Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental最新文献

{"title":"Opioid analgesics prescribing trends 2010–2019 in Slovenia: National database study","authors":"Nanca Cebron Lipovec","doi":"10.1002/hup.2891","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2891","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant increases in global opioid use have been reported in recent decades. This study analyzed opioid utilization in outpatient care in Slovenia between 2010 and 2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective cross-sectional study performed a nationwide database analysis of all outpatient opioid analgesic prescriptions based on Slovenian health insurance claims data. Prevalence was defined as the number of recipients prescribed at least one opioid per 1000 inhabitants. Opioid consumption was presented as the total number of dispensed prescriptions per 1000 inhabitants and dispensed defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants for each year analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The age-standardized prevalence of opioid recipients decreased by 21.5% during the study period. Total opioid consumption decreased both in the number of prescriptions (−9.2%) and DDD (−5.4%). Tramadol consumption decreased in terms of the number of prescriptions (−12.2%) and DDD (−2.7%), whereas prescriptions for strong opioids increased (10.2%) and DDDs decreased (−16.2%). The results suggest less intensive prescribing of strong opioids and more intensive prescribing for tramadol. The most frequently used strong opioids were fentanyl and oxycodone/naloxone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of opioid recipients and opioid consumption is decreasing in Slovenia. Further research is needed to understand whether this finding reflects safe use or underuse of these important analgesics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2891","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139424653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fasedienol (PH94B) pherine nasal spray and steroidal hormones on electrogram responses and autonomic nervous system activity in healthy adult volunteers","authors":"Louis Monti,&nbsp;Rita Hanover,&nbsp;Ester Salmán,&nbsp;Ross A. Baker,&nbsp;Jaakko Lappalainen,&nbsp;Mark Smith","doi":"10.1002/hup.2892","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2892","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fasedienol (PH94B) is a pherine compound formulated as a nasal spray that is hypothesized to regulate olfactory-amygdala circuits of fear and anxiety. Fasedienol's effect on the local electrogram of nasal chemosensory neurons (EGNR) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses versus steroidal hormones and controls in healthy adults is reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight males and 8 females randomly received aerosolized control (propylene glycol) and study drugs (fasedienol, 17β-estradiol, progesterone, cortisol, and testosterone, 0.4 μg each in propylene glycol) onto the nasal septum mucosal lining at 30-min intervals over 2 sessions. EGNR was continuously monitored; autonomic parameters were recorded before and after administration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fasedienol significantly increased EGNR amplitude (males: 5.0 vs. 0.6 mV, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; females:5.7 vs. 0.6 mV, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and rapidly reduced respiratory rate (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), heart rate (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and electrodermal activity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) versus control. EGNR and ANS responses after steroidal hormone administration were similar to control. 81% reported feeling less tense/more relaxed after receiving fasedienol, but not after receiving either control or steroidal hormones.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intranasal fasedienol, but not control or steroidal hormones, activated EGNR and rapidly reduced ANS responses, consistent with sympatholytic effects. Combined with subjective reports, results suggest fasedienol may provide acute relief in anxiety conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139402546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probable effects of polypharmacy and equivalent doses of psychotropic drugs on prevalence of adverse drug events among psychiatric inpatients in a general hospital in Japan","authors":"Keisuke Aoyama,&nbsp;Tomoya Tachi,&nbsp;Satoaki Kubo,&nbsp;Aisa Koyama,&nbsp;Mayuko Watanabe,&nbsp;Satoshi Aoyama,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Noguchi,&nbsp;Kazuhide Tanaka,&nbsp;Masahiro Yasuda,&nbsp;Akihiko Shibata,&nbsp;Takashi Mizui,&nbsp;Hitomi Teramachi","doi":"10.1002/hup.2890","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2890","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In psychiatry, polypharmacy or high psychotropic drug doses increase adverse drug event (ADE) prevalence. However, the full relationship between polypharmacy and ADEs is unclear, and few studies have evaluated dose equivalents for psychotropic drugs for ADEs. Thus, we conducted a retrospective analysis to clarify the effects of polypharmacy and chlorpromazine (CP)-, diazepam (DAP)-, and imipramine- equivalent doses on all ADEs in inpatients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychiatric inpatients in a Japanese hospital from April 1, 2016 to March 31, 2018, were enrolled. ADE severity and causality were assessed. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate ADE risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 462 patients analyzed, out of 471 patients enrolled, 145 (31.4%) experienced ADEs. The causality assessment determined that “possible” was 96.5%. The most common ADEs were nervous system disorders (35%). Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated an increase in ADE prevalence with the number of drugs used (≥5; <i>p</i> = 0.026); CP-equivalent dose (<i>p</i> = 0.048); and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic disorders (<i>p</i> = 0.045). DAP-equivalent dose; infectious and parasitic diseases; and injury, poisoning, and consequences of other external causes decreased ADE prevalence (<i>p</i> = 0.047, 0.022, and 0.021, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Avoiding polypharmacy in psychiatric inpatients and adjusting drug regimens to safe equivalent doses could reduce ADEs during hospitalization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of sentiment in 11,816 psychoactive narratives","authors":"Sam Freesun Friedman,&nbsp;Galen Ballentine","doi":"10.1002/hup.2889","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2889","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Can machine learning (ML) enable data-driven discovery of how changes in sentiment correlate with different psychoactive experiences? We investigate by training models directly on text testimonials from a diverse 52-drug pharmacopeia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using large language models (i.e. BERT) and 11,816 publicly-available testimonials, we predicted 28-dimensions of sentiment across each narrative, and then validated these predictions with adjudication by a clinical psychiatrist. BERT was then fine-tuned to predict biochemical and demographic information from these narratives. Lastly, canonical correlation analysis linked the drugs' receptor affinities with word usage, revealing 11 statistically-significant latent receptor-experience factors, each mapped to a 3D cortical Atlas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These methods elucidate a neurobiologically-informed, sequence-sensitive portrait of drug-induced subjective experiences. The models' results converged, revealing a pervasive distinction between the universal psychedelic heights of feeling in contrast to the grim, mundane, and personal experiences of addiction and mental illness. Notably, MDMA was linked to “Love”, DMT and 5-MeO-DMT to “Mystical Experiences” and “Entities and Beings”, and other tryptamines to “Surprise”, “Curiosity” and “Realization\".</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ML methods can create unified and robust quantifications of subjective experiences with many different psychoactive substances and timescales. The representations learned are evocative and mutually confirmatory, indicating great potential for ML in characterizing psychoactivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2889","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138799677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SSRIs in the course of COVID-19 pneumonia: Evidence of effectiveness of antidepressants on acute inflammation. A retrospective study","authors":"Leonardo Fei,&nbsp;Bernardo Bozza,&nbsp;Giulia Melani,&nbsp;Lorenzo Righi,&nbsp;Gabriele Santarelli,&nbsp;Ottone Baccaredda Boy,&nbsp;Davide Benedetti,&nbsp;Andrea Falone,&nbsp;Dario Flaccomio,&nbsp;Gabriele Giuranno,&nbsp;Michela Martelli,&nbsp;Pierpaolo Merola,&nbsp;Sandra Moretti,&nbsp;Endrit Ndoci,&nbsp;Vincenzo Pecoraro,&nbsp;Serena Siviglia,&nbsp;Andrea Berni,&nbsp;Alessandra Fanelli,&nbsp;Eleonora Giovagnini,&nbsp;Alessandro Morettini,&nbsp;Carlo Nozzoli,&nbsp;Ombretta Para,&nbsp;Carlo Rostagno,&nbsp;Camilla Tozzetti","doi":"10.1002/hup.2887","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2887","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Relationships between inflammation and mood have been observed in terms of pro-inflammatory effects induced by depressive conditions and, in parallel, by an antidepressant-induced favorable effect on the recovery of inflammatory states. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs were hypothesized to improve the prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia, a typical acute inflammation, in terms of decreased mortality rate and pro-inflammatory cytokine serum levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The medical records of COVID-19 pneumonia inpatients at Careggi University Hospital (Florence) were analyzed for prognosis and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) after admission for over a period of 22 months. Medical records of patients treated at admission and not discontinued until discharge with an SSRI or with vortioxetine were identified. Two groups, one treated with antidepressants, the other not treated, were evaluated according to the mentioned parameters. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The entire sample composed of 1236 records (recovered patients 77.1%, deceased patients 22.9%). The treated group (<i>n</i> = 107) had a better prognosis than the untreated group in spite of age and comorbidity both being greater than in the untreated group. Correspondingly, IL-6 levels in the treated group were significantly lower (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) than the levels in the untreated group, in every comparison.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Outcomes of this study support the hypothesis of the favorable influence of some antidepressants on the prognosis of COVID-19, possibly mediated by IL-6 modulation. Reduction in acute inflammation induced by the action of antidepressants was confirmed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138498275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the understanding, source of availability and level of access of cognitive enhancers among university students in the United Arab Emirates: A qualitative study","authors":"Safia Sharif,&nbsp;Suzanne Fergus,&nbsp;Amira Guirguis,&nbsp;Nigel Smeeton,&nbsp;Fabrizio Schifano","doi":"10.1002/hup.2888","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2888","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of prescription stimulants for cognitive enhancement by healthy university students, identified as the largest cohort of cognitive enhancer (CE) users, is of growing interest. The purpose of this study was to look at the understanding, perception, experience, and level of access of CEs among healthy university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was conducted in six highly competitive university programmes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 university students to discuss their own experiences and those of their friends and peers regarding the use of prescription stimulants. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven teaching faculty staff members (registered pharmacists and medical doctors) to explore their views on the use of CEs in their university.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were analysed thematically for the identification of themes and subthemes within the data using coding. It was found that, ‘Adderall’ was the most common prescribed CE drug and caffeine super strength pills were the most common non-prescribed CE drug, both reported to enhance concentration, motivation, and meet academic deadlines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is expected that the findings of this study will be of interest to a wide range of services in UAE universities. This will enable them to raise awareness about the use of CEs among students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2888","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138459599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing concentrations of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone in psychiatric outpatients taking immediate-release formulations of risperidone","authors":"Zhihao Guo,&nbsp;Chunxiu Chen,&nbsp;Shuhua Deng,&nbsp;Haoyang Lu,&nbsp;Xiaojia Ni,&nbsp;Ming Zhang,&nbsp;Shanqing Huang,&nbsp;Yuguan Wen,&nbsp;Dewei Shang,&nbsp;Zhanzhang Wang","doi":"10.1002/hup.2886","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2886","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To analyze the factors affecting the concentrations of the active moiety of risperidone (RIS) and its active metabolite 9-hydroxyrisperidone (9-OH-RIS) in psychiatric outpatients taking immediate-release formulations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a retrospective study on the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data regarding RIS and 9-OH-RIS in adult psychiatric outpatients. TDM data with simultaneous RIS and 9-OH-RIS monitoring from March 2018 to February 2020 and relevant medical records (including dosage, dosage form, sex, age, diagnosis, combined medication, and comorbid disease) from 399 adult psychiatric outpatients (223 males and 176 females) were included in this study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The daily dose of RIS was 5.56 ± 2.05 mg, the concentration of total active moiety was 42.35 ± 25.46 ng/mL, and the dose-adjusted plasma concentration (C/D) of active moiety was 7.83 ± 3.87 (ng/ml)/(mg/day). Dose, sex, and age were identified as important factors influencing concentrations of RIS and 9-OH-RIS in adult psychiatric outpatients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individualized medication adjustments should be made according to the specific conditions of psychiatric outpatients. The findings strongly support the use of TDM to guide dosing decisions in psychiatric outpatients taking RIS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138176030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral edema associated with antidepressant use: Systematic review of case reports.","authors":"Jithin T Joseph, Rashmi Vishwanath, Samir Kumar Praharaj","doi":"10.1002/hup.2884","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oedema associated with psychotropics can impose a considerable burden, leading to increased morbidity and cost. Peripheral oedema is sometimes related to the use of antidepressants, which are among the most prescribed psychotropic medications. We reviewed the reported cases of antidepressant-associated oedema to understand the risk factors, aetiology and outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the Medline, Web of Science and Embase databases to identify reported cases of peripheral oedema associated with antidepressant use. We included studies published in English and those with full-text availability. A systematic review of the reports was done to identify the antidepressants associated with oedema, explore possible risk factors, investigate potential mechanisms, and assess the outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified a total of 45 cases (27 case reports and five case series) that reported oedema associated with antidepressant use. Almost all major classes of antidepressants were found to be associated with oedema. Among these drugs, trazodone, mirtazapine, and escitalopram were the most implicated. Older age and female gender were more commonly associated with oedema. Etiologically, antagonism of α₁ adrenergic receptors and 5HT_2A receptors, leading to vasodilation and oedema, emerged as the most prevalent mechanisms. In most cases, the oedema subsided following the discontinuation of the antidepressants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Peripheral oedema associated with antidepressant use can represent a significant adverse drug reaction involving various classes of antidepressants. To ensure timely identification and proper management of oedema, regular monitoring is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":" ","pages":"e2884"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71521296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral intake of carboxy alkyl ester improves attention: A randomized double-blind cross-over placebo-controlled study.","authors":"O'neil W Guthrie, Li Yang","doi":"10.1002/hup.2885","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To test the null hypothesis that oral intake of the dietary supplement carboxy alkyl ester (CAE) would have no effect on attention as revealed by mean rapid visual information processing (RVIP) scores.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized double-blind cross-over placebo-controlled trial, healthy participants (age 19-66 years) of both sexes were randomly assigned to consume 700 mg of CAE or 700 mg of placebo. They received baseline attention testing via the RVIP task. Then they consumed CAE or placebo followed by RVIP testing. Participants were then given a washout period where they did not consume CAE or placebo. Afterward, individuals who initially consumed CAE were given the placebo and those who initially consumed the placebo were given CAE. Finally, all participants were tested again via RVIP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A priori statistical computation revealed that 30-day oral intake of CAE improved mean RVIP test scores (t = 2.4, p < .05) relative to that at baseline, which resulted in a rejection of the null hypothesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Daily oral intake of the CAE dietary supplement may boost attention and further research is now needed to confirm this observation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":" ","pages":"e2885"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71423272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience and views of healthcare professionals towards people who use new psychoactive substances: Evidence from statutory, non-statutory, and private mental health and addiction healthcare services","authors":"David Solomon,&nbsp;Jeffrey Grierson,&nbsp;Lauren Godier-McBard,&nbsp;Amira Guirguis","doi":"10.1002/hup.2883","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2883","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is unclear how healthcare professionals (HCPs) experience and view the challenges of working with people who use New Psychoactive Substances (PWUNPS), in different healthcare services (HCS). The aim of the study was to explore HCPs' experiences of working with individuals who use NPS across statutory, non-statutory, and private mental health and addiction HCSs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HCPs completed in-depth semi-structured interviews. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim with a mean duration of 30 min 55 s. Data were analysed through thematic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A purposive sample of 14 HCPs (6 men, 8 women) with a mean age of 42.5 years were interviewed in 2019. Organisational issues, including funding, impacted the treatment for PWUNPS and HCPs perceived a lack of support dependent on their qualifications. They reported a lack of assessment, policy, harm reduction, and awareness of NPS-related symptoms including mental health problems and stigma faced by PWUNPS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HCPs need better training, education, and assessment processes to manage acute NPS intoxications and address the stigma associated with PWUNPS. There is a need for policy-making opportunities across different HCSs to ensure better healthcare outcomes for PWUNPS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2883","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41234858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}