Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental最新文献

{"title":"Belief in caffeine's ergogenic effect on cognitive function and endurance performance: A sham dose-response study.","authors":"Nathan Delang,&nbsp;Christopher Irwin,&nbsp;Gregory R Cox,&nbsp;Danielle McCartney,&nbsp;Ben Desbrow","doi":"10.1002/hup.2792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine if belief in caffeine's ergogenic potential influences choice reaction time (CRT) and/or running performance. Twenty-nine healthy individuals (23.7 ± 5 years, 16 males) completed two trials (one week apart). Before the trials, participants indicated their \"belief\" in caffeine's ergogenic effects and previous \"experience\" using caffeine for performance. On arrival, participants randomly received either sham \"Low (100mg; LD)\" or \"High (300mg; HD)\" dose caffeine capsules 30-min before commencing the CRT test, followed by a 10km run. Paired samples t-tests determined differences between trials for CRT latency (Ex-Gaussian analysis; μ-, σ- and τ-) and running performance using the entire cohort and sub-groups exhibiting strong \"beliefs\"+/-\"experience\". Sham caffeine dose did not influence CRT (μ-, σ- and τ-respectively, LD: 400 ± 53ms vs. HD: 388 ± 41ms; LD: 35 ± 18ms vs. HD: 34 ± 17ms; LD: 50 ± 24ms vs. HD: 52 ± 19ms, all p's > 0.05). Neither belief (n = 6), nor belief + experience (n = 4), influenced this effect. Furthermore, caffeine dose did not influence run time (LD: 49.05 ± 3.75min vs. HD: 49.06 ± 3.85min, p = 0.979). Belief (n = 9) (LD: 48.93 ± 3.71min vs. HD: 48.9 ± 3.52min, p = 0.976), and belief + experience (n = 6) (LD: 48.68 ± 1.87min vs. HD: 49.55 ± 1.75min, p = 0.386) didn't influence this effect. A dose-response to sham caffeine ingestion was not evident on cognitive or endurance performance in healthy individuals, regardless of their convictions about caffeine's ergogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"36 5","pages":"e2792"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2792","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38942710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility gene CDKAL1 polymorphism is associated with depressive symptom in first-episode drug-naive schizophrenic patients.","authors":"Xu Yuan Yin,&nbsp;Peng Chen,&nbsp;Hai Wen Zhu,&nbsp;Xiao Li Yin,&nbsp;Gang Ye,&nbsp;Yu Yan Chi,&nbsp;Zhao Peng Kang,&nbsp;Hong Yan Sun,&nbsp;Wen Long Hou,&nbsp;Lu Yang Guan,&nbsp;Zhen Hua Zhu,&nbsp;Zhen Tang,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Guang Ya Zhang,&nbsp;Qiu Fang Jia,&nbsp;Li Hui","doi":"10.1002/hup.2790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with schizophrenia have an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus that has shown a significant association with the rs7754840 polymorphism in the gene encoding the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulatory subunit-associated protein 1-like 1 (CDKAL1).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine whether this polymorphism was involved in the susceptibility in first-episode drug-naive schizophrenic patients (FDSP), and further influenced their clinical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This polymorphism was genotyped in 239 FDSP and 368 healthy controls. The clinical symptoms in FDSP were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) five-factor models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in the allelic and genotypic frequencies of this polymorphism between two groups (both p > 0.05) after adjusting for covariates. However, the PANSS depressive score significantly differed by genotype in FDSP after adjusting for covariates (F = 5.25, p = 0.006). This significant difference also persisted after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). FDSP with C/C genotype had significantly higher PANSS depressive score than those with C/G genotype (p = 0.007) and those with G/G genotype (p = 0.005). Moreover, further stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed the significant association between the rs7754840 polymorphism and PANSS depressive score in FDSP (β = -1.07, t = -2.75, p = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrated that although the CDKAL1 rs7754840 polymorphism did not contribute to the susceptibility to FDSP, it might be implicated in depressive symptoms in this patient group.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"36 5","pages":"e2790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38876011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does sodium oxybate inhibit brain dopamine release in humans? An exploratory neuroimaging study.","authors":"Stephen J Kish,&nbsp;Gerald O'Leary,&nbsp;Mortimer Mamelak,&nbsp;Tina McCluskey,&nbsp;Jerry J Warsh,&nbsp;Colin Shapiro,&nbsp;Robert Bies,&nbsp;Yifan Yu,&nbsp;Bruce Pollock,&nbsp;Junchao Tong,&nbsp;Isabelle Boileau","doi":"10.1002/hup.2791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish in an exploratory neuroimaging study whether γ-hydroxybutyrate (sodium oxybate [SO]), a sedative, anti-narcoleptic drug with abuse potential, transiently inhibits striatal dopamine release in the human.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten healthy participants (30 years; 6M, 4F) and one participant with narcolepsy received a baseline positron emission tomography scan of [C-11]raclopride, a D2/3 dopamine receptor radioligand sensitive to dopamine occupancy, followed approximately one week later by an oral sedative 3g dose of SO and two [C-11]raclopride scans (1 h, 7 h post SO). Plasma SO levels and drowsiness duration were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant changes were detected in [C-11]raclopride binding in striatum overall 1 or 7 h after SO, but a small non-significant increase in [C-11]raclopride binding, implying decreased dopamine occupancy, was noted in limbic striatal subdivision at one hour (+6.5%; p uncorrected = 0.045; +13.2%, narcolepsy participant), returning to baseline at 7 h. A positive correlation was observed between drowsiness duration and percent change in [C-11]raclopride binding in limbic striatum (r = 0.73; p = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We did not find evidence in this sample of human subjects of a robust striatal dopamine change, as was reported in non-human primates. Our preliminary data, requiring extension, suggest that a 3g sedative SO dose might cause slight transient inhibition of dopamine release in limbic striatum.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"36 5","pages":"e2791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2791","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38908454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting state functional connectivity in adolescent synthetic cannabinoid users with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Zeki Yüncü,&nbsp;Zehra Cakmak Celik,&nbsp;Ciğdem Colak,&nbsp;Tribikram Thapa,&nbsp;Alex Fornito,&nbsp;Emre Bora,&nbsp;Omer Kitis,&nbsp;Nabi Zorlu","doi":"10.1002/hup.2781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have become increasingly popular in recent years, especially among adolescents. The first aim of the current study was to examine resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in SC users compared to controls. Our second aim was to examine the influence of comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology on rsFC changes in SC users compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis included 25 SC users (14 without ADHD and 11 with ADHD combined type) and 12 control subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found (i) higher rsFC between the default mode network (DMN) and salience network, dorsal attention network and cingulo-opercular network, and (ii) lower rsFC within the DMN and between the DMN and visual network in SC users compared to controls. There were no significant differences between SC users with ADHD and controls, nor were there any significant differences between SC users with and without ADHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found the first evidence of abnormalities within and between resting state networks in adolescent SC users without ADHD. In contrast, SC users with ADHD showed no differences compared to controls. These results suggest that comorbidity of ADHD and substance dependence may show different rsFC alterations than substance use alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"36 5","pages":"e2781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25442404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of depression: Are psychotropic drugs appropriately dosed in women and in the elderly? Dosages of psychotropic drugs by sex and age in routine clinical practice","authors":"Waldemar Greil,&nbsp;Mateo de Bardeci,&nbsp;Johanna Seifert,&nbsp;Xueqiong Bernegger,&nbsp;Katja Cattapan,&nbsp;Hans Stassen,&nbsp;Anita L. Wagner,&nbsp;Marcel Sieberer,&nbsp;Renate Grohmann,&nbsp;Sermin Toto","doi":"10.1002/hup.2809","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2809","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Several researchers have shown higher concentration-dose ratios of psychotropic drugs in women and the elderly. Therefore, lower dosages of psychotropic drugs may be recommended in women and the elderly. This study describes sex- and age-related dosage of psychotropic drugs prescribed to patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in routine clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Influence of sex and age on dosages are analysed for the 10 most commonly prescribed drugs in our dataset consisting of 32,082 inpatients with MDD. Data stems from the European drug safety program “Arzneimittelsicherheit in der Psychiatrie”. The observed sex and age differences in prescriptions are compared to differences described in literature on age- and gender-related pharmacokinetics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among patients over 65 years, a statistically significant decrease in dosages with increasing age (between 0.65% and 2.83% for each increasing year of age) was observed, except for zopiclone. However, only slight or no influence of sex-related adjustment of dosage in prescriptions was found.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Age appears to influence adjustment of dosage in most psychotropic drugs, but to a lower extent than data on age-related pharmacokinetics suggests. Although literature also suggests that lower dosages of psychotropic drugs may be appropriate for females, this study found women are usually prescribed the same dosage as men.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2809","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39370020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-18 in chronic methamphetamine users","authors":"Yayan Luo,&nbsp;Hongbo He,&nbsp;Yufen Ou,&nbsp;Yanling Zhou,&nbsp;Ni Fan","doi":"10.1002/hup.2810","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2810","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic methamphetamine use causes aberrant changes in cytokines. Our aim was to analyze the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-18 in chronic methamphetamine users. Associations between cytokines levels with the demographic properties, methamphetamine use properties, and psychiatric symptoms in chronic methamphetamine users were also evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-eight chronic methamphetamine users who did not continue methamphetamine exposure since hospitalization and 64 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-18 were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Psychopathological symptoms of chronic methamphetamine users were evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-18 were significantly increased in methamphetamine users who did not continue methamphetamine exposure since hospital admission (average days since last methamphetamine use = 39.06 ± 7.48) when compared to those in controls. Serum IL-6 levels showed significant positive associations with BDI score and current frequency of methamphetamine use in chronic methamphetamine users.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest that increased TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-18 levels may have an important role in chronic methamphetamine use-associated psychopathological symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39343354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response efficacy and heterogeneity of antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: Systemic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Jia Tang,&nbsp;Xue Zhang,&nbsp;Mohamed E. A. Abdelrahim,&nbsp;Zubin Yin","doi":"10.1002/hup.2808","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2808","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Backgrounds</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This meta-analysis aimed to assess antipsychotic and placebo effects in patients with schizophrenia at the level of symptom factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic literature search up to June 2020 was undertaken and 62 studies were included, with 23,478 patients with schizophrenia at the study baseline point. We calculated mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. The comparison was made according to the study content using a continuous method with a random-effects model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with schizophrenia treated by antipsychotic drugs had a significantly lower psychiatric rating scale total score; lower clinical global impression of severity; lower positive and negative syndrome scale; and lower assessment of negative symptoms total score, when compared to placebo treated patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with schizophrenia treated with an antipsychotic drug show a much greater improvement and lower inconsistency in the level of symptom factors when compared to the effects of placebo. Our findings evidence for a comparatively homogeneous outcome of the antipsychotic-treatment in improving schizophrenia symptoms. This opposes the notion of the presence of patient sub-groups with treatment non-responsive schizophrenia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2808","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39332470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ayahuasca may help to improve self-compassion and self-criticism capacities","authors":"Elisabet Domínguez-Clavé,&nbsp;Joaquim Soler,&nbsp;Matilde Elices,&nbsp;Alba Franquesa,&nbsp;Enric Álvarez,&nbsp;Juan C. Pascual","doi":"10.1002/hup.2807","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2807","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ayahuasca is a psychedelic brew that originated in the Amazon basin. The psychological effects of this drug are becoming better understood due to the growing research interest in identifying new potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of emotion dysregulation and other disorders. Previous studies suggest that ayahuasca enhances mindfulness-related capacities (decentering, non-judging, non-reacting and acceptance) and emotion regulation. The aim of the present exploratory study was to determine the effects of ayahuasca on self-compassion in a community sample.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We administered validated questionnaires (the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form and Forms of Self-Criticism and Self-Reassurance) to evaluate pre-post changes in self-compassion and self-criticism/self-reassurance in 45 volunteers (27 women; 60%) before and after (≤24 h) an ayahuasca ceremony. Most participants (<i>n</i> = 29; 67.4%) had previously used ayahuasca.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ayahuasca resulted in significant improvements, with medium to large effect sizes (<i>η</i>^<i>2</i> = 0.184–0.276), in measures of self-compassion (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), self-criticism (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and self-reassurance (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings of this study suggest that ayahuasca promotes well-being and self-compassion, which could have a therapeutic effect on individuals with negative affect and other psychopathological conditions. Large, controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39325905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phase 1 double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zuranolone (SAGE-217) in a phase advance model of insomnia in healthy adults","authors":"Amy Bullock,&nbsp;Handan Gunduz-Bruce,&nbsp;Gary K. Zammit,&nbsp;Min Qin,&nbsp;Haihong Li,&nbsp;Abdul J. Sankoh,&nbsp;Christopher Silber,&nbsp;Stephen J. Kanes,&nbsp;Jeffrey Jonas,&nbsp;James Doherty","doi":"10.1002/hup.2806","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2806","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate single zuranolone (SAGE-217) 30 or 45 mg doses in a 5-h phase advance insomnia model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this double-blind, three-way crossover study, healthy adults received placebo (<i>n</i> = 41), zuranolone 30 mg (<i>n</i> = 44), and zuranolone 45 mg (<i>n</i> = 42) across three treatment periods. Sleep was assessed by polysomnography and a postsleep questionnaire. Next-day residual effects and safety/tolerability were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with placebo, zuranolone resulted in significant improvements in median sleep efficiency (30 mg, 84.6%; 45 mg, 87.6%; placebo, 72.9%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for both doses), wake after sleep onset (WASO; 30 mg, 55.0 min; 45 mg, 42.5 min; placebo, 113.0 min; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for both doses), duration of awakenings (30 mg, 4.2 min, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; 45 mg, 3.7 min, <i>p</i> = 0.001; placebo, 7.4 min), and total sleep time (TST; 30 mg, 406.3 min; 45 mg, 420.3 min; placebo, 350.0 min; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for both doses). Subjective endpoints (WASO, TST, sleep latency, sleep quality) also improved relative to placebo. Zuranolone was generally well tolerated, and the most common adverse events (≥2 participants, any period) were headache and fatigue.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Zuranolone improved sleep measures versus placebo in a phase advance model of insomnia in healthy adults, supporting future studies in patients with insomnia disorder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39278653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of (pre)clinical studies on the therapeutic potential and safety profile of kratom in humans","authors":"Elisabeth Prevete,&nbsp;Kim Paula Colette Kuypers,&nbsp;Eef Lien Theunissen,&nbsp;Ornella Corazza,&nbsp;Giuseppe Bersani,&nbsp;Johannes Gerardus Ramaekers","doi":"10.1002/hup.2805","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2805","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Kratom <i>(Mitragyna speciosa)</i> is a tropical plant traditionally used as an ethnomedicinal remedy for several conditions in South East Asia. Despite the increased interest in its therapeutical benefits in Western countries, little scientific evidence is available to support such claims, and existing data remain limited to kratom's chronic consumption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study aims to investigate (pre)clinical evidence on the efficacy of kratom as a therapeutic aid and its safety profile in humans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic literature search using PubMed and the Medline database was conducted between April and November 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both preclinical (<i>N</i> = 57) and clinical (<i>N</i> = 18) studies emerged from our search. Preclinical data indicated a therapeutic value in terms of acute/chronic pain (<i>N</i> = 23), morphine/ethanol withdrawal, and dependence (<i>N</i> = 14), among other medical conditions (<i>N</i> = 26). Clinical data included interventional studies (<i>N</i> = 2) reporting reduced pain sensitivity, and observational studies (<i>N</i> = 9) describing the association between kratom's chronic (daily/frequent) use and safety issues, in terms of health consequences (e.g., learning impairment, high cholesterol level, dependence/withdrawal).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although the initial (pre)clinical evidence on kratom's therapeutic potential and its safety profile in humans is encouraging, further validation in large, controlled clinical trials is required.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2805","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39224181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}