Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental最新文献

{"title":"Serotonin transporter availability, neurocognitive function and their correlation in abstinent 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine users","authors":"Foke L. van de Blaak,&nbsp;Glenn J. H. Dumont","doi":"10.1002/hup.2811","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2811","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Rationale</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MDMA or Ecstasy has made a resurgence in popularity and the majority of users consist of teenagers and adolescents. Therefore, it is important to determine whether MDMA causes long-term damage and what this damage entails. There is an ongoing debate about possible neurocognitive changes in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) users related to MDMA's neurotoxic potential. Multiple neuroimaging studies have shown that Ecstasy use leads to lower serotonin transporter (SERT) availability in multiple brain regions. This may express itself in a loss of cognitive functions like memory, attention and executive function. However, there is increasing evidence reporting that MDMA's induced serotonergic adaptations are reversible over time. The question we thus address is whether the recovery of SERT function predicts a recovery of cognitive function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review aims to investigate MDMA's long-term effects on SERT availability and cognitive functioning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A literature search was performed in PubMed. Studies that investigated the effects of MDMA on both SERT availability and cognitive performance were eligible for inclusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SERT availability positively correlated with time of abstinence, whereas memory performance did not show this correlation, but remained impaired in MDMA users. No significant correlation between SERT availability and memory function was found (<i>r</i> = 0.232, <i>p</i> = 0.581; <i>r</i> = 0.176, <i>p</i> = 0.677).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The main findings of this review are that MDMA-use leads to an acute decrease in SERT availability and causes an impairment in cognitive functions, mostly memory. However, SERT availability recovers with sustained abstinence while memory function does not. This suggests that SERT availability is not a biomarker for MDMA-induced cognitive impairment and likely also not for MDMA-induced neurotoxicity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2811","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39403853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of psychotropic medication changes among mood disordered women across the peripartum period.","authors":"Lindsay R Standeven,&nbsp;Jennifer L Payne,&nbsp;Meeta Pangtey,&nbsp;Lauren M Osborne","doi":"10.1002/hup.2786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Peripartum depression is a leading contributor to peripartum morbidity and mortality. Despite the evidence for relative safety, many patients and providers remain reluctant to use or modify psychotropics in the peripartum period. We hypothesized that depressed women in the peripartum period taking psychiatric medications would not experience dose adjustments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Women with a prior history of either Major Depressive Disorder or Bipolar Affective Disorder were followed through pregnancy and the postpartum period (N = 229). Depressive symptoms were measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), with a score ≥ 13 indicating likely depression. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antepartum depression was more common than postpartum depression (PPD; 29% vs. 20%); 38% of women with antepartum depression also had PPD. Regression analysis revealed that, although depressed women in pregnancy were not more likely to have a dose adjustment than nondepressed women (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 0.8-4.6), depressed women in the postpartum were more likely to receive a medication change than nondepressed women (OR: 6.3, 95% CI: 2.0-20.4).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a naturalistic study, more medication adjustments for depression occurred in the postpartum than in pregnancy. This may indicate that antepartum depression is undertreated.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"36 5","pages":"e2786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25446564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with the severity of delirium.","authors":"Masako Tachibana,&nbsp;Toshiya Inada,&nbsp;Masaru Ichida,&nbsp;Shihori Kojima,&nbsp;Mayumi Shioya,&nbsp;Kazuki Wakayama,&nbsp;Norio Ozaki","doi":"10.1002/hup.2787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Various factors affecting the development of delirium have been identified. However, the associations between the severity of delirium and potentially related factors have not been adequately investigated. The aim of the present study was to explore factors associated with the severity of delirium and to identify the reversible contributing factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 577 patients with delirium referred to the Department of Psychiatry during the 5 years from May 2015 to April 2020 at a general hospital were included. The Delirium Rating Scale-revised-98 (DRS-R-98) was used to measure the severity of delirium. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether individual factors were associated with the severity of delirium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intensive care unit admission (p = 0.003), use of benzodiazepines (p = 0.01), dementia (p = 0.02), and older age (p = 0.045) were all positively associated the severity of delirium, while use of β-blockers (p = 0.001) was negatively associated with the severity of delirium.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reversible contributing factors, that is use of benzodiazepines, should be avoided as much as possible, especially in elderly patients or patients with dementia or patients who need critical care in ICU. Reducing the dose of benzodiazepines or switching them to other drugs should be a priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"36 5","pages":"e2787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25497907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hup.2747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2747","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2747","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48793840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initiation of psychotropic medication in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Association with clinical and biological characteristics.","authors":"Enrico Capuzzi,&nbsp;Alice Caldiroli,&nbsp;Silvia Leo,&nbsp;Massimiliano Buoli,&nbsp;Massimo Clerici","doi":"10.1002/hup.2789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) show a high rate of neuropsychiatric manifestations, possibly related to a higher risk of serious illness or death. Use of psychotropic medications (PMs) indicates the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 patients. So far, potential clinical predictors of use of PMs have not been much investigated. In order to extend research in this area, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of PM prescription among a sample of inpatients with COVID-19 and to find potential predictors of initiation of PMs in these individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional single-center study, conducted during the first outbreak peak in a hospital of northern Italy. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, comorbidities, routine blood test, use of potential COVID-19 treatments, and length of stay were retrieved from medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were available for 151 inpatients. Forty-seven of them (31.1%) started at least one prescription of a PM. PM prescription was significantly inversely associated with lymphocyte and platelet counts. A significant association was also found for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that the initiation of PMs could be common among COVID-19 inpatients. Lymphocyte and platelet counts as well as LDH levels may reflect neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"36 5","pages":"e2789"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2789","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25607630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective chart review to determine the safety and efficacy of prazosin for nightmares related to posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans.","authors":"Chinedu Diokpa,&nbsp;Kristen Backe,&nbsp;John Pinsonnault","doi":"10.1002/hup.2785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of prazosin for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related nightmares in veterans and to analyze subgroup benefit/risk to guide prescribing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with a previous prescription for prazosin between 1 June 2007 and 30 June 2017 were collected from the institution's electronic records. Efficacy (including nightmare frequency, and clinical PTSD rating scales) and safety (including blood pressure) data were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-four patients were included in the analysis. The primary outcome, item 2 of the PTSD checklist, decreased from 4.00 to 3.19 (on a scale of 1-5), which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Nightmare frequency was found to have a statistically significant decrease from four to two times per week on average (p = 0.00002, 95% CI 2.36 [1.39-3.33]). Of the patients who reported the greatest response (n = 23), 91% (n = 21) were on an antidepressant and 61% (n = 14) were receiving concurrent psychotherapy. This is compared to 90% (n = 76) and 44% (n = 37) of the total cohort, respectively. No significant differences were found in blood pressure or suicidal ideation (p = 0.58 and p = 0.22, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prazosin may be considered as an adjunct option to decrease nightmare frequency in patients already receiving first-line treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"36 5","pages":"e2785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25516821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Belief in caffeine's ergogenic effect on cognitive function and endurance performance: A sham dose-response study.","authors":"Nathan Delang,&nbsp;Christopher Irwin,&nbsp;Gregory R Cox,&nbsp;Danielle McCartney,&nbsp;Ben Desbrow","doi":"10.1002/hup.2792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine if belief in caffeine's ergogenic potential influences choice reaction time (CRT) and/or running performance. Twenty-nine healthy individuals (23.7 ± 5 years, 16 males) completed two trials (one week apart). Before the trials, participants indicated their \"belief\" in caffeine's ergogenic effects and previous \"experience\" using caffeine for performance. On arrival, participants randomly received either sham \"Low (100mg; LD)\" or \"High (300mg; HD)\" dose caffeine capsules 30-min before commencing the CRT test, followed by a 10km run. Paired samples t-tests determined differences between trials for CRT latency (Ex-Gaussian analysis; μ-, σ- and τ-) and running performance using the entire cohort and sub-groups exhibiting strong \"beliefs\"+/-\"experience\". Sham caffeine dose did not influence CRT (μ-, σ- and τ-respectively, LD: 400 ± 53ms vs. HD: 388 ± 41ms; LD: 35 ± 18ms vs. HD: 34 ± 17ms; LD: 50 ± 24ms vs. HD: 52 ± 19ms, all p's > 0.05). Neither belief (n = 6), nor belief + experience (n = 4), influenced this effect. Furthermore, caffeine dose did not influence run time (LD: 49.05 ± 3.75min vs. HD: 49.06 ± 3.85min, p = 0.979). Belief (n = 9) (LD: 48.93 ± 3.71min vs. HD: 48.9 ± 3.52min, p = 0.976), and belief + experience (n = 6) (LD: 48.68 ± 1.87min vs. HD: 49.55 ± 1.75min, p = 0.386) didn't influence this effect. A dose-response to sham caffeine ingestion was not evident on cognitive or endurance performance in healthy individuals, regardless of their convictions about caffeine's ergogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"36 5","pages":"e2792"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2792","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38942710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility gene CDKAL1 polymorphism is associated with depressive symptom in first-episode drug-naive schizophrenic patients.","authors":"Xu Yuan Yin,&nbsp;Peng Chen,&nbsp;Hai Wen Zhu,&nbsp;Xiao Li Yin,&nbsp;Gang Ye,&nbsp;Yu Yan Chi,&nbsp;Zhao Peng Kang,&nbsp;Hong Yan Sun,&nbsp;Wen Long Hou,&nbsp;Lu Yang Guan,&nbsp;Zhen Hua Zhu,&nbsp;Zhen Tang,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Guang Ya Zhang,&nbsp;Qiu Fang Jia,&nbsp;Li Hui","doi":"10.1002/hup.2790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with schizophrenia have an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus that has shown a significant association with the rs7754840 polymorphism in the gene encoding the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulatory subunit-associated protein 1-like 1 (CDKAL1).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine whether this polymorphism was involved in the susceptibility in first-episode drug-naive schizophrenic patients (FDSP), and further influenced their clinical symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This polymorphism was genotyped in 239 FDSP and 368 healthy controls. The clinical symptoms in FDSP were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) five-factor models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in the allelic and genotypic frequencies of this polymorphism between two groups (both p > 0.05) after adjusting for covariates. However, the PANSS depressive score significantly differed by genotype in FDSP after adjusting for covariates (F = 5.25, p = 0.006). This significant difference also persisted after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). FDSP with C/C genotype had significantly higher PANSS depressive score than those with C/G genotype (p = 0.007) and those with G/G genotype (p = 0.005). Moreover, further stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed the significant association between the rs7754840 polymorphism and PANSS depressive score in FDSP (β = -1.07, t = -2.75, p = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrated that although the CDKAL1 rs7754840 polymorphism did not contribute to the susceptibility to FDSP, it might be implicated in depressive symptoms in this patient group.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"36 5","pages":"e2790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38876011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does sodium oxybate inhibit brain dopamine release in humans? An exploratory neuroimaging study.","authors":"Stephen J Kish,&nbsp;Gerald O'Leary,&nbsp;Mortimer Mamelak,&nbsp;Tina McCluskey,&nbsp;Jerry J Warsh,&nbsp;Colin Shapiro,&nbsp;Robert Bies,&nbsp;Yifan Yu,&nbsp;Bruce Pollock,&nbsp;Junchao Tong,&nbsp;Isabelle Boileau","doi":"10.1002/hup.2791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish in an exploratory neuroimaging study whether γ-hydroxybutyrate (sodium oxybate [SO]), a sedative, anti-narcoleptic drug with abuse potential, transiently inhibits striatal dopamine release in the human.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten healthy participants (30 years; 6M, 4F) and one participant with narcolepsy received a baseline positron emission tomography scan of [C-11]raclopride, a D2/3 dopamine receptor radioligand sensitive to dopamine occupancy, followed approximately one week later by an oral sedative 3g dose of SO and two [C-11]raclopride scans (1 h, 7 h post SO). Plasma SO levels and drowsiness duration were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant changes were detected in [C-11]raclopride binding in striatum overall 1 or 7 h after SO, but a small non-significant increase in [C-11]raclopride binding, implying decreased dopamine occupancy, was noted in limbic striatal subdivision at one hour (+6.5%; p uncorrected = 0.045; +13.2%, narcolepsy participant), returning to baseline at 7 h. A positive correlation was observed between drowsiness duration and percent change in [C-11]raclopride binding in limbic striatum (r = 0.73; p = 0.017).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We did not find evidence in this sample of human subjects of a robust striatal dopamine change, as was reported in non-human primates. Our preliminary data, requiring extension, suggest that a 3g sedative SO dose might cause slight transient inhibition of dopamine release in limbic striatum.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"36 5","pages":"e2791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2791","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38908454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting state functional connectivity in adolescent synthetic cannabinoid users with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Zeki Yüncü,&nbsp;Zehra Cakmak Celik,&nbsp;Ciğdem Colak,&nbsp;Tribikram Thapa,&nbsp;Alex Fornito,&nbsp;Emre Bora,&nbsp;Omer Kitis,&nbsp;Nabi Zorlu","doi":"10.1002/hup.2781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have become increasingly popular in recent years, especially among adolescents. The first aim of the current study was to examine resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in SC users compared to controls. Our second aim was to examine the influence of comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology on rsFC changes in SC users compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis included 25 SC users (14 without ADHD and 11 with ADHD combined type) and 12 control subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found (i) higher rsFC between the default mode network (DMN) and salience network, dorsal attention network and cingulo-opercular network, and (ii) lower rsFC within the DMN and between the DMN and visual network in SC users compared to controls. There were no significant differences between SC users with ADHD and controls, nor were there any significant differences between SC users with and without ADHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found the first evidence of abnormalities within and between resting state networks in adolescent SC users without ADHD. In contrast, SC users with ADHD showed no differences compared to controls. These results suggest that comorbidity of ADHD and substance dependence may show different rsFC alterations than substance use alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"36 5","pages":"e2781"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25442404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}