Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental最新文献

{"title":"Aroma of Genius Essential Oil Blend Significantly Enhances Cognitive Performance and Brain Metabolism in Healthy Adults","authors":"Mark Moss,&nbsp;Jake Howarth,&nbsp;Holly Moss","doi":"10.1002/hup.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This double-blind positive-controlled study investigated the potential for the aroma of a novel blend of essential oils, <i>Genius</i> to enhance cognitive performance and mood in healthy adults, and whether any such benefits might be related to changes in cerebrovascular oxygenation measured using Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy. Ninety participants (61 female) were pseudo-randomly allocated to achieve a gender balance across three experimental groups: <i>Genius</i> aroma, Sage aroma (positive control) or no aroma (control). All participants completed mood questionnaires after completing a range of cognitive tasks whilst wearing a Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy headband. Multivariate and subsequent univariate data analysis revealed significant enhancements to memory and executive function tasks in the <i>Genius</i> and sage aroma conditions compared to no aroma with larger effects noted for the <i>Genius</i> blend. Furthermore, the novel blend outperformed the aroma of pure sage and also left participants feeling significantly more alert and less fatigued at the end of the testing session. Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy data indicated that both sage and <i>Genius</i> blend enhanced metabolism during task performance with a greater impact from the <i>Genius</i> aroma. Although suggestive of a mechanism underpinning the enhancements observed no correlations were found between the Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy signals and cognitive performance. This study strengthens the evidence base for the beneficial effects of essential oil aroma inhalation for cognitive performance, however the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12628357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145553140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory Potential of Escitalopram on C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in Patients With Generalised Anxiety Disorder","authors":"Swathi Suresh,&nbsp;Rachna Gupta,&nbsp;Shruti Srivastava,&nbsp;Sumita Halder,&nbsp;Seema Garg","doi":"10.1002/hup.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) have been increasingly linked to neuroinflammation. This study evaluated the impact of escitalopram on serum CCL5 and FGF2 levels in patients with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty patients (18–50 years) with GAD diagnosed by DSM-5 criteria, and 30 healthy controls were included. All GAD patients received escitalopram and were followed up for 12 weeks. Serum CCL5 and FGF2 levels were measured before and after escitalopram treatment in GAD patients, with a baseline measurement in healthy controls using ELISA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that serum CCL5 levels were significantly increased (<i>p</i> = 0.001) in GAD patients compared to healthy controls and remained higher after treatment without any significant change. However, serum FGF2 levels were comparable and did not differ significantly between healthy controls and GAD patients before treatment, and increased significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.011) after escitalopram treatment in GAD patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In GAD patients, serum levels of CCL5 remained elevated and FGF2 increased significantly post-treatment with escitalopram. This suggests that escitalopram could exert a partial immunomodulatory effect on CCL5 and FGF2, thus modulating inflammation-driven mechanisms of GAD. Future research in larger populations and longer follow-ups is needed to further examine these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145395385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scopolamine's Anticholinergic Effects on EEG Spectral, Aperiodic, Complexity, Microstates, and Heart Rate Variability","authors":"Joseph C. C. Chen,&nbsp;Rachael L. Sumner,&nbsp;Eric B. Thorstensen,&nbsp;Jacqueline A. Hannam,&nbsp;Nicholas Hoeh,&nbsp;Hafis Adetokunbo Ayeni,&nbsp;Vikrant Singh,&nbsp;Andrew Wilson,&nbsp;Douglas Campbell,&nbsp;Frederick Sundram,&nbsp;Suresh Muthukumaraswamy","doi":"10.1002/hup.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scopolamine disrupts cholinergic mechanisms via nonspecific muscarinic antagonism. Centrally, excitatory neocortical innervations are antagonised causing spectral electroencephalography (EEG) changes and cognitive impairment. Peripherally, parasympathetic control of heart rate variability (HRV) is disrupted, although acute HRV effects of scopolamine are not well-defined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty adults with depression received scopolamine hydrobromide (<i>N</i> = 24, 4–6 μg/kg) or glycopyrronium bromide (<i>N</i> = 16, 4–6 μg/kg) infusions. Twelve healthy adults received scopolamine (4–6 μg/kg) infusions. EEG and electrocardiography were recorded across 4 hours post-infusion. EEG spectral, aperiodic, Lempel Ziv complexity (LZC), and microstates analyses were performed. Electrocardiographic HRV metric: proportion of high frequency power (pHF) was calculated and modelled via pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models to ascertain the HRV concentration-effect relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scopolamine increased delta power between 0.5 and 3.5 h (at 35 min: <i>t</i> = 3.6, <i>p</i> = 0.002). At 3 hours post-infusion, scopolamine increased aperiodic slope (<i>t</i> = −3.4, <i>p</i> = 0.047) and offset (<i>t</i> = −3.93, <i>p</i> = 0.003) parameters, reduced LZC (<i>t</i> = −4.5, <i>p</i> = 2 × 10⁻⁴), and microstate <i>D</i> mean duration (<i>t</i> = −3.0, <i>p</i> = 0.039). EEG metrics correlated with drowsiness and alcohol-like stimulant ratings. Peripherally, scopolamine reduced HRV, with two-compartment pharmacokinetic models describing a delayed pHF effect via an effect compartment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These effects corresponded to increased drowsiness, reduced excitation-inhibition ratio, and reduced HRV—implicating central and peripheral muscarinic mechanisms reminiscent of Alzheimer's-like cholinergic disruption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>anzctr.org.au identifier: ACTRN12619000569101 and ACTRN12622000228785.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Mitigation of Peripheral and Central Stress Responses by Nx4: Insights From EEG and Heart Rate Variability in Post-Stress Resting State","authors":"Marina Krylova,&nbsp;Sarah Alizadeh,&nbsp;Hamidreza Jamalabadi,&nbsp;Igor Izyurov,&nbsp;Tara Chand,&nbsp;Johan van der Meer,&nbsp;Johannes C. Vester,&nbsp;Britta Naschold,&nbsp;Myron Schultz,&nbsp;Veronika Engert,&nbsp;Martin Walter","doi":"10.1002/hup.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stress from daily psychosocial challenges is a significant health concern with limited pharmacological treatment options. Psychosocial stress triggers distinct responses in the autonomic and central nervous systems, measurable via heart rate variability (HRV) and electroencephalogram (EEG). This post hoc analysis of clinical trial data explores the impact of the anti-stress medication Neurexan (Nx4) on HRV and EEG signals, and their correlation in a resting state following acute psychosocial stress induction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from the NEURIM trial (NCT02602275), a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study, were utilized. Participants received Nx4 before exposure to ScanSTRESS, a psychosocial stress paradigm. EEG and photoplethysmogram data were collected at rest before and after stress exposure. Stress responsivity under both placebo and Nx4 conditions was evaluated through HRV and EEG signals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychosocial stress altered HRV parameters (increased LF/HF ratio, elevated Baevsky's Stress Index, reduced RMSSD) and EEG activity (decreased aperiodic offset, increased alpha power). Nx4 significantly mitigated stress-induced changes in LF/HF ratio, Baevsky's Stress Index, and aperiodic offset. A significant correlation was observed between Nx4 effects on HRV and EEG activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nx4 attenuates peripheral and central physiological stress responses, suggesting a comprehensive approach to mitigating stress responses in daily life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Billy Mackenzie: Sometimes Wild, Often Lonely","authors":"David Baldwin","doi":"10.1002/hup.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.70021","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;William MacArthur (‘Billy’) Mackenzie died alongside an apologetic suicide note, in a garden shed at his father's cottage in Auchterhouse, Scotland, after an overdose of amitriptyline, beta-blockers and paracetamol. He was 64 days short of his fortieth birthday. Three weeks earlier, on New Years Eve 1996, he had been admitted to Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, requiring assisted ventilation after consuming a large quantity of prescribed hypnotics. Then, his father had entreated the assessing psychiatrist to transfer his son to the hospital psychiatry ward, but Billy had maintained the overdose was an ‘accident’, so he was instead discharged home with a recommendation to start antidepressants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some 15 years previously, Mackenzie stood at the threshold of international success (Doyle &lt;span&gt;1998&lt;/span&gt;). With his musical collaborator Alan Rankine, as ‘The Associates’, the band had released six singles over the preceding 12 months, to increasing critical acclaim: their mysterious, fragmented lyrics and disconcerting melodic shifts somehow captured both the desolate landscapes and agitated unease of post-industrial Thatcher-ravaged Britain. What promised to be an &lt;i&gt;annus mirabilis&lt;/i&gt; in 1982 saw the band appear repeatedly on BBC's &lt;i&gt;Top of the Pops&lt;/i&gt; and featured adoringly in glossy teen mags. Highbrow music newspaper journalists described their third album (&lt;i&gt;Sulk&lt;/i&gt;), released in May, as ‘an elusive butterfly’, yet possessing a ‘timeless majesty’. It stayed high in the album charts for 20 weeks. But in October Mackenzie threw it all away, by declining to perform publicly - so causing the departure of an exasperated Rankine - on the eve of a widely anticipated tour of British concert venues.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Admittedly, from an early age Mackenzie was given to choosing impulsively and acting recklessly, and gushing public praise fitted poorly with his dismissive self-criticism. He had a track record of doing crazy things: as a teenager, marrying an American presumptive heiress in Las Vegas; whilst recording, consuming so many psychostimulants as to require 3 days' cardiac monitoring in St Mary's Hospital, London. But there were additional factors in this career-damaging decision. Although an impish grin, flirtatious manner and occasional camp pugnaciousness suggested a cool ease in public encounters, by 1978 he had become troubled by recurring ‘stage fright’ immediately prior to performance. The lyrics to The Associates' best-known song &lt;i&gt;Party Fears Two&lt;/i&gt; (a top-10 single) can be read as a description of debilitating social anxiety and the temporary relief afforded by alcohol consumption. However, it was only after many years that could Mackenzie confide about his experience of disabling panic: by then, it was hard to board flights, or to be separated far from his mother Lily, to whom he was devoted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The 15 years from &lt;i&gt;Sulk&lt;/i&gt; should not be regarded simply as a sad, slow decline. A succession of collaborations under the continuing name ","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could R-Ketamine and Wolfram Syndrome Inform Understanding of Depression and Suicidality? A Sigma-1 Receptor-Based Perspective","authors":"Hans O. Kalkman,&nbsp;Lukasz Smigielski","doi":"10.1002/hup.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Loss of function mutations in the <i>WFS1</i> gene cause Wolfram syndrome, which is characterized by juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, neurodegeneration, hearing loss and optic nerve atrophy. Psychiatric symptoms, including major depression and suicidal behavior, are common in this disorder. <i>WFS1</i> mutations induce this condition through altering interactions between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, resulting in diminished Ca²⁺ import that leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Quite recently, it was shown that such impaired Ca²⁺ transport could be restored by the experimental σ1 receptor agonist PRE084. In animal models of Wolfram syndrome, this compound restored the behavioral phenotype. Based on these previous data, we propose that Wolfram syndrome may serve as a mechanistically informative model for exploring σ1 receptor modulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and affective symptoms. This proposal is based on four arguments. Firstly, the R-enantiomer of ketamine exhibits largely selective binding to the σ1 receptor as an agonist. Secondly, R-ketamine and other σ1 agonists display antidepressant-like activity in rodent depression models. Thirdly, while both S- and R-ketamine hold potential for reducing suicidal behavior, the latter is likely to have a lower potential for abuse and fewer side effects. Fourth, Wolfram syndrome is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, which has also been linked to depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12439019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145071596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bupropion and Anxiety: A Brief Review","authors":"Sean E. Oldak,&nbsp;Anthony J. Maristany","doi":"10.1002/hup.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bupropion, a norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, is FDA-approved for depression and smoking cessation but not for anxiety disorders. Its role in patients with comorbid depression and anxiety remains debated. This review examines bupropion's potential anxiolytic and/or anxiogenic effects. Clinical trials suggest bupropion may reduce anxiety symptoms in depressed patients, showing comparable efficacy to SSRIs and SNRIs in mild to moderate anxiety. However, its stimulating properties can also provoke anxiety, particularly at higher doses. While some studies indicate no significant difference in anxiolytic efficacy between bupropion and serotonergic antidepressants, others suggest SSRIs may be preferable for severe depression with anxious distress. Emerging data hint at potential benefits for generalized and social anxiety disorders, though findings remain inconclusive. Given its mixed effects, a cautious approach is recommended. Initiating treatment at lower doses and monitoring for anxiogenic symptoms can help optimize outcomes. Further research is needed to clarify bupropion's potential role in anxiety management and its comparative efficacy against standard treatments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145077154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy and Safety of Amyloid Beta-Directed Monoclonal Antibodies for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Phase III Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Yun Wei,&nbsp;Hualing Li","doi":"10.1002/hup.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. One of the newer treatments for AD is amyloid beta (Aβ) directed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of this class of drugs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library until January 30, 2025, focusing on phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating anti-Aβ mAbs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twelve RCTs with 24 arms were included. Anti-Aβ mAbs significantly reduced the Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) score (mean difference (MD): −0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−0.29, −0.04)), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) score (MD: −0.87, 95% CI (−1.13, −0.60)), and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) (MD: −0.11, 95% CI (−0.19, −0.02)). They also significantly increased the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (MD: 0.31, 95% CI (0.15, 0.46)) and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) score (MD: 1.21, 95% CI (0.89, 1.53)). However, they were associated with a significant increase in complications, including amyloid-related imaging abnormalities-edema/effusion (ARIA-E) (odds ratio (OR): 10.20, 95% CI (7.17, 14.50)), ARIA-hemosiderosis or microhemorrhage (ARIA-H) (OR: 1.75, 95% CI (1.22, 2.50)), and any adverse events (OR: 1.22, 95% CI (1.08, 1.38), I²: 48.59%)). The subgroup analysis showed that treatment administered in the early/preclinical stages of AD resulted in a greater reduction in CDR-SB and ADAS-Cog scores, as well as in amyloid burden.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anti-Aβ mAbs offer modest clinical benefits, and pose some serious complications, necessitating a cautious approach to their prescription.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Cannabinoids on Emotional States and Alcohol Use Among Underrepresented Groups: Moderation by Perceived Discrimination","authors":"Renée Martin-Willett,&nbsp;Carillon J. Skrzynski,&nbsp;Angela D. Bryan,&nbsp;L. Cinnamon Bidwell","doi":"10.1002/hup.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on negative mood and drinking behaviors, and whether those effects were moderated by levels of perceived discrimination among participants who identify with a racial, ethnic, gender, or sexual identity that is underrepresented in research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were either not using cannabis, using cannabis with THC, or using cannabis with CBD and were assessed at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4-weeks following <i>ad libitum</i> use of a legal market cannabis product that was randomly assigned to them. Primary outcomes included scores on the Depression Anxiety Stress (DASS) Scale and number of drinking days. Moderation analyses used the Perceived Discrimination Scale (PDS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>172 participants who were 62% female and mean age = 30.2 were included (not using cannabis = 20, using cannabis = 152; of those, THC = 96, CBD = 56). There were significant changes in DASS scores over time, with participants using CBD experiencing greater decreases in symptoms versus participants using THC. There was also a marginal conditionXtimeXPDS interaction that was significant when the condition not using cannabis was removed from the analysis. In this case, participants in the CBD and THC conditions shared a general linear trend of decreasing DASS total scores over time, but only at average (mean) and high (+1 SD) levels of PDS scores. There were no significant effects on alcohol-related outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CBD may be helpful in reducing negative emotional symptoms in the short term without increasing risk for disordered alcohol use, and perceived discrimination plays a significant role in this relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinicaltrials. gov (NCT03491384; Registration Date 2018-02-28); Open Science Framework</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Prescribing Trends and Cost Analysis of Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, and Hypnotics in England, 2010–2023","authors":"Mike Stedman,&nbsp;Mark Davies,&nbsp;John Warner- Levy,&nbsp;Joseph Ingram,&nbsp;David Taylor,&nbsp;Adrian Heald","doi":"10.1002/hup.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We describe prescribing of anxiolytics/hypnotics/antidepressants at an all-England level between 2010 and 2023, taking account of the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic-period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All Primary Care Prescribing data for England for anxiolytics/hypnotics/antidepressant agents taken as tablets or capsules from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2023 were considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antidepressants: the greatest increases were in sertraline prescriptions increasing from 2.9million 2010 by 685% to 23.0 million-2023; duloxetine increased by 545% to 3.9million prescriptions; mirtazapine by 269% to 12.4million prescriptions. Regarding cost, overall average cost fell 2010-2023 by 54% from £4.86(Euros 5.68) to £2.25(Euros 2.63) per prescription. Anxiolytics: the number of prescriptions for anxiolytics fell 6.5–4.8 m (−27%) overall, with all anxiolytics falling except buspirone. The greatest period of fall was seen between 2018 and 2023. Lorazepam/diazepam/chlordiazepoxide were down 23%,16%, 88% respectively. Average cost of prescriptions fell by 13% to £3.20(Euros 3.74). Hypnotics: the number of prescriptions for hypnotics fell 41% from 9.8million to 5.8million in 2023. All prescriptions fell in number. Annual trends showed no deviations for the COVID-19 core pandemic (2020/2021) years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall trends demonstrate a more than doubling of antidepressant prescribing over the period 2010–2023, with similar volume reduction in anxiolytics/hypnotics over the same period. Such real world data facilitate the development of policy influencing insights for psychotropic prescribing management now and in coming years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}