{"title":"The economic burden of preeclampsia: a systematic review.","authors":"Adili Adilan, Haoran Zhan, Yanan Hu, Lana McClements, Emily J Callander","doi":"10.1080/10641955.2026.2694980","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10641955.2026.2694980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication associated with substantial maternal and infant morbidity worldwide. The adverse outcomes related to preeclampsia increase healthcare costs, highlighting the importance of quantifying its economic burden to inform healthcare policy and resource allocation. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on the economic burden of preeclampsia and identify key cost drivers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for English-language studies published between 2014 and 2024. Studies reporting healthcare resource utilization or costs associated with preeclampsia were included. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025650091).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3,107 records identified, 12 studies were included; most were conducted in high-income countries. All cost estimates were converted to 2024 US dollars for comparability. Direct medical costs ranged from US$109.84 to US$87,339.71, with a mean cost of US$33,585.48 per patient. National healthcare system costs were estimated at €6.5-€9.1 million in Ireland and US$2.18 billion in the United States.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preterm birth was identified as a major driver of economic burden, with earlier gestational age significantly increasing maternal and infant costs. Indirect costs and regional disparities remain underexplored, highlighting important gaps for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":13054,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension in Pregnancy","volume":"45 1","pages":"2694980"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148367947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SII serves as an independent diagnostic indicator for GDM and is regulated by placental 5-HT/NF-κB signaling.","authors":"Weizhao Lin, Yujuan Tang, Jiahua Chen, Furong Liu, Shixin Chen, Qing Zhang, Xian Li, Pingping Song, Xuefeng Ma","doi":"10.1080/10641955.2026.2627865","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10641955.2026.2627865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses a significant threat to perinatal health. Diagnosis based solely on glycemic parameters shows limited accuracy. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), a quantitative marker of inflammation, may improve diagnostic precision. This study analyzed clinical data stratified by GDM and obesity status to evaluate the diagnostic utility of SII and its underlying mechanisms involving placental NF-κB and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) signaling. We observed elevated SII levels in GDM patients, which correlated positively with glucose levels and inflammatory indicators (white blood cell count, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose). Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses confirmed the diagnostic value of SII, which was further enhanced when combined with clinical covariates. Placental expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) and NF-κB was significantly increased in GDM and closely linked to SII levels. Dysregulation of placental 5-HT signaling, characterized by increased TPH1 and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) expression alongside reduced serotonin transporter (SERT), was associated with maternal overweight. Moreover, SII, BMI, TPH1, and NF-κB all correlated with insulin resistance (IR). These results support SII as a non-invasive diagnostic indicator for GDM and highlight the role of placental 5-HT/NF-κB signaling in its pathogenesis, providing insights for early diagnosis and targeted therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13054,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension in Pregnancy","volume":"45 1","pages":"2627865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146201396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypertension in PregnancyPub Date : 2026-12-31Epub Date: 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2026.2632210
Lina Gao, Yan Dong, Xiaohui Liu, De Chen, Huixin Cheng, Jian Liu
{"title":"Association of systemic inflammatory response index with severity of preeclampsia.","authors":"Lina Gao, Yan Dong, Xiaohui Liu, De Chen, Huixin Cheng, Jian Liu","doi":"10.1080/10641955.2026.2632210","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10641955.2026.2632210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), a novel and integrated hematological index calculated as (neutrophil count × monocyte count)/lymphocyte count, has been recognized as a reliable marker of systemic inflammation. This article undertakes an analysis of clinical data from preeclampsia (PE) patients, aiming to comprehensively assess the relationship between SIRI, PE, and the severity of PE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 783 pregnant women in their third trimester were divided into severe preeclampsia (SP) (<i>n</i> = 275), non-SP (<i>n</i> = 273), and control (<i>n</i> = 235) groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between SIRI and blood pressure. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to evaluate the predictive ability of SIRI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between SIRI and the severity of PE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant relationship between SIRI and systolic blood pressure (<i>r</i> = 0.488, <i>p</i> < 0.001) as well as diastolic blood pressure (<i>r</i> = 0.462, <i>p</i> < 0.001). ROC curve revealed that pregnant women with SIRI ≥ 1.84 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L were more likely to experience non-SP (AUC: 0.662; 95% CI: 0.615-0.710; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and those with SIRI ≥ 2.45 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L were prone to SP (AUC: 0.879; 95% CI: 0.850-0.910; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that SIRI served as an independent risk factor for both non-SP and SP (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a strong correlation between SIRI and the severity of PE, and SIRI shows potential in predicting the severity of PE.</p>","PeriodicalId":13054,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension in Pregnancy","volume":"45 1","pages":"2632210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146206983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypertension in PregnancyPub Date : 2026-12-31Epub Date: 2026-02-24DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2026.2636602
Ahmet Beyazıt, İbrahim Barışcan Soydan, Kenan Serdar Dolapçıoğlu, Hanifi Bayaroğulları, Oya Soylu Karapınar, Arif Güngören
{"title":"Neuroimaging characteristics and clinical outcomes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in preeclamptic and eclamptic patients.","authors":"Ahmet Beyazıt, İbrahim Barışcan Soydan, Kenan Serdar Dolapçıoğlu, Hanifi Bayaroğulları, Oya Soylu Karapınar, Arif Güngören","doi":"10.1080/10641955.2026.2636602","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10641955.2026.2636602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological complication linked to preeclampsia and eclampsia. This study compared the clinical and radiological features of PRES in patients with these conditions. This retrospective single-center cohort study from 2010 to 2024 included patients diagnosed with preeclampsia and eclampsia who underwent MRI due to neurological symptoms. Two radiologists, blinded to the clinical data, re-evaluated the MRIs twice. PRES cases were assessed based on the sites and patterns of involvement. Maternal and perinatal outcomes, along with laboratory characteristics, were reviewed through medical records. The study included 157 patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia who underwent MRI for neurological symptoms. PRES was diagnosed in 55 patients (35.0%), with a higher incidence of eclampsia (64.71%) compared to preeclampsia (20.75%). Patients with PRES were younger, had lower gravidity and parity, and were at an earlier gestational age than those with normal MRI findings. The parietal and occipital regions were the most affected in both preeclampsia and eclampsia patients with PRES. Parietal lobe and bilateral involvement were more common in the eclampsia group. Atypical involvement, including brainstem and cerebellar lesions, was observed in both groups. These findings suggest that eclampsia may represent a neurological manifestation of PRES.</p>","PeriodicalId":13054,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension in Pregnancy","volume":"45 1","pages":"2636602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypertension in PregnancyPub Date : 2026-12-31Epub Date: 2026-08-31DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2026.2725449
Berihun Dachew, Getinet Ayano, Rosa Alati
{"title":"Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and cognitive outcomes in children: the ALSPAC study.","authors":"Berihun Dachew, Getinet Ayano, Rosa Alati","doi":"10.1080/10641955.2026.2725449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641955.2026.2725449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the associations between hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and intelligence quotient (IQ) in children at the ages of 8 and 16 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study sample comprised participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort, an ongoing population-based longitudinal birth cohort in Bristol, Avon, United Kingdom. Offspring IQ was assessed using a shortened version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III) at age 8 and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) at approximately age 16. This study included over 4900 and 3300 mother‒child pairs at ages 8 and 16, respectively. Binary and multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were not associated with lower offspring IQ at ages 8 or 16. Although gestational hypertension, but not pre-eclampsia, was associated with higher odds of above-average IQ compared with average IQ at age 16 in the multinomial logistic regression model, this association was not observed at age 8 or replicated in the sensitivity analysis using age-specific IQ tertiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found no evidence that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were associated with lower offspring IQ at ages 8 or 16. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13054,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension in Pregnancy","volume":"45 1","pages":"2725449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypertension in PregnancyPub Date : 2026-12-31Epub Date: 2026-08-31DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2026.2708186
Sabina Horejskova, Alexandra Regendova, Petra Hanulikova, Lubomir Haslik, Hynek Herman, Lucie Hajkova Hympanova, Ladislav Krofta
{"title":"Biochemical markers of cardiac dysfunction in pregnancies with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction.","authors":"Sabina Horejskova, Alexandra Regendova, Petra Hanulikova, Lubomir Haslik, Hynek Herman, Lucie Hajkova Hympanova, Ladislav Krofta","doi":"10.1080/10641955.2026.2708186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641955.2026.2708186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify which subtypes of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR) are associated with the greatest maternal cardiovascular strain, as indicated by laboratory biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Women were recruited at diagnosis and serum levels of NT-proBNP, troponin T, and copeptin were analyzed. The cohort comprised 35 women with early-onset FGR, 54 with late-onset FGR, 53 with early-onset preeclampsia, and 29 with late-onset preeclampsia. Among preeclamptic patients, 58 had and 24 lacked concomitant FGR. Biomarkers were normalized for gestational age relative to uncomplicated pregnancies using Z-scores from log-transformed values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All biomarkers showed a consistent pattern across pregnancy pathologies. The highest Z-scores for NT-proBNP (2.70, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and troponin T (3.25, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were found in early-onset preeclampsia, followed by preeclampsia with and without FGR, with no significant difference between these subgroups. Lower values occurred in late-onset preeclampsia and early-onset FGR, with the lowest in late-onset FGR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All forms of preeclampsia and early-onset FGR demonstrated increased cardiovascular strain, whereas late-onset FGR showed minimal involvement. In preeclampsia, earlier disease manifestation was more closely associated with higher cardiovascular burden than concomitant FGR. Although cardiomarkers were elevated in pathological pregnancies, their utility for routine monitoring or postpartum follow-up appears limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":13054,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension in Pregnancy","volume":"45 1","pages":"2708186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypertension in PregnancyPub Date : 2026-12-31Epub Date: 2026-08-16DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2026.2708180
Ningxia Sun, Lu Zhang, Jine Xu, Mengmeng Han, Aiping Chen, Shiguo Liu
{"title":"MIR210HG promotes preeclampsia progression through CDHR5.","authors":"Ningxia Sun, Lu Zhang, Jine Xu, Mengmeng Han, Aiping Chen, Shiguo Liu","doi":"10.1080/10641955.2026.2708180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641955.2026.2708180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Early diagnosis of preeclampsia (PE) remains challenging. We previously linked the long non-coding (lnc) RNA MIR210HG to pathological placental development. Here, we investigated its differential expression, pathophysiological phenotypic specificity, and non-invasive diagnostic potential for PE in the peripheral blood and placental tissue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 88 PE patients (case group) and 81 normal pregnant women (control group) from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University during January 2020-December 2021. MIR210HG expression was detected via RT-PCR and western blotting, and was modulated using siRNA/overexpression plasmid transfection in human trophoblasts and vascular endothelial cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MIR210HG expression was specifically upregulated in the peripheral blood of patients with early-onset PE, with superior diagnostic efficacy for the PE-fetal growth restriction subtype. Additionally, CDHR5 was upregulated in PE-associated placental tissues (<i>P</i> = 0.004). Cellular assays confirmed that MIR210HG knockdown reduced CDHR5 expression in trophoblasts and endothelial cells (Bewo: <i>P</i> = 0.019; JEG3: <i>P</i> = 0.006), and CDHR5 knockdown also downregulated MIR210HG expression (Bewo: <i>P</i> = 0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, MIR210HG may contribute to placental pathological injury by regulating CDHR5, though the pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. In contrast to the invasive and lagging placental-derived lncRNA biomarkers reported in previous studies, peripheral blood MIR210HG allows for non-invasive monitoring during pregnancy, making it more clinically applicable for early screening and phenotypic stratification of PE.</p>","PeriodicalId":13054,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension in Pregnancy","volume":"45 1","pages":"2708180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypertension in PregnancyPub Date : 2026-12-31Epub Date: 2026-09-30DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2026.2739067
{"title":"Expression of concern: Maternal and fetal outcome in de novo preeclampsia in comparison to superimposed preeclampsia: a two-year observational study.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/10641955.2026.2739067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641955.2026.2739067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13054,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension in Pregnancy","volume":"45 1","pages":"2739067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149108869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypertension in PregnancyPub Date : 2026-12-31Epub Date: 2026-03-26DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2026.2651587
{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/10641955.2026.2651587","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10641955.2026.2651587","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13054,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension in Pregnancy","volume":"45 1","pages":"2651587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147511718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypertension in PregnancyPub Date : 2026-12-31Epub Date: 2026-09-11DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2026.2719500
Mei Xu, Ge Yang, XingBo Zhong, Zhao Jin, MingQiang Tang, Yu Xiao, YongCan Guo
{"title":"A preeclampsia prediction model incorporating methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, vitamin D receptor, and uterine artery pulsatility index.","authors":"Mei Xu, Ge Yang, XingBo Zhong, Zhao Jin, MingQiang Tang, Yu Xiao, YongCan Guo","doi":"10.1080/10641955.2026.2719500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641955.2026.2719500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the predictive value of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI rs2228570 polymorphisms combined with uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) for preeclampsia (PE), and explored mediating pathways underlying genetic risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-phase prospective study was conducted. Phase I (n = 73) screened PE-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via targeted sequencing; Phase II (n = 195) validated the candidates and collected clinical and ultrasound metrics. Independent predictors were identified by multivariate logistic regression to build a nomogram, and the nomogram was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration, and decision curve analyses. Mediation analysis was performed to quantify the contribution of serum biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The T allele of MTHFR rs1801133 showed a marginal association with PE risk under dominant model (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 0.96-3.44, P = 0.067), while VDR rs2228570 was not significantly associated (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 0.89-3.39, P = 0.104). Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m² (OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.45-5.21, P = 0.002) and elevated uterine artery PI (OR = 4.75, 95% CI: 1.38-16.41, P = 0.014) were independent risk factors. The nomogram achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.711 (95% CI: 0.640-0.783), with sensitivity of 75.53% and specificity of 59.41%. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and 8-iso-PGF2α mediated 77.5% and 26.0% of the effect of MTHFR on PE risk, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-pregnancy BMI and uterine artery PI are independent predictors of PE. The integrated model offers moderate predictive value. ADMA-mediated endothelial dysfunction may be involved in MTHFR-related PE risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":13054,"journal":{"name":"Hypertension in Pregnancy","volume":"45 1","pages":"2719500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148929859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}