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Hybrid Pumping for Optimized Electrical Power Usage in Cladding-Pumped L-Band Amplifiers 优化覆层泵浦 L 波段放大器电功率使用的混合泵浦技术
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3512946
Hamed Rabbani;Saber Jalilpiran;Jacques Lefebvre;Sophie LaRochelle;Leslie A. Rusch
{"title":"Hybrid Pumping for Optimized Electrical Power Usage in Cladding-Pumped L-Band Amplifiers","authors":"Hamed Rabbani;Saber Jalilpiran;Jacques Lefebvre;Sophie LaRochelle;Leslie A. Rusch","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3512946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3512946","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate reducing pump power requirements in super L-band erbium/ytterbium co-doped fiber amplifiers. We examine several pump configurations and find good trade-offs in performance and power when employing a hybrid pumping scheme that combines forward 915 nm cladding-pumping with backward 1480 nm core-pumping. Using experimental measurements with hybrid pumping, we train a neural network model to predict gain and noise figure. With the fast and precise neural network model, we examine the effect on performance (gain, noise figure and total electrical power consumption) as we vary the percentage of power dedicated to cladding vs. core pumping.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"69-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Self-Starting Linear Cavity Yb:Fiber Laser
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3513415
Jinpeng Cao;Ruoao Yang;Bowei Yang;Minghe Zhao;Zhendong Chen;Qian Li;Zhigang Zhang;Meng Zhang
{"title":"A Self-Starting Linear Cavity Yb:Fiber Laser","authors":"Jinpeng Cao;Ruoao Yang;Bowei Yang;Minghe Zhao;Zhendong Chen;Qian Li;Zhigang Zhang;Meng Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3513415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3513415","url":null,"abstract":"We report a comprehensive investigation of self-starting mode-locking in linear cavity fiber lasers. Through theoretical analysis and experimental validation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of self-starting mode-locking. This is achieved by employing a compact and simple linear cavity design, along with enhanced intracavity power. Our findings reveal that the short cavity length and high nonlinearity within the laser system are critical factors in satisfying the self-starting conditions. Furthermore, we delve into the underlying principles of nonlinear polarization evolution mode-locking by examining the role of transmissivity. The resulting laser operates at a repetition rate of 736 MHz, delivering an average power of 108 mW and generating pulses with a duration of 99 fs. This compact, robust, and high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser holds significant promise for a wide range of applications.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 3","pages":"117-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fiber Microcavity Magnetic Field Vector Sensor With Temperature Compensation Using a FBG
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3509920
Guiyu Wang;Yao Wu;Xinhang Guan;Xuefeng Chen;Xiujuan Yu
{"title":"Fiber Microcavity Magnetic Field Vector Sensor With Temperature Compensation Using a FBG","authors":"Guiyu Wang;Yao Wu;Xinhang Guan;Xuefeng Chen;Xiujuan Yu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3509920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3509920","url":null,"abstract":"A magnetic fluid filled fiber microcavity magnetic field vector sensor cascaded with a FBG is proposed for simultaneous measurement of magnetic field and temperature. The microcavity Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure is formed through the splicing three sections of single-mode fibers with a large lateral offset. Due to the axial asymmetry structure, the microcavity MZI can recognize the direction change of magnetic field and realize vector sensing. The maximum sensitivity to magnetic field direction is −0.275 nm/°. Through monitoring the spectral shifts of the MZI and FBG, we can measure magnetic field and temperature simultaneously. The sensor exhibits the magnetic field and temperature sensitivities of −2.144 nm/mT in the range of 10 to 15 mT and 1.751 nm/°C in the range of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$22.5~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$55~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C. Additionally, the temperature sensitivity of FBG is 0.0098 nm/°C. The proposed fiber magnetic field vector sensor offers advantages such as high sensitivity, compact structure and easy to fabrication, making it highly promising in the applications of magnetic field sensing.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 3","pages":"121-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In-Situ Observation of Beam Aggregation in a Ho-Doped Figure-9 Spatiotemporal Mode-Locked Laser
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3512182
Jiahe Li;Yafei Meng;Fengqiu Wang
{"title":"In-Situ Observation of Beam Aggregation in a Ho-Doped Figure-9 Spatiotemporal Mode-Locked Laser","authors":"Jiahe Li;Yafei Meng;Fengqiu Wang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3512182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3512182","url":null,"abstract":"Spatiotemporal mode-locking has attracted widespread attention in recent years, because it provides an excellent platform to explore the intriguing transverse mode dynamics, an area that has not been extensively studied both theoretically or experimentally. Mode-locking induced beam aggregation is a most relevant phenomenon, as it may reveal how the spatial and temporal degrees of freedom interplay to meet the mode-locking conditions in a realistic setting. However, report on observation of this phenomenon has been scarce, and it is not yet possible to provide detailed analysis of such an effect. In this work, we investigate mode-locking induced beam aggregation in a Ho-doped Figure-9 spatiotemporal mode-locked laser. The laser is configured in a way so that the intra-cavity multimode beam profile can be characterized in an in-situ manner. We show unambiguously that it is essential to use the in-situ method, as multimode fiber output couplers may generate two beams with completely different transverse modes, therefore potentially leading to misleading interpretation of intra-cavity mode distribution. A number of beam aggregation snapshots are successfully obtained, each corresponding to a different intra-cavity mode excitation, as controlled by offset splicing. Also, our laser is the first demonstration of spatiotemporal mode-locked laser in the Ho-doped fiber band (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 2.1~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m). It is believed that the results reported here enrich the observations of mode-locking induced beam aggregation, and point to the importance of in-situ beam profile characterization in interpreting dynamics of spatiotemporal mode-locking.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"97-100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Temperature-Compensated Humidity Sensor Based on Hole-Assisted Three-Core Fiber
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3512178
Can Yang;Jing Yang;Shan Gao;Yao Bai;Guopei Mao;Zheng Zhu;Jinhui Shi;Jun Yang;Libo Yuan;Chunying Guan
{"title":"Temperature-Compensated Humidity Sensor Based on Hole-Assisted Three-Core Fiber","authors":"Can Yang;Jing Yang;Shan Gao;Yao Bai;Guopei Mao;Zheng Zhu;Jinhui Shi;Jun Yang;Libo Yuan;Chunying Guan","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3512178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3512178","url":null,"abstract":"A temperature-compensated humidity sensor based on hole-assisted three-core fiber (HATCF) has been demonstrated. The three cores of HATCF act as two in-fiber directional couplers with a common communal direct-passing arm. The simultaneous measurement of temperature and humidity is achieved by integrating the refractive index matching solution and agarose film into the two in-fiber directional couplers respectively. The measured temperature and RH sensitivities are 3.399 nm/°C and 0.043 nm/%RH, respectively. Due to the capability of temperature compensation, the proposed sensor has the potential to be used for high precision humidity measurement.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"77-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trace Back Method of the Distributed Noise in Optical Transmission Systems
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3512184
Choloong Hahn;Junho Chang;Zhiping Jiang
{"title":"Trace Back Method of the Distributed Noise in Optical Transmission Systems","authors":"Choloong Hahn;Junho Chang;Zhiping Jiang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3512184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3512184","url":null,"abstract":"Noise is an inevitable phenomenon in optical data transmission systems, significantly impacting data quality. While noise has been a disturbance that researchers have made substantial efforts to mitigate, at the same time, it is a rich source of information about the underlying system. By comprehending the noise characteristics, we can deepen our understanding of the entire system including the topologies, performances, and even dynamics. Nonetheless, a challenge persists because the only noise we encounter is the cumulative one at the receiver, making it impossible to decompose the noise contributions by their source locations without specialized physical devices in the middle of the transmission link. This letter aims to shift the perspective on noise by exploring the potential insights gained through the analysis of noise inherently embedded in signals. We propose an innovative approach that leverages the received noise to trace back distributed link noise, eliminating the need of optical monitoring devices. By regenerating local nonlinear distortions using the received signal and employing correlation-based methods, we experimentally demonstrate the local noise detection and generalized optical signal-to-noise ratio estimation with commercial transceivers.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"81-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High Sensitivity Fiber Optic Temperature Sensor Based on Tunable Laser Vernier Sampling
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3511652
Yuqiang Yang;Zhihao Huang;Yitong Li;Han Xia;Chengyu Mo;Yuting Li;Yuying Zhang
{"title":"High Sensitivity Fiber Optic Temperature Sensor Based on Tunable Laser Vernier Sampling","authors":"Yuqiang Yang;Zhihao Huang;Yitong Li;Han Xia;Chengyu Mo;Yuting Li;Yuying Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3511652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3511652","url":null,"abstract":"A high-sensitivity optical fiber temperature sensor based on the vernier sampling of tunable laser was proposed. The sensor contains only one fiber Sagnac interferometer (FSI), and the Vernier effect is achieved by controlling the sampling interval of the tunable narrow-band laser. When the wavelength sampling interval of the tunable laser is close but not equal to the free spectral range (FSR) of the FSI, the spectrum received by the optical power meter will be the envelope generated by the Vernier effect. The experimental results show that for the FSI with an FSR of 2.47 nm, when the sampling interval of 2.78 nm, which is slightly greater than the FSR of the FSI, is selected, an interference spectrum envelope is obtained, and its temperature sensitivity is about 9.1 times that of the FSI. The results prove that vernier sampling is feasible to improve the sensitivity of a single FSI, and its advantage is that the sampling interval can be flexibly controlled to achieve different sensitivity magnifications.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"93-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optical Prediction Based on Less Selectively-Labeled Samples and Cross-Semi-Supervised Learning 基于较少选择性标记样本和交叉半监督学习的光学预测
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3511271
Ming Zeng;Feng Zhao;Xianghui Wang;Shutong Zhong;Liang Mao
{"title":"Optical Prediction Based on Less Selectively-Labeled Samples and Cross-Semi-Supervised Learning","authors":"Ming Zeng;Feng Zhao;Xianghui Wang;Shutong Zhong;Liang Mao","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3511271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3511271","url":null,"abstract":"A large amount of labeled data is usually utilized to fully training forward prediction models, which results in a heavy labeling burden. Here, under constrained annotation resources, a scheme combining less selectively-labeled samples with cross-semi-supervised learning is proposed to accurately predict directional scattering from nanostructures. It is found that when only one-third dataset are labeled by numerical simulation, the prediction accuracy in this scheme is comparable to that of the conventional method based on fully-labeled data. Our findings greatly reduce the labeling cost for deep learning tasks in the field of nanophotonics and provide a new way to efficiently utilize limited data resources.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"61-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A TCN Based Data-Driven Method Combined With TL for Modeling in Experimental IM-DD System
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3510713
Tianqian Zhang;Wu Liu;Zhiyi Zhong;Han Li;Yuhan Gong;Qingyu He;Ming Luo;Shouyin Liu
{"title":"A TCN Based Data-Driven Method Combined With TL for Modeling in Experimental IM-DD System","authors":"Tianqian Zhang;Wu Liu;Zhiyi Zhong;Han Li;Yuhan Gong;Qingyu He;Ming Luo;Shouyin Liu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3510713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3510713","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate modeling of fiber channel is crucial for the design and optimization in optical fiber communication systems. This study proposes a data-driven approach to model the end-to-end channel in an intensity modulation-direct detection (IM-DD) system. The method utilizes temporal convolutional network (TCN) to capture the attenuation, chromatic dispersion (CD), and nonlinear characteristics of the end-to-end channel under six different transmission distances and four launch powers for pulse amplitude modulation 4 (PAM4) signals. We experimentally evaluate the generalization capability of trained model in another two launch powers, and obtain an average normalized mean square error (MSE) of 0.0131. Furthermore, we apply transfer learning (TL) technology with our model for PAM4 signals in strong nonlinearity and high-level formats of PAM8 signals, acquiring the average normalized MSEs of 0.0133 and 0.016 with 85% and 70% epochs of initial training reduction, respectively. The experiments demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"105-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A DSP-Assisted IF-Over-Fiber System With Extreme Learning Machine-Based Linearization 基于极端学习机线性化的 DSP 辅助中频光纤系统
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3511135
Luis Carlos Vieira
{"title":"A DSP-Assisted IF-Over-Fiber System With Extreme Learning Machine-Based Linearization","authors":"Luis Carlos Vieira","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3511135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3511135","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a densely allocated DSP-supported intermediate-frequency-over-fiber (IFoF) system with real-value single-hidden layer feedforward network (SLFN) post-equalization. The SLFN is trained using downsampled multichannel training signals (DMTSs) and the extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm. The transmission of multichannel orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based IF signals over a 12.4-km direct-detection optical link is demonstrated, achieving adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) improvements of up to 10 dB and significant reductions in error vector magnitude (EVM) due to the ELM-SLFN linearization scheme.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"65-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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