{"title":"Thermal Lens Manipulation Using Edge-Heaters in Laser Bars for Improved Efficiency and Divergence","authors":"Md. Jarez Miah;Anisuzzaman Boni;Dominik Martin;Arnim Ginolas;Mohamed Elattar;Pietro Della Casa;Stefan Grützner;Stephan Strohmaier;Andrea Knigge;Günther Tränkle;Paul Crump","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3558758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3558758","url":null,"abstract":"We present here an approach to flattening the lateral thermal lens that develops in kW-class semiconductor laser bars consisting of multiple broad-area emitters and is responsible for limiting the power, conversion efficiency and beam quality of the bars. Simulation results show that by increasing heat at the edge-emitters of the bars, thermal lens can be diminished. With an experiment on single-emitters, we demonstrated that the required heat in the edge-emitters can be achieved by shortening their pump length. Following these studies, we fabricated 1-cm wide bars containing 37 emitters, each with a 186-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m-wide stripe and a 4-mm-long resonator. In contrast to the baseline bars with equally and fully pumped emitters, the best-designed bars with an optimum (shorter) pump length only in the edge-emitters yield a 5%-points higher conversion efficiency, and an improved beam quality, narrowing the lateral beam divergence at 95% power content by over 10% at 0.8 kW power.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 9","pages":"545-548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laser Swept-Frequency Feedback Interferometry for Three-Dimensional Displacement Measurement","authors":"Ruiqian Sun;Qinyu Li;Jie Shan;Wei Xia;Dongmei Guo","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3560651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3560651","url":null,"abstract":"Laser feedback interference occurs when the output of a laser is reflected or scattered back to the laser cavity by a remote target, mixing with the light inside the cavity. This letter designs a laser swept-frequency feedback interferometer (LFI) for measuring three-dimensional (3D) displacement. By combining a reflective two-dimensional (2D) crossed grating with a laser feedback interferometer, the measurement system employs the grating pitch as the measurement scale rather than the wavelength, offering improved resistance to environmental disturbances. By introducing the optical frequency-modulated continuous-wave technique inspired by radar, the measurement system can perform real-time 3D displacement measurements using only a single laser source. Experimental results indicate that the relative error of 3D displacement measurement using this method is less than 0.42%, while achieving nanometer-level resolution. The proposed optical structure offers the benefits of simplicity, robustness, and cost-effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 9","pages":"549-552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Broadband On-Chip Three Mode (De) Multiplexer Using SWG-Asymmetric Adiabatic Coupling","authors":"Rajarshi Guchhait;Shamsul Hassan;Devendra Chack;Gaurav Kumar","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3556783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3556783","url":null,"abstract":"A broadband and ultracompact on-chip three-mode (de)multiplexer has been designed and demonstrated experimentally using a subwavelength grating-assisted asymmetric adiabatic coupler on the silicon-on-insulator platform. The device supports the (de)multiplexing of TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes for a broad bandwidth of 145 nm. The proposed device has a compact footprint of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim ~5times 62~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m2. The fabricated device has a crosstalk of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$lt -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB and insertion loss of <2.6 dB for wavelengths 1530 - 1675 nm (C-L-U band). The proposed three-mode (de)multiplexer is beneficial for mode division multiplexing and can be used for bandwidth enhancement in photonic network-on-chip systems.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 8","pages":"497-500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Chen;Lei Zhang;Qibing Wang;Xu Zhang;Siyue Jin;Jie Luo;Lei Wang;Zhixue He
{"title":"Performance-Enhanced Digital Mobile Fronthaul Based on Long-Span Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Fiber","authors":"Hui Chen;Lei Zhang;Qibing Wang;Xu Zhang;Siyue Jin;Jie Luo;Lei Wang;Zhixue He","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3556731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3556731","url":null,"abstract":"We present the first experimental demonstration of a performance-enhanced delta-sigma modulated digital mobile fronthaul (MFH) architecture using long-span hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HCF). By utilizing high baud rate four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) with intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD), 2-bit delta-sigma modulation (DSM) quantization enables the transmission of high-order 1024/4096-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) based discrete multi-tone (DMT) signal over 11 km and 20 km of HCF in the C-band, meeting the fronthaul error vector magnitude (EVM) thresholds of 2.5% and 1.29%, respectively. Compared with conventional standard single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission, HCF based transmission achieves more than two-fold capacity enhancement while maintaining simplified digital signal processing (DSP), providing a promising solution for future MFH architecture.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 9","pages":"508-511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wangheng Pan;Zongwen Li;Anran Wang;Pengfei Zhao;Hu Chen;Zhixiang Zhang;Yi Shi;Yang Xu;Fengqiu Wang
{"title":"Bandwidth Characteristics of a Graphene/Silicon Schottky-Junction Photodetector","authors":"Wangheng Pan;Zongwen Li;Anran Wang;Pengfei Zhao;Hu Chen;Zhixiang Zhang;Yi Shi;Yang Xu;Fengqiu Wang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3556025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3556025","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene/silicon (Gr/Si) heterostructure has emerged as a promising approach for high-performance broadband photodetectors. However, it is often the case that devices of similar structures exhibit bandwidths that differ by orders of magnitude. Moreover, the relatively large photosensitive area combined with multiple operation modes make it imperative to understand the in-plane bandwidth characteristics of such devices. Here, we conducted a thorough investigation of the in-plane bandwidth distribution and the focal-condition-dependent bandwidth characteristics in an exemplar Gr/Si Schottky-junction photodetector with a large lateral dimension (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 640~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m). It is found that the bandwidth as deduced by the 0.35/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$tau _{mathrm {FWHM}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> method can better depict the high-frequency transient response of the device than the more conventional S21 bandwidth. Additionally, influence of illumination area and excitation power density on the response time has been characterized. Our study helps clarify two commonly used bandwidth figures of merit, and suggests that more analysis of the in-plane bandwidth characteristics may lead to updated design guidelines for photosensitive devices.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 8","pages":"485-488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Power Near Flat-Top Distributed Ultraviolet 330 nm Laser for Photochemical Synthesis","authors":"Qian Ti;Fei Yang;Huan Wang;Da-Fu Cui;Chuan Guo;Qi Bian;Chen Wang;Yong Bo;Qin-Jun Peng","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3556005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3556005","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a 10-watt level nanosecond pulse ultraviolet (UV) 330 nm laser from a two-stage cascaded second harmonic generation (SHG) of 1319 nm Nd:YAG laser. The diode-side-pumped Nd:YAG oscillator at 1319 nm is operated in the Q-switched macro/micro pulse regime, which is beneficial for increasing the average output power of the fundamental wave. In order to further scale the 330 nm output power, two LBO crystals rotated by 180° are employed to compensate for the spatial walk-off effect in the second-stage SHG configuration. Consequently, a record-high average output power of 11.9 W at 330 nm is achieved with total nonlinear conversion efficiency up to 33.1% from infrared to UV. Moreover, the UV circular beam with Gaussian spatial mode is homogenized and reshaped by two pairs of orthogonal cylindrical microlens arrays. Then, a near flat-top distributed square beam with adjustable spot size is realized, which helps to avoid absorption saturation and improve the reaction efficiency in photochemical synthesis.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 9","pages":"516-519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimized Quantum Random Number Generator for Single Photon LiDAR Interference Suppression","authors":"Yicheng Wang;Xing Yang;Hao Pan;Yunhui Guo;Lei Zuo;Yuwei Chen","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3555856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3555856","url":null,"abstract":"Single photon light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have been facing serious issues of light interference and optical attacks. Random modulation of transmitted laser can effectively suppress interference and counter attacks. Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) based on single photon detection of LiDAR has become an important solution for generating true random numbers. The performance of traditional QRNG based on the parity of counting values of photon events (CntOE-QRNG) is poor under low photon event rate. This letter proposes a novel QRNG method based on parity discrimination of photon event interval (IntOE-QRNG). It is proved that the IntOE-QRNG has more advantages under the condition of low photon event rate. Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods, this letter finally proposes an optimized QRNG that combines these two methods to adapt to different photon event rate conditions.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 9","pages":"512-515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In-Sensor Convolutional Computation Based on Retina-Inspired Infrared Photodetector Array","authors":"Hongyi Lin;Xinyu Ma;Xiaoyong Jiang;Xiangyang Shi;Minxia Xu;Yutong Li;Siyu Long;Yi Dong;Qing Li;Ting He;Fang Zhong;Ning Li;Wei Lu;Weida Hu;Jinshui Miao","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3555798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3555798","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of infrared detection, as the resolution of detection wavelengths and spatial imaging improves, traditional architectures that separate sensing and processing struggle to meet the exponentially growing demands of machine vision. Inspired by the human visual system, which performs preprocessing on the retina to reduce the burden of information transmission, we propose an MSM (metal/semiconductor-InGaAs/metal) structure retina-inspired infrared photodetector. This detector allows the modulation of response polarity and amplitude by adjusting the bias voltage, enabling a range of preprocessing operations inside the detector. The Au/InGaAs/Au retinal-like detector exhibits tunable positive and negative photoresponses in the short-wave infrared region, with a response speed of up to 490 ns, facilitating ultra-fast image information preprocessing. We propose a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$16times 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in-sensor computing hardware system capable of deploying various convolution kernels directly inside the detector to perform convolution operations, offering a unique opportunity for lightweight convolutional neural network hardware.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 9","pages":"541-544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}