Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental最新文献

{"title":"Acute Administration of 10 mg Methylphenidate on Cognitive Performance and Visual Scanning in Healthy Adults: Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study","authors":"Blair Aitken,&nbsp;Luke A. Downey,&nbsp;Serah Rose,&nbsp;Brooke Manning,&nbsp;Thomas R. Arkell,&nbsp;Brook Shiferaw,&nbsp;Amie C. Hayley","doi":"10.1002/hup.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the effect of a low dose (10 mg) of methylphenidate on cognitive performance, visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and gaze behaviour capabilities in healthy adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover study examined the effects of 10 mg methylphenidate on cognitive performance, VSWM and gaze behaviour. Fixation duration and rate, gaze transition entropy, and stationary gaze entropy were used to quantify visual scanning efficiency in 25 healthy adults (36% female, mean ± SD age = 33.5 ± 7.8 years, BMI = 24.1 ± 2.9 kg/m²). Attention, memory, and reaction time were assessed using the E-CogPro test battery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Methylphenidate significantly enhanced performance in numeric working memory tasks, reflected by reduced errors and increased accuracy relative to placebo. No significant changes were observed in other cognitive or visual scanning metrics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A low dose of methylphenidate improves limited domains of psychomotor speed and accuracy but does not affect visual scanning efficiency. This suggests limited usefulness as a general pro-cognitive aid and raises the possibility of a lower threshold of effect for measurable psychostimulant-induced changes to visual scanning behaviour. Further research is needed to explore these potential dose-response relationships and effects across diverse populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ACTRN12620000499987</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Alcohol Consumption, Hangovers and Smoking Among Young Adults (n = 140) in Germany: An On-Line Study","authors":"Agnese Merlo,&nbsp;Anna H. Koyun,&nbsp;Pauline A. Hendriksen,&nbsp;Johan Garssen,&nbsp;Gillian Bruce,&nbsp;Ann-Kathrin Stock,&nbsp;Joris C. Verster","doi":"10.1002/hup.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the impact of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdowns on alcohol consumption and smoking behavior among young adults from Germany.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An online survey was completed by <i>N</i> = 317 young adults living in Germany. Of these, 140 (44.2%) consumed alcohol and were included in the analysis. They reported on alcohol consumption, hangover frequency and severity, and smoking behavior across four time periods: (1) “BP” (the period before the COVID-19 pandemic), (2) “L1” (the first lockdown; March–May, 2020), (3), NL1 (the no lock-down period; summer 2020), and (4) L2 (the second lockdown, November 2020 to May 2021).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During L1, a significant decrease was observed in weekly alcohol intake, the number of drinking days, and the number of days where more than eight alcoholic drinks were consumed. Whereas hangover frequency was significantly increased during L1, hangover severity was significantly reduced. During NL1, drinking behaviors returned to BP levels. During L2, the decrease in alcohol consumption was much smaller, and not significantly different from BP. However, compared to BP, during L2 hangover frequency was significantly increased and hangover severity was significantly reduced. With regards to smoking, no significant differences compared to BP were found.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the COVID-19 lockdown periods in Germany, a significant decrease in alcohol consumption was observed among this group of young adults. Whereas hangover frequency was significantly increased during the lockdown periods, hangover severity was significantly reduced.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Naturalistic Examination of the Acute Effects of High-Potency Cannabis on Emotion Regulation Among Young Adults: A Pilot Study","authors":"Jessica M. Cavalli,&nbsp;Carrie Cuttler,&nbsp;Anita Cservenka","doi":"10.1002/hup.2915","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2915","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the popular public perception that cannabis use may be beneficial for relieving mental health symptoms, the empirical evidence remains equivocal. Various legal hurdles limit the ability to research whether acute high-potency cannabis use affects mental health-related processes. Therefore, the current study used a novel methodology to examine the acute effects of high-potency cannabis flower on emotion regulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a remote, within-subjects study design, 12 young adult (ages 21–30) cannabis users (who used cannabis at least 1 day/week on average across the past year) completed measures of emotion regulation while sober and acutely intoxicated in a counterbalanced manner. Participants completed the Emotional Go/No-Go Task to measure implicit emotion regulation and a cognitive reappraisal task to assess explicit emotion regulation. For the intoxication condition, participants were observed smoking cannabis flower in their homes via videoconferencing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants reported a more positive mood and decreases in anxiety while intoxicated. There was no evidence that acute high-potency cannabis affected participants' implicit or explicit emotion regulation task performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Future research with larger samples might consider adopting this novel remote study design to assess the acute effects of high-potency cannabis use on different measures of emotion regulation and other health outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agomelatine as Antidepressant Treatment in Elderly Patients With Previous Hyponatremia Due To SSRI Use: Case Series","authors":"José Alfonso. Ontiveros-Sánchez de la Barquera,&nbsp;Luis Alberto De la Garza García,&nbsp;Guillermo Sánchez-Torres,&nbsp;Andoni Gogeascoechea-Hernández,&nbsp;Sofia Jezzini Martinez,&nbsp;Guillermo A. Porras-Garza,&nbsp;Pablo Patricio Zarate Garza","doi":"10.1002/hup.2914","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2914","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate agomelatine treatment in elderly patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who developed hyponatremia while using selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients (60 years or older) with hyponatremia after SSRI treatment for MDD were changed to agomelatine 50 mg/day during one month to observe sodium levels during the treatment and change in depressive symptoms. Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) of severity were used before and after treatment with agomelatine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean age of our sample (five patients) was 75.3 (SD ± 7.8) years. Sodium levels while using SSRIs were reported with a mean of 122.54 (SD ± 10.8) mEq/L. Mean MADRS and CGI scores on SSRIs before treatment with agomelatine were 27.8 (SD ± 3.90) and 5 (SD ± 0.71) respectively. After 4 weeks of treatment with agomelatine 50 mg/day, mean scores of sodium were reported at 135.48 (SD ± 1.6) mEq/L, and mean MADRS and CGI scores were 13.6 (SD ± 8.35) and 2.4 (SD ± 1.5). The difference in means of the MADRS scale before and after treatment with agomelatine was found to be statistically significant (27.8 [3.89] versus 13.6 [8.35], <i>p</i> = &lt; 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our open observational study suggests that agomelatine represents a safe and effective treatment option for elderly patients with major depressive disorder and previous SSRIs-induced hyponatremia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient outcome following selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor prescribing in primary care in Wales (UK)","authors":"Shaila Ahmed,&nbsp;Katherine Chaplin,&nbsp;Richard S. Young,&nbsp;Paul N. Deslandes","doi":"10.1002/hup.2912","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2912","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated prescribing patterns of two cohorts of patients treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) in primary care in Wales (UK), to better understand drivers for increased usage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This e-cohort study included patients receiving a first READ-coded SSRI prescription in SAIL in either 2005 or 2015. Patients were followed up for 3 years from date of SSRI prescription. Influence of age and other demographic data on prescribing patterns, and details of mental health or medication reviews that took place were identified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total 67,006 patients were included across the two cohorts; 29,534 in 2005, and 37,472 in 2015. Citalopram was the most commonly prescribed SSRI in both cohorts. A READ-coded diagnosis relating to SSRI treatment could not be identified in 24,797 patients. The percentage of patients continuing treatment for 3 years was 6.9% and 11.3% in 2005 and 2015, respectively. In total, 21,150 (72%) patients in the 2005 cohort and 23,947 (64%) in the 2015 cohort received at least one medication review during follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proportion of patients continuing longer term treatment was small, whilst the number of recorded mental health and medication reviews offers some reassurance that prescribing remained appropriate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antipsychotic-Treated Schizophrenia Patients Develop Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses Independently From Obesity: However, Metabolic Disturbances Arise From Schizophrenia-Related Obesity","authors":"Sarandol Emre,&nbsp;Sarandol Asli,&nbsp;Mercan Sener,&nbsp;Salih Saygin Eker,&nbsp;Surmen-Gur Esma","doi":"10.1002/hup.2913","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2913","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To define the impact of obesity on inflammatory and oxidative disturbances in antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Several cytokines, inflammatory, metabolic, and oxidative status markers were evaluated in obese (<i>n</i> = 40) and non-obese (<i>n</i> = 40) antipsychotic-treated patients and compared with age-and BMI-matched controls (<i>n</i> = 80).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Schizophrenia patients had higher leptin, TNF-α, adiponectin, visfatin, resistin, P-selectin, NPY, BDNF, CD40-L, MCP-1, and malondialdehyde, and lower IL-6, ghrelin, neopterin, and vitamin E levels compared to their respective controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Total oxidant status was higher in non-obese patients compared to controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), total antioxidant capacity was higher in obese compared to non-obese patients (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), but vitamin A and paraoxonase levels were not different. High sensitive-CRP levels were higher in obsese controls relative to non-obese controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and in obese patients relative to non-obese patients (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, uric acid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were higher in obese patients compared to non-obese patients. Insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR were also higher in obese controls than in non-obese controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest that inflammatory responses and oxidative stress develop independently from obesity in antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia patients. However, schizophrenia-induced obesity causes metabolic disturbances; thereby, obese schizophrenia patients are more liable to cardiovascular events and progress of metabolic syndrome than non-obese patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative pharmacology and abuse potential of oral dexamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine—A literature review","authors":"Wolfgang Kämmerer","doi":"10.1002/hup.2910","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2910","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the pharmacology and abuse potential of oral dexamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine (LDX).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A search of Medline and Embase was conducted to identify relevant articles for this literature review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dexamphetamine and LDX, a prodrug of dexamphetamine, are indicated for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. It has been suggested that LDX may have a reduced potential for oral abuse compared to immediate-release dexamphetamine. As a prodrug, LDX has the same pharmacodynamic properties as dexamphetamine. A study in healthy adults showed that the pharmacokinetic profile of dexamphetamine following oral administration of LDX is essentially identical to that of an equimolar dose of dexamphetamine administered 1 h later. In addition, dexamphetamine produced subjective drug liking effects comparable to those produced by LDX. LDX showed linear dose proportional pharmacokinetics up to a dose of 250 mg, indicating a lack of overdose protection at supratherapeutic doses. Furthermore, the exposure to dexamphetamine released from LDX may be prolonged by the consumption of alkalizing agents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The available evidence from pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and abuse liability studies suggests a comparable potential for oral abuse of dexamphetamine and LDX.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of craving, sleep quality, sexual function and quality of life in opioid use disorder patients in remission with buprenorphine/naloxone maintenance treatment","authors":"Zübeyde Güllü Türker,&nbsp;Ali Erdoğan,&nbsp;Buket Cinemre,&nbsp;Özmen Metin,&nbsp;Burak Kulaksızoğlu","doi":"10.1002/hup.2908","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2908","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare opioid use disorder (OUD) patients who continue to use opioids and are in remission with buprenorphine-naloxone (B/N) in terms of some parameters and to evaluate the relationship between B/N dose and these parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 141 OUD patients in remission with B/N maintenance treatment for at least 6 months, 141 who still used opioids, and 141 healthy volunteers. Substance Craving Scale (SCS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), and Short Form 36 (SF-36) were administered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PSQI scores and ASEX scores were higher in those who continued to use opiates than in OUD in remission, and in OUD in remission compared to controls. OUD patients with current opioid use also had lower SF-36 scores compared to both patients in remission and healthy controls. SCS, PSQI, ASEX, and SF-36 scores were similar when the three groups were examined based on the dosage of B/N (below 8, 8–15, and 16 mg/day and above) use in OUD in remission.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Quality of life, craving, sleep and sexual functions improved significantly with B/N; however, these effects are not dependent on B/N dosage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bi-directional and multi-modal effects of dexamphetamine on spatial binding windows in healthy individuals","authors":"Mark J. H. Lim,&nbsp;Sean J. Loffman,&nbsp;Katharina Gaus,&nbsp;Sophie V. Slawik,&nbsp;Rajan Iyyalol,&nbsp;Joseph W. Y. Lee,&nbsp;Emily K. Hepple,&nbsp;Mathew T. Martin-Iverson","doi":"10.1002/hup.2909","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2909","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stimuli that are separated by a short window of space or time, known as spatial and temporal binding windows (SBW/TBWs), may be perceived as separate. Widened TBWs are evidenced in schizophrenia, although it is unclear if the SBW is similarly affected. The current study aimed to assess if dexamphetamine (DEX) may increase SBWs in a multimodal visuo-tactile illusion, potentially validating usefulness as an experimental model for multimodal visuo-tactile hallucinations in schizophrenia, and to examine a possible association between altered binding windows (BWs) and working memory (WM) suggested by previous research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and counter-balanced crossover design was employed. Permuted block randomisation was used for drug order. Healthy participants received DEX (0.45 mg/kg, PO, b.i.d.) or placebo (glucose powder) in capsules. The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Spatial Span was employed to determine whether DEX would alter SBWs and WM, respectively. Schizotypy was assessed with a variety of psychological scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most participants did not experience the RHI even under normal circumstances. Bi-directional and multimodal effects of DEX on individual SBWs and schizotypy were observed, but not on WM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bidirectional multimodal effects of DEX on the RHI and SBWs were observed in individuals, although not associated with alterations in WM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141599262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribing patterns in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Retrospective, single-center study","authors":"Joshua Knebel,&nbsp;M. Lindsey Hedgepeth Kennedy","doi":"10.1002/hup.2900","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2900","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is marked by a high rate of treatment resistance. Patients are often left trialing medications within multiple drug classes with little response, causing heterogeneity to emerge in prescribing patterns. This analysis seeks to investigate the selection and dosing of the pharmacotherapy utilized, to portray an overview of prescribing trends in the United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective, single center, review of electronic medical records investigated the pharmacotherapy utilization of patients with a primary diagnosis of OCD. Two hundred and ninety-five patients who received OCD treatment at an urban, academic medical center were included in the study. Patients were included in the review if they were at least eighteen years of age and were assigned a diagnosis of OCD according to DSM-5 criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychotropic pharmacotherapy was integrated into the care of 93% of patients. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were the most utilized medication class at 85% followed by benzodiazepines (47%) and second-generation antipsychotics (37%). Tricyclic antidepressants and first-generation antipsychotics were the two medication classes utilized the least at 13% and 2% respectively. Additionally, mood stabilizers and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors were utilized at rates of 8% and 16%, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evidence-based treatment guidelines are being followed with varying augmentation strategies widely prevalent, thus displaying the heterogeneity in treating OCD. A high rate of benzodiazepine utilization highlights a practice trend with potential ties to clinical factors, such as the latency to treatment effect of other first-line pharmacotherapies. Future prospective studies are required to determine the cultural, pharmacoeconomic and pharmacogenomic factors that contribute to the variation in prescribing practices and whether these variations influence treatment outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140908680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}