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Polarimetric Observables Visualize Depolaring Targets in Sea-Surface Environments 在海面环境中极化观测显示去极化目标
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3562906
Duoshuang Ma;Xiaopeng Gao;Tiancheng Wang;Zhongyi Guo
{"title":"Polarimetric Observables Visualize Depolaring Targets in Sea-Surface Environments","authors":"Duoshuang Ma;Xiaopeng Gao;Tiancheng Wang;Zhongyi Guo","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3562906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3562906","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we propose to study and visualize targets in sea-surface environments using polarimetric observables. To do so, we simulated a sea-surface condition to obtain corresponding results. In particular, a photon-tracking theoretical model is developed to represent the interaction between photons and targets in complex marine environments (changing number density and size distribution of water droplets and bubbles). Moreover, with the assistance of Monte Carlo algorithm, the developed photon-tracking model is able to illustrate the polarimetric characteristics in the detectors with high accuracy. To comprehensively analyze the obtained polarimetric characteristics of depolarizing samples changing with the marine environment, the different polarimetric observables are employed to characterize the depolarizing samples from a variety of perspectives, as well as the corresponding images by different polarimetric observables are illustrated. The relevant results demonstrate the proposed method can analyze the physical characteristics and provide a significant way to ocean target detection.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 13","pages":"717-720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robust Frequency Offset Estimation for Coherent DSCM Systems Under Severe Bandwidth Limitation 严重带宽限制下相干DSCM系统的鲁棒频偏估计
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3563101
Yongchao Jin;Yanfu Yang;Qian Xiang;Siyu Gong;Chen Cheng;Linsheng Fan;Tianjian Zuo
{"title":"Robust Frequency Offset Estimation for Coherent DSCM Systems Under Severe Bandwidth Limitation","authors":"Yongchao Jin;Yanfu Yang;Qian Xiang;Siyu Gong;Chen Cheng;Linsheng Fan;Tianjian Zuo","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3563101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3563101","url":null,"abstract":"Since digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM) signals require frequency offset estimation (FOE) and compensation before demultiplexing, we propose a robust FOE scheme for DSCM systems that estimates the frequency offset (FO) by calculating the magnitude sum of spectral components within a specified range centered at zero frequency. The scheme remains effective even under severe bandwidth limitation conditions. The experimental results show that with FFT sizes of 2048, the maximum FOE errors are 119 MHz, 123 MHz, and 87MHz for the 4, 6, and 8 subcarrier DSCM signals, respectively. Additionally, the cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of the FOE error less than 50 MHz are 0.79, 0.81, and 0.82, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed scheme demonstrates stable performance across a wide range of FO and received optical power (ROP). Therefore, the proposed scheme can achieve high FOE accuracy in the presence of severe bandwidth limitation for coherent DSCM systems.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 14","pages":"769-772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of Dielectric Insulation and Protection Layers on 233 nm Far-UVC LEDs 介质绝缘和保护层对233nm远紫外线led的影响
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3562622
Hyun Kyong Cho;Jens Rass;Jan Ruschel;Ina Ostermay;Ali Koyucuoglu;Jos E. Boschker;Tim Kolbe;Sven Einfeldt
{"title":"Impact of Dielectric Insulation and Protection Layers on 233 nm Far-UVC LEDs","authors":"Hyun Kyong Cho;Jens Rass;Jan Ruschel;Ina Ostermay;Ali Koyucuoglu;Jos E. Boschker;Tim Kolbe;Sven Einfeldt","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3562622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3562622","url":null,"abstract":"This letter investigates the effect of dielectric insulation or protection layers such as SiO<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{mathbf {2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and SiN<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{mathbf {x}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> on the performance and reliability of 233 nm far-UVC LEDs. The study includes the effect of n-contact annealing of chips with these layers. Results show that introducing a protection of the p-GaN surface and mesa edges by SiO<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{mathbf {2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and combining it with an insulation by SiN<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{mathbf {x}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> enhances the device performance. LEDs with a SiO<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{mathbf {2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> protection layer that undergoes an n-contact annealing at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$700~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C offer minimum leakage and degradation.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 15","pages":"829-832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prediction of Transmission Spectrum From Photonic Energy Band via Autoencoder Network 基于自编码器网络的光子能带传输谱预测
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3562386
Wenqin Mo;Yaling Zhu;Yuanxing Yin;Kaifeng Dong;Fang Jin;Junlei Song
{"title":"Prediction of Transmission Spectrum From Photonic Energy Band via Autoencoder Network","authors":"Wenqin Mo;Yaling Zhu;Yuanxing Yin;Kaifeng Dong;Fang Jin;Junlei Song","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3562386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3562386","url":null,"abstract":"Optical topological insulators, as an emerging type of photonic material, present substantial benefits for optical communication. The advanced pattern recognition capabilities of deep learning have propelled the inverse design of topological photonic structures into a hot area of research. However, existing methods encounter difficulties with the analysis of intricate band structures. Therefore, we construct a deep learning model capable of handling two-dimensional data of photonic energy band. Utilizing an autoencoder network, our model indirectly trains the photonic energy band and transmission spectrum, by converting them into feature coding. It integrates a transmission spectrum autoencoder and a photonic energy band autoencoder, processing energy band data to predict the corresponding transmission spectrum. The results indicate that compared to convolutional neural network (CNN), our model can accurately predict transmission spectrum, and perform better on both evaluation metrics of RMSE and R<sup>2</sup>. This work enhances prediction accuracy by leveraging energy band diagrams to constrain optical properties.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 13","pages":"737-740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermal Lens Manipulation Using Edge-Heaters in Laser Bars for Improved Efficiency and Divergence 热透镜操作使用边缘加热器的激光棒，以提高效率和发散
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3558758
Md. Jarez Miah;Anisuzzaman Boni;Dominik Martin;Arnim Ginolas;Mohamed Elattar;Pietro Della Casa;Stefan Grützner;Stephan Strohmaier;Andrea Knigge;Günther Tränkle;Paul Crump
{"title":"Thermal Lens Manipulation Using Edge-Heaters in Laser Bars for Improved Efficiency and Divergence","authors":"Md. Jarez Miah;Anisuzzaman Boni;Dominik Martin;Arnim Ginolas;Mohamed Elattar;Pietro Della Casa;Stefan Grützner;Stephan Strohmaier;Andrea Knigge;Günther Tränkle;Paul Crump","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3558758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3558758","url":null,"abstract":"We present here an approach to flattening the lateral thermal lens that develops in kW-class semiconductor laser bars consisting of multiple broad-area emitters and is responsible for limiting the power, conversion efficiency and beam quality of the bars. Simulation results show that by increasing heat at the edge-emitters of the bars, thermal lens can be diminished. With an experiment on single-emitters, we demonstrated that the required heat in the edge-emitters can be achieved by shortening their pump length. Following these studies, we fabricated 1-cm wide bars containing 37 emitters, each with a 186-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m-wide stripe and a 4-mm-long resonator. In contrast to the baseline bars with equally and fully pumped emitters, the best-designed bars with an optimum (shorter) pump length only in the edge-emitters yield a 5%-points higher conversion efficiency, and an improved beam quality, narrowing the lateral beam divergence at 95% power content by over 10% at 0.8 kW power.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 9","pages":"545-548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Survey: RTE Solutions for Underwater Optical Communications 水下光通信RTE解决方案综述
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3561888
Yunlong Li;Xiang Yi;Zhuoqi Chen;Peng Yue
{"title":"A Survey: RTE Solutions for Underwater Optical Communications","authors":"Yunlong Li;Xiang Yi;Zhuoqi Chen;Peng Yue","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3561888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3561888","url":null,"abstract":"The Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) is essential for solving the spatial distribution of light energy. It plays a crucial role in the link budget analysis of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication (UWOC). However, due to its complex integro-differential form, obtaining an exact solution is extremely challenging. This letter provides a systematic overview and comparison of key RTE solution strategies in case of UWOC scenario—including the Monte Carlo Method (MCM), Beer-Lambert Method (BLM), Beam Spread Function (BSF), Finite Element Method (FEM), and others—and analyzes how each approach balances accuracy, computational efficiency, and ease of implementation. Results show that MCM, though computationally intensive, to best match the three-dimensional spatial configuration of practical UWOC systems. BLM, while simplest, loses accuracy in turbid conditions. BSF partially corrects for scattering but yields only modest gains over BLM, and FEM struggles at longer ranges due to discretization. These findings help guide method selection for reliable estimation UWOC system power budget.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 12","pages":"675-678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Large Fabrication Tolerance Transverse Electric-Pass Polarizer on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Platform 铌酸锂薄膜平台大制造公差横向电通偏振器
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3561779
R. Wang;X. Liu;J. Tang;T. Chu
{"title":"Large Fabrication Tolerance Transverse Electric-Pass Polarizer on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Platform","authors":"R. Wang;X. Liu;J. Tang;T. Chu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3561779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3561779","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the different transmission losses of transverse electric(TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes of light passing through a bent waveguide, this study experimentally demonstrates a TE-pass polarizer with low loss and a high fabrication tolerance for the waveguide width. Fabricated on a thin-film lithium niobate platform using 350 nm i-line lithography, the polarizer exhibits an insertion loss of <1>13 dB (18.5 dB on average) within the O-band. These characteristics can be maintained even with waveguide width variations between -200 and +200 nm.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 13","pages":"721-724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimization of an Integrated Sensing and Lighting System Based on RGB-LEDs 基于rgb - led的传感与照明集成系统的优化
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3562129
Nuo Huang;Ziye Wei;Weijie Liu;Chen Gong;Zhengyuan Xu
{"title":"Optimization of an Integrated Sensing and Lighting System Based on RGB-LEDs","authors":"Nuo Huang;Ziye Wei;Weijie Liu;Chen Gong;Zhengyuan Xu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3562129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3562129","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, an integrated sensing and lighting (ISAL) system is proposed utilizing commercial red, green, and blue light-emitting diodes (RGB-LEDs), where the B-LED and G-LED operate continuously in the direct-current mode for lighting, while the R-LED alternates between the lighting and sensing modes in a time-division manner. An optimization problem regarding the optical powers and sensing duration is formulated to maximize the detection probability under the lighting constraints. Based on the analysis of the optimality conditions, the original optimization problem involving four parameters is simplified as an optimization problem with respect to a single parameter. The optimal solution can be readily obtained by utilizing the unimodal property of the objective function. Experimental results verify that the detection probability of the optimized scheme is significantly increased compared to the unoptimized schemes.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 13","pages":"709-712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of Inter-Core Loss and Gain Equalization on Transmission Performance in Multi-Core Systems 核间损耗和增益均衡对多核系统传输性能的影响
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3562016
Lutz Rapp;Benedikt Beck;André Sandmann;Bernhard Schmauss
{"title":"Impact of Inter-Core Loss and Gain Equalization on Transmission Performance in Multi-Core Systems","authors":"Lutz Rapp;Benedikt Beck;André Sandmann;Bernhard Schmauss","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3562016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3562016","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid pumping schemes allow for equalizing transmission performance across the cores of a multi-core fiber based transmission system in the presence of fiber loss variations between the cores and core-dependent gain of the involved multi-mode pumped optical amplifiers. Power equalization by distributed Raman amplification comes with improved noise characteristics, but leads to reduced signal-to-interference ratio due to increased crosstalk. In an experimental setup, compensating loss in the outer cores of a 50km long trench-assisted 7-core fiber with this approach is shown to lead to an OSNR penalty increase by around 30% in the center core.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 13","pages":"713-716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Accurate Method for Refractive Index Measurement of PDMS Using a DOE Beam Splitter 用DOE分束器精确测量PDMS折射率的方法
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3561715
Xingang Dai;Bowen Niu;Yanjun Hu;Qun Dai;Yu Ao;Guofang Fan
{"title":"An Accurate Method for Refractive Index Measurement of PDMS Using a DOE Beam Splitter","authors":"Xingang Dai;Bowen Niu;Yanjun Hu;Qun Dai;Yu Ao;Guofang Fan","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3561715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3561715","url":null,"abstract":"Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used in optical devices due to its high transparency, biocompatibility, chemical inertness and easy fabrication. Accurate measurement of the PDMS refractive index (RI) is critical for optical applications. In this study, a simple, accurate and reliable method is proposed for measuring the RI of PDMS, which leverages diffractive optical element (DOE) to determine the RI of PDMS by analyzing the uniformity of DOE filled with PDMS. The uniformity of the DOE beam splitter directly depends on the RI difference between the DOE material and filling material. The <inline-formula> <tex-math>$3times 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$3times 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$3times 7$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5times 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> DOE beam splitters are designed using the Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm (IFTA) and fabricated through one-step fabrication for RI measurement of PDMS. The RI of PDMS measured using the proposed method shows a mean n<sub>PDMS</sub> of 1.3826 at 1550 nm with a standard deviation of 0.001, which represents a 12-fold improvement compared to the standard deviation of 0.012 from a mean n<sub>PDMS</sub> of 1.3934 measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). This method demonstrates high accuracy and reliability, which can measure the RI of any unknown transparent material compatible with spin-coated or poured on a fabricated DOE beam splitter.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 13","pages":"705-708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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