Yuwei Jian;Wufei Zhou;Wenping Zhong;Jinxin Li;Ruiqi Zheng;Jingxu Chen;Lingzhi Li;Jiejun Zhang;Jianping Yao
{"title":"kHz-Resolution Frequency Measurement Based on Selective High-Order Modes in a Micro-Resonator","authors":"Yuwei Jian;Wufei Zhou;Wenping Zhong;Jinxin Li;Ruiqi Zheng;Jingxu Chen;Lingzhi Li;Jiejun Zhang;Jianping Yao","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3580637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3580637","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a photonic microwave frequency measurement system with kHz resolution for the instantaneous measurement of the Doppler frequency shift (DFS)of a moving object. By joint use of an optical frequency comb (OFC) generator implemented by cascading an intensity modulator (IM) and a phase modulator (PM) and a high-Q metal-coated micro-disk resonator (MDR), an ultra-sensitive amplitude comparison function (ACF) for frequency-to-power mapping is established, which enables ultra-high sensitivity frequency measurement. The proposed technique is experimentally demonstrated. A Doppler signal is applied to the two modulators to generate multiple sidebands corresponding to an optical comb. By aligning the ±3-rd order sidebands with the steep slopes of two adjacent notches of the metal-coated MDR, an ACF is obtained. A frequency measurement sensitivity of 2.28 dB/MHz is experimentally achieved. With a power measurement resolution of 0.01 dB, the frequency measurement resolution is 4.37 kHz, which is the highest ever reported based on photonic techniques. It enables Doppler frequency shift measurement for an object moving at speeds between 40.34 to 1384 m/s.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 18","pages":"1037-1040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Galib Reza;Lakshmi Narayanan Venkatasubramani;Vladimir S. Mikhrin;Alexey Gubenko;Liam P. Barry
{"title":"Bidirectional 100G/150G Amplified Transmission With a QD-SOA for Future Passive Optical Networks","authors":"Ahmed Galib Reza;Lakshmi Narayanan Venkatasubramani;Vladimir S. Mikhrin;Alexey Gubenko;Liam P. Barry","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3580280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3580280","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates optically amplified bidirectional transmission with a quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier for next-generation 100G passive optical networks. We experimentally demonstrate 100/150 Gbit/s uplink/downlink bidirectional PAM-4 transmissions employing a quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier in the remote node of an optical access network. After 20 km optically amplified transmission, we attain the uplink/downlink power budgets of 32.3 dB/29 dB at the HD-LDPC bit error ratio decision threshold of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{mathrm {-2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with an overhead of 15.5%, satisfying the power budget requirements of a legacy passive optical network with net (gross) achievable uplink/downlink data rates of 84.4/126.7 (100/150) Gbit/s, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 18","pages":"1029-1032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11037425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Responsivity Semimetal Terahertz Detectors Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Effect","authors":"Rui Su;Chenwei Zhang;Binbin Hong;Faxian Xiu;Mingjun Xia","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3579884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3579884","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we demonstrate a novel silicon dual microdisk Cd3As2 terahertz detector. The introduction of the silicon dual microdisk structure brings the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, significantly enhancing the responsivity of the semimetal terahertz detector. The fabricated Cd3As2 terahertz detector, with parameters optimized through simulation, exhibits a responsivity of 0.6791A/W under broadband terahertz irradiation spanning from 0.26THz to 0.4THz. This approach provides an innovative strategy for improving the performance of detectors in the low-frequency terahertz range and promotes the research of semimetal-based terahertz detectors.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 17","pages":"993-996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bastian Dommermuth;Ulrich Witte;Anne Balck;Michael Bay
{"title":"Emitter-Resolved Characterization of High-Power Diode Laser Bars at Operating Point and Below Threshold","authors":"Bastian Dommermuth;Ulrich Witte;Anne Balck;Michael Bay","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3579859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3579859","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we report on a novel measurement setup for emitter resolved characterization of polarization, optical output power, wavelength, and slow-axis intensity distribution of high-power diode laser bars. Our setup enables the emitter-resolved characterization in a range starting from below the laser threshold reaching up to several 100 amps correlating to operating power of the state-of-the-art generation of diode laser bars, which possess a power output of several 100 watts. In contrast to previous works, the properties are determined directly from the laser radiation during operation, which enables us to directly correlate the emitter-resolved power and polarization distribution. In addition to the reduction in degree of polarization towards the edge emitters, we demonstrate a disparity in power distribution among the edge emitters at operating output power in comparison to operation below the laser threshold. To distinguish between thermal and stress-induced effects, we operate the diode laser bar both in cw- and pulsed mode. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the effects of mechanical stress on the performance and degree of polarization of the edge emitters at operating power are identified.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 18","pages":"1045-1048"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single Pixel Optical Encryption in Atmospheric Turbulence","authors":"Yin Cheng;Jun Ke;Yusen Liao","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3579541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3579541","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric turbulence causes random distortions in optical signals transmitted through the air. This paper proposes a method to improve image recovery using a single-pixel detector and a deep learning network designed to reduce turbulence effects in optical communication. Hadamard patterns are used to encrypt light from a target into ciphertext, which is measured by the single-pixel detector. Differential calculations then retrieve a degraded image after decryption. To enhance image quality, we incorporate a channel attention mechanism in the DeepRFTECA network for better feature fusion and use a ResFFT-Conv block to effectively integrate residual information. This approach ensures secure transmission and high-quality image recovery, demonstrated with remote sensing data and optical experiments.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 18","pages":"1061-1064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaomin Fu;Weijie Ding;Linlin Fan;Ruixin Yang;Juanfen Wang;Yuxin Bai;Lingzhen Yang
{"title":"High-Sensitivity Strain Sensor Using Chaotic Correlation FLRD With Weak Fiber Bragg Grating","authors":"Xiaomin Fu;Weijie Ding;Linlin Fan;Ruixin Yang;Juanfen Wang;Yuxin Bai;Lingzhen Yang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3579495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3579495","url":null,"abstract":"A weak fiber Bragg grating is used as the sensing element. The relationship between the ring down time of autocorrelation curves of the chaotic laser and the wavelength shift of the FBG caused by strain is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The effect of strain on the central wavelength of the FBG is characterized by the ring down time of autocorrelation curve of the reflected and transmitted signals of the fiber loop cavity. The reflected signal achieves a maximal sensitivity of 0.67731 ns/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the 0-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$100mu varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 500-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$600mu varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ranges, where spectral interaction is weak, while the transmitted signal provides a maximal sensitivity of 0.1093 ns/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the 100-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$500mu varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> range. With an 8.2 m fiber loop cavity, this dual-signal method significantly extends the measurement range while maintaining high sensitivity throughout the detection range.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 18","pages":"1065-1068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visible Light Positioning Using a Single LED and a Single Rotatable Photodetector","authors":"Hanyang Shi;Caiyi Wang;Yan Zhao","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3578979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3578979","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate an indoor VLP system consisting of a single LED and a single rotatable photodetector (PD) based on the received signal strength (Liu et al., 2022). Based on the VLP system, we propose a least-square (LS) positioning algorithm. In order to analyse the influence of rod length and each rotation angle on the positioning accuracy, the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on the positioning error of the VLP system is derived. We take advantage of the derived CRLB to choose the appropriate rod length and each rotation angle. In our VLP system, we only need to rotate the PD 4 times to achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy. Simulation and practical experiment results show that in terms of positioning accuracy and receiver rotation times, our VLP system is significantly superior to the VLP system (Liu et al., 2022). Moreover, there is no positioning blind spots in our VLP system.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 18","pages":"1033-1036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hua Xiao;Mingxin Liu;Kishwar Khan;Wensong Wang;Caiming Sun
{"title":"Quantum Dot-Based Visible Light Communication System for Microalgal Density Analysis","authors":"Hua Xiao;Mingxin Liu;Kishwar Khan;Wensong Wang;Caiming Sun","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3578611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3578611","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents a visible light communication (VLC) system integrated with quantum dots (QDs), which utilizes light emissions across the blue, green, yellow, and red spectra to assess microalgal density under various conditions. The bit error rate (BER) of the VLC system serves as an intermediary metric to determine microalgal density by analyzing the linear and nonlinear trends of BERs under different data rates and light colors. The maximum average accuracies achieved for <italic>E. marina</i> and <italic>I. galbana</i> samples are 0.97 and 0.98, respectively, when using blue and yellow light. The proposed method offers high feasibility and flexible color options for microalgal density assessment, with potential applications in smart microalgae cultivation and marine environmental monitoring.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 17","pages":"1001-1004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Order Modes Assisted Ultra-Long Silicon Multimode Waveguide Grating Antennas","authors":"Zhipeng Ma;Kang Li;Yu Zhang;Jian Wang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3578641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3578641","url":null,"abstract":"Waveguide grating antennas (WGAs) are key transmitting components for integrated optical phased arrays (OPAs). However, the typical WGAs in 220 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform suffer from high perturbation loss for TE<sub>0</sub> mode. In this letter, we experimentally demonstrated two ultra-long silicon multimode WGAs by TE<sub>1</sub> and TM<sub>1</sub> modes. We also fabricated two high-performance mode (de)multiplexers for generating TE<sub>1</sub> and TM<sub>1</sub> modes input. The optimized TE<sub>1</sub>-WGA and TM<sub>1</sub>-WGA losses are 3.58 dB/mm and 1.10 dB/mm at 1550 nm wavelength, while the measured losses are as low as 3.22 dB/mm and 1.59 dB/mm. The corresponding beam divergences with 3 mm antenna lengths are 0.0286° and 0.0267° at 1550 nm wavelength, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of high-order mode multiplexed WGAs.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 17","pages":"1005-1008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Resolution Prism/(TiO2/SiO2)3/MoSe2 Bloch Surface Wave Biosensor Based on Bragg Structure","authors":"Moamen Shahbazi;Keyhan Hosseini;Mohammad Razaghi","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3578543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3578543","url":null,"abstract":"A dielectric Bragg structure is utilized based on a one-dimensional photonic crystal of alternating TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> layers as a sensor. MoSe<sub>2</sub> termination layer is exploited to excite a Bloch surface wave (BSW) at its interface with the analyte. The light source excites the biosensor through a MgF<sub>2</sub> prism at a wavelength of 1100 nm. The proposed biosensor operates based on the variation of the resonance angle due to changes in the refractive index of the biological material, i.e. from 1.33 to 1.34. For ten MoSe<sub>2</sub> monolayers, the detection sensitivity is obtained as 287 (°/RIU) with a linear regression coefficient of 0.9953. Correspondingly, the maximum and average values of the figure of merit (FoM) amount to 7316 and 6913(1/RIU), respectively. By decreasing the number of monolayers, the linearity improves and the FoM increases remarkably at the cost of a reduction in the average sensitivity. Such large FoMs provide ultra-high resolutions to distinguish between analytes with very close refractive indices. This is useful in detecting slight changes in the cell concentrations within a host medium. No grating is used in the proposed sensor, which simplifies the fabrication process.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 17","pages":"985-988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}