Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental最新文献

{"title":"The prevalence of constipation in adult psychiatric out-patients on clozapine treatment at a regional public hospital in Hong Kong","authors":"Eric Wai-Fung Lam,&nbsp;Brian Pak-In Ip","doi":"10.1002/hup.2897","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2897","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the occurrence of constipation in local patients on clozapine treatment, and to compare the demographical and clinical characteristics of patients on clozapine treatment with or without constipation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a cross-sectional, observational study. All adult psychiatric out-patients on clozapine treatment attending follow-up at a regional hospital were recruited for clinical interview and medical record review. The Enhanced Asian Rome III Questionnaire (EAR3Q) was used to define patients with constipation. The Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) was used to assess stool form. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Anchored (BPRS-A) was used to measure psychiatric symptoms. The Brief Medication Adherence Scale (BMAS) was used to assess treatment adherence. Logistic regression was conducted to identify independent associating factors of constipation in patients on clozapine treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of constipation in patients on clozapine treatment was 26.3%, (95% CI [21.5%, 31.6%]). Independent associating factors included disorder of psychological development (aOR = 6.98, 95% CI [1.24, 39.18]), anxiety (very mild: aOR = 9.23, 95% CI [2.59, 32.87]; mild: aOR = 2.66, 95% CI [1.26, 5.62]), prescription with combination of laxatives (aOR = 0.40, 95% CI [0.17, 0.95]), and concomitant use of amisulpride (aOR = 2.52, 95% CI [1.09, 5.82]), quetiapine (aOR = 5.92, 95% CI [1.11, 31.56]) and metamucil (aOR = 9.30, 95% CI [1.53, 56.58]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the prevalence of clozapine-associated constipation in Hong Kong using a validated questionnaire. The identification of independent factors associated with constipation could facilitate better risk stratification and risk modification in clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140848551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the active botanical blend “WKUP GT” on attention and cognitive functions after lunch in healthy volunteers","authors":"Irit Schwartz Nadam,&nbsp;Aouatef Bellamine,&nbsp;Rafael Salom,&nbsp;Sonia Guilera,&nbsp;A. M. Inarejos-Garcia,&nbsp;Giora Pillar","doi":"10.1002/hup.2895","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2895","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>“WKUP GT”, a low caffeine beverage consisting of carob, Guarana, Green Tea and Elderberry extracts was studied on attention and cognitive functions post-lunch in a pilot randomized double blind placebo controlled trial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty healthy volunteers were included in a crossover design trial, presenting five beverages randomly assigned to the following groups: placebo, “WKUP GT” (single, double or triple doses), or “caffeine” as an active control. Hemodynamic measurements were assessed as safety outcomes.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), was used to evaluate the patients when beverages were consumed 30 and 120 min after lunch (respectively Delta30 and Delta120 considering baseline).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drinking “caffeine” or “WKUP GT” after lunch, showed significant improvement (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in rapid visual information processing compared to placebo (Delta120 of “caffeine”, “WKUP” single and double). In addition, improvement in Multitasking Test (Delta30 for “WKUP” double, and Delta120 for “caffeine” and “WKUP” triple compared to placebo) was observed. “WKUP” triple also showed significant improvement for “memory” when compared to placebo (Delta120). Compared to “caffeine”, WKUP GT did not increase systolic blood pressure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>“WKUP GT” showed improvements for attention, memory, psychomotor and executive function tasks after lunch without increase in pulse rate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dexamphetamine increased speech and visual unimodal illusions in healthy participants without affecting temporal binding window","authors":"Fui-Ling Voon,&nbsp;Sean J. Loffman,&nbsp;Mark J. H. Lim,&nbsp;Joseph W. Y. Lee,&nbsp;Rajan Iyyalol,&nbsp;Mathew T. Martin-Iverson","doi":"10.1002/hup.2896","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2896","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stimuli received beyond a very short timeframe, known as temporal binding windows (TBWs), are perceived as separate events. In previous audio-visual multisensory integration (McGurk effect) studies, widening of TBWs has been observed in people with schizophrenia. The present study aimed to determine if dexamphetamine could increase TBWs in unimodal auditory and unimodal visual illusions that may have some validity as experimental models for auditory and visual hallucinations in psychotic disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A double-blind, placebo-controlled, counter-balanced crossover design with permuted block randomisation for drug order was followed. Dexamphetamine (0.45 mg/kg, PO, q.d.) was administered to healthy participants. Phantom word illusion (speech illusion) and visual-induced flash illusion/VIFI (visual illusion) tests were measured to determine if TBWs were altered as a function of delay between stimuli presentations. Word emotional content for phantom word illusions was also analysed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dexamphetamine significantly increased the total number of phantom words/speech illusions (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) for pooled 220–1100 ms ISIs in kernel density estimation and the number of positive valence words heard (beta = 2.20, 95% CI [1.86, 2.55], <i>t</i> = 12.46, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) with a large effect size (std. beta = 1.05, 95% CI [0.89, 1.22]) relative to placebo without affecting the TBWs. For the VIFI test, kernel density estimation for pooled 0–801 ms ISIs showed a significant difference (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) in the data distributions of number of target flash (es) perceived by participants after receiving dexamphetamine as compared with placebo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, healthy participants who were administered dexamphetamine (0.45 mg/kg, PO, q.d.) experienced increases in auditory and visual illusions in both phantom word illusion and VIFI tests without affecting their TBWs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139729523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of antipsychotics in obsessive compulsive disorder","authors":"Dario Conti,&nbsp;Nicolaja Girone,&nbsp;Maria Boscacci,&nbsp;Lorenzo Casati,&nbsp;Niccolò Cassina,&nbsp;Lucia Cerolini,&nbsp;Luca Giacovelli,&nbsp;Caterina Viganò,&nbsp;Marian Mora Conde,&nbsp;Laura Cremaschi,&nbsp;Bernardo M. Dell’Osso","doi":"10.1002/hup.2893","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2893","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic disease with a prevalence in the general population of around 2%–3%, generally accompanied by a severe impairment of functioning and quality of life. A consistent subgroup of patients may not achieve adequate symptom remission with first-line treatments (i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]). The most validated option for treatment-resistant cases relies on the augmentative use of antipsychotics to SSRIs, preferably of the ‘second generation’. Indeed, dopamine appears to be crucially involved in OCD neuropathology due to its implication in systems relating to goal-directed behaviour and maladaptive habits. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action of antipsychotics in OCD symptom improvement is still unclear. Risperidone, aripiprazole, and haloperidol seem to be the most useful medications, whereas ‘first generation’ antipsychotics may be indicated in case of comorbidity with tics and/or Tourette Syndrome. Antipsychotic augmentation may be also related to side-effects, particularly in the long term (e.g., alteration in metabolic profile, sedation, extrapyramidal symptoms). The present mini-review sought to provide the most updated evidence on augmentative antipsychotic use in treatment-resistant patients with OCD, providing a road map for clinicians in daily practice and shedding light on avenues for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139716044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professor Brian Leonard: Former Editor-in-Chief of Human Psychopharmacology","authors":"David S. Baldwin","doi":"10.1002/hup.2894","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2894","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;‘&lt;i&gt;Ní bheidh a leithéid ann arís&lt;/i&gt;’ (‘we won't see his like again’). Thus concluded the warm tribute to Professor Brian Leonard, posted on the British Association for Psychopharmacology website, on the sad news of his passing, after a short illness, in the final week of 2023 (see www.bap.org.uk). Brian was a former President of both the BAP and the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologicum (CINP) and served as Editor-in-Chief of &lt;i&gt;Human Psychopharmacology&lt;/i&gt; between 1994 and 1999 (succeeding the Founding Editor Guy Edwards, whose obituary was published last year: see Cowen, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). During his Editorship, the journal flourished in terms of its scientific content, international contributors, readership and impact.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Born in 1936, Brian became a leading figure in psychopharmacological research, education and training, over 50 years. After working at Nottingham University (1962–1968), and in the pharmaceutical industry (1968–1974, first at ICI Ltd, then Organon Laboratories), he became Founding Professor and Head of the Department of Pharmacology at University College Galway in 1974, continuing there until 1999, when he ‘retired’. He held Professor Emeritus status at the University of Galway, and a Visiting Professorship at the University of Maastricht from 2002, and an Honorary Professorship at Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich since 2007. He continued publishing scientific articles until the final months of 2023. His wide-ranging and influential research encompassed studies of anxiolytic and antidepressant compounds, the neurobiology of affective disorders, alcohol use disorders, and dementia, and he was an early pioneer in the realm of psychoneuroimmunology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;His former colleagues draw attention to his pioneering research in the development and characterisation of animal models of depression (most notably the olfactory bulbectomy model), and in preclinical studies of the pharmacology of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and other psychotropics: and his major contributions to investigating biomarkers of major psychiatric disorders, the metabolic syndrome in depression and schizophrenia, and in psychoneuroimmunology, where he was one of the first to recognise, investigate, and promote the importance of the brain-immune axis in depression and schizophrenia. He received the BAP Lifetime Achievement Award in 2008.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brian was a truly inspirational lecturer, combining his extensive knowledge of pharmacology with panache and cheeky humour, encouraging many to pursue careers in clinical and experimental psychopharmacology and translational and applied neuroscience. After notional ‘retirement’ he travelled widely, in particular to low and middle income countries in Africa and Asia, lecturing to international colleagues and inspiring the emerging generations of academic and clinical researchers. He received the CINP Arvid Carlsson medal for education in 2012. In addition, Brian had a lifelong passion for challenging","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2894","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139702392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opioid analgesics prescribing trends 2010–2019 in Slovenia: National database study","authors":"Nanca Cebron Lipovec","doi":"10.1002/hup.2891","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2891","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant increases in global opioid use have been reported in recent decades. This study analyzed opioid utilization in outpatient care in Slovenia between 2010 and 2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective cross-sectional study performed a nationwide database analysis of all outpatient opioid analgesic prescriptions based on Slovenian health insurance claims data. Prevalence was defined as the number of recipients prescribed at least one opioid per 1000 inhabitants. Opioid consumption was presented as the total number of dispensed prescriptions per 1000 inhabitants and dispensed defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants for each year analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The age-standardized prevalence of opioid recipients decreased by 21.5% during the study period. Total opioid consumption decreased both in the number of prescriptions (−9.2%) and DDD (−5.4%). Tramadol consumption decreased in terms of the number of prescriptions (−12.2%) and DDD (−2.7%), whereas prescriptions for strong opioids increased (10.2%) and DDDs decreased (−16.2%). The results suggest less intensive prescribing of strong opioids and more intensive prescribing for tramadol. The most frequently used strong opioids were fentanyl and oxycodone/naloxone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of opioid recipients and opioid consumption is decreasing in Slovenia. Further research is needed to understand whether this finding reflects safe use or underuse of these important analgesics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2891","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139424653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fasedienol (PH94B) pherine nasal spray and steroidal hormones on electrogram responses and autonomic nervous system activity in healthy adult volunteers","authors":"Louis Monti,&nbsp;Rita Hanover,&nbsp;Ester Salmán,&nbsp;Ross A. Baker,&nbsp;Jaakko Lappalainen,&nbsp;Mark Smith","doi":"10.1002/hup.2892","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2892","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fasedienol (PH94B) is a pherine compound formulated as a nasal spray that is hypothesized to regulate olfactory-amygdala circuits of fear and anxiety. Fasedienol's effect on the local electrogram of nasal chemosensory neurons (EGNR) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses versus steroidal hormones and controls in healthy adults is reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight males and 8 females randomly received aerosolized control (propylene glycol) and study drugs (fasedienol, 17β-estradiol, progesterone, cortisol, and testosterone, 0.4 μg each in propylene glycol) onto the nasal septum mucosal lining at 30-min intervals over 2 sessions. EGNR was continuously monitored; autonomic parameters were recorded before and after administration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fasedienol significantly increased EGNR amplitude (males: 5.0 vs. 0.6 mV, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; females:5.7 vs. 0.6 mV, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and rapidly reduced respiratory rate (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), heart rate (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and electrodermal activity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) versus control. EGNR and ANS responses after steroidal hormone administration were similar to control. 81% reported feeling less tense/more relaxed after receiving fasedienol, but not after receiving either control or steroidal hormones.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intranasal fasedienol, but not control or steroidal hormones, activated EGNR and rapidly reduced ANS responses, consistent with sympatholytic effects. Combined with subjective reports, results suggest fasedienol may provide acute relief in anxiety conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139402546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probable effects of polypharmacy and equivalent doses of psychotropic drugs on prevalence of adverse drug events among psychiatric inpatients in a general hospital in Japan","authors":"Keisuke Aoyama,&nbsp;Tomoya Tachi,&nbsp;Satoaki Kubo,&nbsp;Aisa Koyama,&nbsp;Mayuko Watanabe,&nbsp;Satoshi Aoyama,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Noguchi,&nbsp;Kazuhide Tanaka,&nbsp;Masahiro Yasuda,&nbsp;Akihiko Shibata,&nbsp;Takashi Mizui,&nbsp;Hitomi Teramachi","doi":"10.1002/hup.2890","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2890","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In psychiatry, polypharmacy or high psychotropic drug doses increase adverse drug event (ADE) prevalence. However, the full relationship between polypharmacy and ADEs is unclear, and few studies have evaluated dose equivalents for psychotropic drugs for ADEs. Thus, we conducted a retrospective analysis to clarify the effects of polypharmacy and chlorpromazine (CP)-, diazepam (DAP)-, and imipramine- equivalent doses on all ADEs in inpatients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychiatric inpatients in a Japanese hospital from April 1, 2016 to March 31, 2018, were enrolled. ADE severity and causality were assessed. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate ADE risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 462 patients analyzed, out of 471 patients enrolled, 145 (31.4%) experienced ADEs. The causality assessment determined that “possible” was 96.5%. The most common ADEs were nervous system disorders (35%). Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated an increase in ADE prevalence with the number of drugs used (≥5; <i>p</i> = 0.026); CP-equivalent dose (<i>p</i> = 0.048); and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic disorders (<i>p</i> = 0.045). DAP-equivalent dose; infectious and parasitic diseases; and injury, poisoning, and consequences of other external causes decreased ADE prevalence (<i>p</i> = 0.047, 0.022, and 0.021, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Avoiding polypharmacy in psychiatric inpatients and adjusting drug regimens to safe equivalent doses could reduce ADEs during hospitalization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of sentiment in 11,816 psychoactive narratives","authors":"Sam Freesun Friedman,&nbsp;Galen Ballentine","doi":"10.1002/hup.2889","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2889","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Can machine learning (ML) enable data-driven discovery of how changes in sentiment correlate with different psychoactive experiences? We investigate by training models directly on text testimonials from a diverse 52-drug pharmacopeia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using large language models (i.e. BERT) and 11,816 publicly-available testimonials, we predicted 28-dimensions of sentiment across each narrative, and then validated these predictions with adjudication by a clinical psychiatrist. BERT was then fine-tuned to predict biochemical and demographic information from these narratives. Lastly, canonical correlation analysis linked the drugs' receptor affinities with word usage, revealing 11 statistically-significant latent receptor-experience factors, each mapped to a 3D cortical Atlas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These methods elucidate a neurobiologically-informed, sequence-sensitive portrait of drug-induced subjective experiences. The models' results converged, revealing a pervasive distinction between the universal psychedelic heights of feeling in contrast to the grim, mundane, and personal experiences of addiction and mental illness. Notably, MDMA was linked to “Love”, DMT and 5-MeO-DMT to “Mystical Experiences” and “Entities and Beings”, and other tryptamines to “Surprise”, “Curiosity” and “Realization\".</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ML methods can create unified and robust quantifications of subjective experiences with many different psychoactive substances and timescales. The representations learned are evocative and mutually confirmatory, indicating great potential for ML in characterizing psychoactivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2889","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138799677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SSRIs in the course of COVID-19 pneumonia: Evidence of effectiveness of antidepressants on acute inflammation. A retrospective study","authors":"Leonardo Fei,&nbsp;Bernardo Bozza,&nbsp;Giulia Melani,&nbsp;Lorenzo Righi,&nbsp;Gabriele Santarelli,&nbsp;Ottone Baccaredda Boy,&nbsp;Davide Benedetti,&nbsp;Andrea Falone,&nbsp;Dario Flaccomio,&nbsp;Gabriele Giuranno,&nbsp;Michela Martelli,&nbsp;Pierpaolo Merola,&nbsp;Sandra Moretti,&nbsp;Endrit Ndoci,&nbsp;Vincenzo Pecoraro,&nbsp;Serena Siviglia,&nbsp;Andrea Berni,&nbsp;Alessandra Fanelli,&nbsp;Eleonora Giovagnini,&nbsp;Alessandro Morettini,&nbsp;Carlo Nozzoli,&nbsp;Ombretta Para,&nbsp;Carlo Rostagno,&nbsp;Camilla Tozzetti","doi":"10.1002/hup.2887","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2887","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Relationships between inflammation and mood have been observed in terms of pro-inflammatory effects induced by depressive conditions and, in parallel, by an antidepressant-induced favorable effect on the recovery of inflammatory states. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs were hypothesized to improve the prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia, a typical acute inflammation, in terms of decreased mortality rate and pro-inflammatory cytokine serum levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The medical records of COVID-19 pneumonia inpatients at Careggi University Hospital (Florence) were analyzed for prognosis and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) after admission for over a period of 22 months. Medical records of patients treated at admission and not discontinued until discharge with an SSRI or with vortioxetine were identified. Two groups, one treated with antidepressants, the other not treated, were evaluated according to the mentioned parameters. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The entire sample composed of 1236 records (recovered patients 77.1%, deceased patients 22.9%). The treated group (<i>n</i> = 107) had a better prognosis than the untreated group in spite of age and comorbidity both being greater than in the untreated group. Correspondingly, IL-6 levels in the treated group were significantly lower (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) than the levels in the untreated group, in every comparison.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Outcomes of this study support the hypothesis of the favorable influence of some antidepressants on the prognosis of COVID-19, possibly mediated by IL-6 modulation. Reduction in acute inflammation induced by the action of antidepressants was confirmed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138498275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}