu;Qiuyan He;Zhihui Chen;Xuedi Mao;Guangxing Wang;Gangqin Xi;Jiajia He;Shuangmu Zhuo","doi":"10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3612470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3612470","url":null,"abstract":"The annual thyroid cancer incidence has been increasing. Thyroid cancer is categorized as a malignant neoplasm within the endocrine system. Fine-needle aspiration cytology remains the benchmark for thyroid cancer detection; however, the accuracy of the procedure depends on the practitioner’s expertise. Numerous challenges are associated with this process, such as obtaining inadequate cellular samples, mispuncturing the target lesion, and collecting nonrepresentative cell samples. These issues hinder proper cellular evaluation and increase the likelihood of misdiagnosis, ultimately impacting patient outcomes and the treatment trajectory. This research primarily aims to improve the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid cancer by introducing an innovative computer-aided diagnostic tool that leverages advanced deep learning techniques. Second-harmonic microscopy enables the fine extraction of morphological characteristics of collagen fibers within thyroid tissues, revealing significant differences in the distribution and organization of collagen fibers between normal and malignant tissues. In this study, we quantified the morphological alterations of collagen fibers by initially analyzing second-harmonic generation (SHG) images through a collagen scoring system based on feature extraction via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Model efficacy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Furthermore, we classified normal and malignant thyroid tissues in the validation cohort through three distinct deep-learning architectures (Mobile Neural Networks Version 3 (MobileNetV3), Visual Geometry Group 16(VGG16), and Pyramid Vision Transformer v2 (PVTv2) in combination with SHG image data. Overall, MobileNetV3 achieved the best classification performance (87.4%). This study <bold>provides preliminary evidence for</b> the effectiveness of deep-learning algorithms in differentiating between malignant and normal thyroid tissues. This significant advancement offers valuable technological support for detecting thyroid cancer in clinical environments and is expected to enhance both the accuracy and efficiency of diagnostic practices.","PeriodicalId":13094,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","volume":"32 4: Adv. Biophoton. in Emerg. Biomed. Tech. and Dev","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}