Wen-Hao Shen;Hai-Yue Pang;Xiang-Jie Qin;Ya-Xian Fan;Zhi-Yong Tao
{"title":"Single/Dual Wavelength Switchable Fiber Laser Based on Composite Interference Filtering","authors":"Wen-Hao Shen;Hai-Yue Pang;Xiang-Jie Qin;Ya-Xian Fan;Zhi-Yong Tao","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3601087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3601087","url":null,"abstract":"A single- and dual-wavelength switchable fiber laser based on composite interference filtering is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. By utilizing a seven-core fiber interferometer cascaded with a Sagnac loop, the linewidth of the laser output is narrowed to less than 0.02 nm, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio better than 61 dB. The laser output wavelengths can be switched between single- and dual-wavelength by adjusting the polarization controller and the pump power. The laser exhibits high stability in both wavelength and power. The proposed laser structure is simple, with high OSNR and excellent stability, making it promising for applications in optical communication, sensing, and wavelength division multiplexing systems.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 23","pages":"1345-1348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transmission of 100 Gb/s PAM4 Data Using a Low Cost Directly Modulated DFB Laser","authors":"Huan Li;Xinkai Xiong;Daibing Zhou;Dan Lu;Lingjuan Zhao;Song Liang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3600890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3600890","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we report transmissions of 100 Gb/s PAM4 data using a low-cost high bandwidth directly modulated <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.3~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m distributed feedback (DFB) laser. In the device, a passive distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) section is integrated, which leads to a 29 GHz modulation bandwidth at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$20~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C. The DFB and DBR sections of the device have the same InGaAlAs multi-quantum wells (MQWs). This simplifies the device fabrication process notably, which is similar to a conventional DFB laser. At <inline-formula> <tex-math>$20~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C, the threshold current of the device is 14 mA and the maximum optical power for the laser is larger than 16 mW. At 100 Gb/s PAM4 data modulation, clear eye diagrams have been obtained for back-to-back and up to 40 km single mode fiber transmissions.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 23","pages":"1353-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeongmoo Han;Min Woo Lee;Hyeong Soo Nam;Sunwon Kim;Dong Oh Kang;Youngeun Cho;Jin Won Kim;Hongki Yoo
{"title":"Broadband Fiber Optic Rotary Joint for Clinical Multimodal Optical Coherence Tomography","authors":"Jeongmoo Han;Min Woo Lee;Hyeong Soo Nam;Sunwon Kim;Dong Oh Kang;Youngeun Cho;Jin Won Kim;Hongki Yoo","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3601082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3601082","url":null,"abstract":"Intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a diagnostic imaging tool that provides high-resolution structural information inside arteries, which other imaging modalities cannot provide. Recently, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) has been integrated with OCT (FLIm-OCT) to enhance diagnoses of coronary artery disease by providing additional biochemical insights into atherosclerotic plaque. However, achieving high efficiency for both imaging modalities is challenging due to the broad spectral range of FLIm-OCT light sources. Here, we present a compact, free space-based multimodal fiber optical rotary joint (FORJ) designed for clinical FLIm-OCT imaging. The proposed custom-built rotary collimator, incorporating a ball lens, efficiently combines a broad spectral range from 355 nm to 1360 nm. Our compact co-axially rotating FORJ enables high-speed, stable scanning suitable for clinical applications. We successfully obtained FLIm-OCT images of human coronary arteries in vivo, successfully imaging various types of plaque.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 23","pages":"1357-1360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sparse Transfer Response-Based Incoherent OFDR With High Accuracy and Low Overhead","authors":"Lihan Wang;Jingxian Wang;Xi Liu;Haoran Wu;Wei Zhang;Yu Zhang;Yi Shao;Kaiyu Chen;Xiangchuan Wang;Shilong Pan","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3600030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3600030","url":null,"abstract":"An incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (I-OFDR) method enhanced by orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) and phase-derived ranging (PDR) is proposed to enable high-accuracy multipath delay measurement with reduced computational complexity. Unlike traditional I-OFDR systems that require continuous linear frequency sweeping, the proposed method performs sparse RF response acquisition and avoids fixed frequency interval constraints inherent in Fourier-based analysis. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves sub-picosecond-level multipath transfer delay accuracy while requiring only 10% of the frequency points needed by traditional I-OFDR methods, greatly reducing the signal processing requirement.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 22","pages":"1325-1328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanwen Zhang;Chao Tang;Zerong Hu;Yukang Xie;Baiquan Liu;Shaolin Liao;Xianbo Li
{"title":"A Fully-Integrated Adaptive Bias Circuit for DCR Regulation in Single-Photon Avalanche Diode Arrays","authors":"Hanwen Zhang;Chao Tang;Zerong Hu;Yukang Xie;Baiquan Liu;Shaolin Liao;Xianbo Li","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3600322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3600322","url":null,"abstract":"The breakdown voltage (VBD) of each single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in a large array typically varies due to process variations, leading to variations in excess bias voltage (VEX) and detection performance of SPADs across the array. In this letter, a fully-integrated adaptive bias circuit for dark count rate (DCR) regulation in SPADs is proposed, where DCR is utilized as a uniformity indicator of different SPADs, and a counter with an adjustable time window is employed to obtain the DCR of each SPAD, and DCR regulation is performed via programmable compensation current connected to the anode of each SPAD to ensure similar DCR of all SPADs. Fabricated in a standard 180 nm CMOS process, the proposed adaptive bias circuit achieves a voltage tuning range of 460 mV, which suppresses DCR variation ratio (maximum DCR / minimum DCR) from 15.2 to 4.1 among four SPADs in a macro-pixel for a target DCR of 2 kHz.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 23","pages":"1337-1340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal Effect of Acousto-Optic Frequency Shifter and Its Impact on Optical Metrology","authors":"Runmin Li;Haochen Tian;Dengfeng Dong;Yige Lin;Weihu Zhou","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3600059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3600059","url":null,"abstract":"Acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS) is the key component in optical metrology, encompassing applications such as length, velocity, and frequency measurements. The acousto-optic crystal suffers from thermal accumulation during operation, leading to significant changes in its optical and physical properties. As a result, the diffracted beam of an AOFS undergoes phase and frequency drift, degrading the measurement precision of optical metrology systems. In this letter, we evaluate the path length and optical frequency fluctuation of the <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1^{text {st}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-order diffracted beam passing through an AOFS due to thermal effect. Our experiment reveals linear correlation between both path length drift rate and frequency drift versus temperature drift rate. The measured proportionality factor are <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.791~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m/K and 1.019 Hz/K/s, respectively. Under thermal equilibrium conditions, AOFS-contributed noise floor in distance, velocity and frequency measurement are <inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim ~100$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pm at 100 ms averaging time, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.5~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m/s at 1 ms averaging time, and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.56times 10 ^{-20}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 10,000 s averaging time, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 22","pages":"1329-1332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cryogenic 1/2-λ Cavity VCSEL With 5-μm Aperture Demonstrates Record Pout = 35 mW and 140 Gbps PAM-4 Optical Link at 2.9 K","authors":"Haonan Wu;Zetai Liu;Derek Chaw;Yulin He;Milton Feng","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3598825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3598825","url":null,"abstract":"High-power and high-speed cryogenic vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with a 1/2-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> cavity and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.0~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m oxide-aperture are designed and fabricated. By strategically etching down five top p-doped DBR pairs while preserving low threshold current (I<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{mathrm {th}} =1.54$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mA), the device achieves an unprecedented output power of 35 mW and supreme linearity at 2.9 - 77 K for high-speed, power-efficient optical interconnects. The device also achieves sub-picosecond photon lifetime and bandwidth exceeding 50 GHz at 2.5 mA, enabling 140 Gb/s PAM-4 cryogenic optical interconnect.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 23","pages":"1361-1364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11124861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
KeHan Jiang;ShengLin Wang;WanLin Liu;Kun Zhou;HongYu Chai;XiaoGuang Yang;Tao Yang
{"title":"Thermally Stable High Power 1.3 μm InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Distributed Feedback Laser Arrays","authors":"KeHan Jiang;ShengLin Wang;WanLin Liu;Kun Zhou;HongYu Chai;XiaoGuang Yang;Tao Yang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3598286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3598286","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a thermally stable, high-power InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) four-channel distributed feedback (DFB) laser array featuring an ultra-narrow linewidth and low noise. Each channel of the array delivers a continuous-wave output power exceeding 34 mW and 17 mW at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$25~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$85~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C, respectively, with side-mode suppression ratios >45 dB. Furthermore, the device exhibits an ultra-narrow linewidth as low as 1.60 kHz and low relative intensity noise (RIN), with peak RIN values below −165 dB/Hz at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$50~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C. These results demonstrate the potential of QD DFB laser arrays for energy-efficient and cost-effective wavelength-division multiplexing data transmission systems in uncooled operation scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 23","pages":"1349-1352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electromagnetically Actuated Variable Optical Attenuator With Configurable Dynamic Range","authors":"Haoyue Zhang;Zixu Niu;Tao Chen;Mingyu Mei;Zhen Zhao;Jing Chen","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3598486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3598486","url":null,"abstract":"A variable optical attenuator (VOA) based on magnetically induced micro-displacement with a configurable dynamic range is proposed. The copper coil wound around the input fiber collimator, driven by precisely controlled low currents, generates a magnetic field that couples with the paired bar magnets to achieve lateral displacement, enabling continuous optical attenuation. By varying the inclination angle <inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (0-90°) of the magnet pairs relative to the horizontal plane, the system simultaneously achieves both wide-range optical attenuation and precision-tunable optical coupling efficiency. Experimental results show that within the 0–20 mA current range, adjusting the angle <inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> modifies the attenuation control precision, thereby enabling configurable dynamic ranges. Specifically, attenuation ranges of approximately 20 dB, 40 dB, and 60 dB are achieved at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha = 0^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, 45° and 90°, respectively, allowing the device to be adapted to various application scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 22","pages":"1317-1320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simple Derivation of Approximate Crosstalk Expressions for Multicore Fibers With Core-Dependent Loss","authors":"Masanori Koshiba;Kunimasa Saitoh","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3597993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3597993","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, rigorous and approximate expressions for evaluating direct crosstalk (XT), indirect XT, and backscattered XT in uncoupled multicore fibers (MCFs) with core-dependent loss (CDL) have been reported. The approximate expressions are very easy to use; however, it might be difficult to intuitively understand XT mechanisms, because the approximate expressions are derived from the rigorous expressions under some approximations. In this letter, for each of the direct XT, indirect XT, and backscattered XT in uncoupled MCFs with CDL, we derive another approximate expression on the basis of simplified coupled-power equations which can be easily solved. Compared with the previously reported approximate expressions, the newly derived approximate expressions have better approximation accuracy for large values of CDL and are sufficiently accurate for practical use.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 22","pages":"1301-1304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}