Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental最新文献

{"title":"The first patient to receive olanzapine: A recollection","authors":"David S. Baldwin","doi":"10.1002/hup.2823","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2823","url":null,"abstract":"Olanzapine was approved for general use in patients with schizophrenia 25 years ago, in September 1996: however, the first patient to receive it did so in December 1988, by participating in a safety and dose‐finding study of an experimental compound, then designated LY170053, developed by the Eli Lilly pharmaceutical company at its neuroscience research centre in Erl Wood, Surrey. Awareness of the superior efficacy of clozapine when compared to other antipsychotic drugs had encouraged the search for related compounds which might preserve its efficacy and the reduced burden of extrapyramidal adverse effects, whilst avoiding tolerability problems such as weight gain and the risks of neutropenia and agranulocytosis. LY170053 had a marked molecular resemblance to clozapine, possessed somewhat similar pharmacological properties (Bymaster et al., 1996), and its administration produced effects in experimental animals like those seen with antipsychotic drugs (Moore et al., 1992), indicating that an initial investigation in patients was warranted. But pre‐clinical studies had suggested potential hepatoxicity, and the dosage for exerting possible antipsychotic effects in patients remained uncertain: such an investigation would necessarily involve exclusion of patients with any evidence of hepatic disease or dysfunction, and careful monitoring of liver function tests at baseline and during dosage escalation, whilst assessing any treatment effects on positive and negative features of schizophrenia. Dominic was in his early twenties when he arrived in London to labour on a building site. He soon missed his distant family, found it hard to banter with his robust workmates, became troubled by persecutory delusions and auditory hallucinations, and neglected his basic needs. He may have experienced something similar a few years before coming to England but was not able to recall having ever undergone psychotropic drug treatment. He knew he was unwell and readily consented to participate in the study. As baseline blood tests proved unremarkable, he started medication at the initial dosage of 10 mg/day, expecting twice‐weekly increases according to a pre‐ determined protocol, to a maximum of 120 mg/day over four weeks, with a potential two‐week extension. All went well, at first, although the ward pharmacist and nursing staff found it hard to dispense and offer a tablet called ‘LY170053’, referring to it informally as ‘lillazapine’. Delusions lessened in intensity in the second week of treatment, hallucinations become less frequent, and his appetite increased: but on Day 19, when the study medication dosage was 30 mg/day, he said he felt weak and sluggish: “I just don't feel right, doc”. Levels of ALT and AST enzymes were both greater than 2.5 times the upper limit of normal, and an ESR was raised. Treatment was stopped and hepatic enzymes returned to within normal limits within a week. He was switched to what was then conventional antipsychotic treatment (chlorpro","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"36 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39558954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How prevalent and severe is addiction on GABAmimetic drugs in an elderly German general hospital population? Focus on gabapentinoids, benzodiazepines, and z-hypnotic drugs","authors":"Udo Bonnet,&nbsp;Heath B. McAnally","doi":"10.1002/hup.2822","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2822","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gabapentinoids (GPT) are reported to be increasingly misused by opioid- and polydrug-users, but the addictive potential of GPT outside of these populations remains understudied. Investigations comparing GPT abuse and dependence liability to that of other commonly prescribed Central Nervous System-acting medications are therefore warranted. We provide a comparison of GPT-abuse/dependence to that of other GABAmimetics within an elderly population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DSM-IV-TR-based data (previously prospectively collected by SKID-I-interview) from a random sample of elderly patients admitted to a metropolitan German general hospital were reviewed. The prevalence and severity of GPT, benzodiazepine (BDZ), and z-hypnotic drug (ZD)-abuse and -dependence were compared, stratified also by mono-substance (no concurrent current or previous substance use) and de novo-substance (first)-abuse and -dependence states.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 400 patients (75 ± 6.4 years old; 63% females), neither current nor past abuse of BDZ, ZD or GPT, nor other illicit substances was observed. Dependence upon BDZ, ZD or GPT was observed among 55 (13.75%) individuals. The related lifetime/12-month prevalence-rates were: dependence condition (BDZ: 7%/2.45%; ZD: 4.25%/4.25%; GPT: 2.75/2.5%); mono-dependence condition (BDZ: 2.25%/0.75%; ZD: 1%/1%, GPT: 0%/0%); de novo-dependence condition (BDZ: 2.75%/1.75%; ZD: 1%/1%, GPT: 0.5%/0.5%). Opioid analgesic-dependence (<i>N</i> = 43/400) was significantly more frequently linked with BDZ than with GPT (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) [Correction added on 29 December 2021, after first online publication: In the sentence ‘Opioid analgesic-dependence…’, the term ‘and ZD’ has been deleted]. For all three GABAmimetic classes, most mono- and de novo-dependence states were mild-to-moderate and lasted 2–6 years (median).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GABAmimetic-dependence was usually mixed with other substance-dependences. Every third to fourth instance of BDZ- or ZD-dependence was a mono-dependence condition, while a pure GPT-dependence was absent in this elderly (and illicit substance-naïve) population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2822","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39552565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin and melatonin-agonists for metabolic syndrome components in patients treated with antipsychotics: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Alessandro Miola,&nbsp;Michele Fornaro,&nbsp;Fabio Sambataro,&nbsp;Marco Solmi","doi":"10.1002/hup.2821","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2821","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metabolic side effects are a limiting factor in the use of antipsychotics, which remain the cornerstone of long-term management of patients with severe mental illness. There is contrasting evidence on a possible role of melatonin and melatonin-agonists in attenuating antipsychotic-induced metabolic abnormalities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a systematic review (PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane databases, up to August 2020) and a random-effect meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) involving melatonin and melatonin-agonists in the treatment of antipsychotic-induced metabolic changes. The primary outcome was the standardized mean difference (SMD) of composite metabolic outcomes built with metabolic syndrome components. Secondary outcomes were individual metabolic syndrome components, and other anthropometric, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and psychopathology measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of the initial 41 studies, six documented five separate RCTs randomizing 248 patients (126 to melatonin/ramelteon, 122 to placebo) affected by schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and bipolar disorder. Melatonin/ramelteon outperformed placebo on the primary outcome (SMD −0.28, 95% CI = −0.39 ÷ −0.168), as well as on all individual components of metabolic syndrome (systolic blood pressure MD −3.266, 95% CI = −6.020 ÷ −0.511; fasting glucose MD −3.766, 95% CI = −5.938 ÷ −1.593; triglycerides MD −9.800, 95% CI = −19.431 ÷ −0.169; HDL MD 2.995, 95% CI = 0.567 ÷ 5.423), except waist circumference.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Melatonin/ramelteon augmentation may be beneficial for non-anthropometric metabolic syndrome components in patients treated with antipsychotics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39549109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-dose ketamine infusion in treatment-resistant double depression: Revisiting the adjunctive ketamine study of Taiwanese patients with treatment-resistant depression","authors":"Mu-Hong Chen,&nbsp;Hui-Ju Wu,&nbsp;Cheng-Ta Li,&nbsp;Wei-Chen Lin,&nbsp;Shih-Jen Tsai,&nbsp;Chen-Jee Hong,&nbsp;Pei-Chi Tu,&nbsp;Ya-Mei Bai,&nbsp;Wei-Chung Mao,&nbsp;Tung-Ping Su","doi":"10.1002/hup.2820","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2820","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whether a single low-dose ketamine infusion may have rapid antidepressant and antisuicidal effects in patients with treatment-resistant double depression remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study enrolled 35 patients with treatment-resistant double depression, 12 of whom received 0.5 mg/kg ketamine, 11 received 0.2 mg/kg ketamine, and 12 received normal saline as a placebo. The patients were assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS) prior to the initiation of infusions, at 40 and 240 min post-infusion, and sequentially on Days 2–7 and on Day 14 after ketamine or placebo infusions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A single 0.5 mg/kg ketamine infusion had rapid antidepressant (<i>p</i> = 0.031, measured by the HDRS) and antisuicidal (<i>p</i> = 0.033, measured by the HDRS item 3 scores) effects in patients with treatment-resistant double depression. However, 0.2 mg/kg ketamine was insufficient to exert rapid antidepressant and antisuicidal effects in this patient population with severe and chronic illness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this patient population, the commonly used dose of 0.5 mg/kg was sufficient. Additional studies are required to investigate whether repeated infusions of low-dose ketamine may also maintain antidepressant and antisuicidal effects in patients with treatment-resistant double depression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39477086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duloxetine attenuates pain in association with downregulation of platelet serotonin transporter in patients with burning mouth syndrome and atypical odontalgia","authors":"Mariko Nakamura,&nbsp;Akira Yoshimi,&nbsp;Akihiro Mouri,&nbsp;Tatsuya Tokura,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Kimura,&nbsp;Shinichi Kishi,&nbsp;Tomoya Miyauchi,&nbsp;Kunihiro Iwamoto,&nbsp;Mikiko Ito,&nbsp;Aiji Sato-Boku,&nbsp;Norio Ozaki,&nbsp;Toshitaka Nabeshima,&nbsp;Yukihiro Noda","doi":"10.1002/hup.2818","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2818","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was evaluation of the association between severity of pain and expression of total or ubiquitinated serotonin transporter (SERT) protein in patients with burning mouth syndrome and atypical odontalgia (BMS/AO), who were treated by duloxetine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with BMS/AO were assessed for severity of pain using the visual analog scale (VAS), and expression of total and ubiquitinated SERT protein in platelets before (baseline) and 12 weeks after duloxetine-treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The expression of total and ubiquitinated SERT protein at baseline in all patients (<i>n</i> = 33) were higher and lower, respectively, compared to those in healthy controls. 12 weeks after duloxetine-treatment, there was no difference in the total SERT protein levels between patients (<i>n</i> = 21) and healthy controls. In the 16 patients who could be measured, mean VAS scores and total SERT protein levels were significantly decreased after the treatment, compared to those at baseline. There was tendency for a positive correlation between total SERT protein levels and VAS scores in these patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings indicate that duloxetine relieves pain in association with downregulation of platelet SERT expression in patients with BMS/AO.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39431082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal effects of long-term lithium therapy, revisited","authors":"M. Kâzım Yazıcı,&nbsp;Elçin Özçelik Eroğlu,&nbsp;Aygün Ertuğrul,&nbsp;A. Elif Anıl Yağcıoğlu,&nbsp;Esen Ağaoğlu,&nbsp;Sevilay Karahan,&nbsp;Nurhayat Eni,&nbsp;Demet Sağlam Aykut,&nbsp;Özlem Kavak,&nbsp;Yunus Erdem","doi":"10.1002/hup.2812","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2812","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lithium treatment on renal function and to determine influencing factors. In addition, the utility of spot urine protein/creatinine ratio in detection of lithium induced nephropathy was also investigated.","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39431994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valproate-associated hair abnormalities: Pathophysiology and management strategies","authors":"Samir Kumar Praharaj,&nbsp;Ravindra N. Munoli,&nbsp;Suma T. Udupa,&nbsp;Sivapriya Vaidyanathan","doi":"10.1002/hup.2814","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2814","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To review the literature on valproate-associated hair abnormalities and the available treatment options.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords including “valproate”, “valproic acid”, “hair”, “alopecia”, and “effluvium,” supplemented with hand search from cross-references. We included all types of studies including case reports in this review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pathophysiology of hair loss includes telogen effluvium, biotin, mineral deficiency, and possibly hyperandrogenism. Diagnosis is based on history of hair loss or abnormalities following valproate treatment, and is confirmed by use of simple clinical tests such as pull test and modified wash test. Treatment involves reassurance and advice on hair care, and if possible drug discontinuation or dose reduction. Medications such as biotin and other vitamins with minerals supplementation is effective for most individuals with hair loss. Other treatment options are agomelatine, topical valproate or minoxidil, though these lack evidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hair abnormalities with valproate are common, benign adverse effects, and management includes general measures and specific treatment options.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39425061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of antipsychotic drug-induced hypothermia in psychogeriatric inpatients","authors":"Daniel Kamp,&nbsp;Myrella Paschali,&nbsp;Annabelle Bouanane,&nbsp;Julia Christl,&nbsp;Tillmann Supprian,&nbsp;Eva Meisenzahl-Lechner,&nbsp;Georg Kojda,&nbsp;Christian Lange-Asschenfeldt","doi":"10.1002/hup.2816","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2816","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hypothermia is a potentially lethal adverse reaction to typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs (APD). Among predisposing factors are advanced age and comorbid somatic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of hypothermia and quantify risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Charts of <i>N</i> = 3002 psychogeriatric inpatients were screened for incidence of hypothermia (body core temperature &lt;35.0°C). The frequency of hypothermia was compared between patients treated with versus without APD and, within the sample of APD-treated patients, for (1) specific APD, (2) sex, (3) main diagnosis, and (4) age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>N</i> = 54 cases (2.6%) of hypothermia occurred in APD-treated patients and 12 cases (1.3%) in non-APD-treated patients (<i>p</i> = 0.024). In APD-treated patients, only male sex (<i>p</i> = 0.038) and pipamperone were associated with a higher incidence of hypothermia (<i>p</i> = 0.0017). Whereas the main diagnosis delirium showed a trend to significance, age did not correlate with hypothermia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medication with pipamperone was associated with an increased risk of hypothermia. The advanced age of our sample might as well explain the high incidence of hypothermia within our sample and the failure to detect high age as a risk factor due to a ceiling effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39445025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restless Legs Syndrome among patients receiving antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs","authors":"Hanan Hany Elrassas,&nbsp;Yasser Abdel Razek Elsayed,&nbsp;Mai SeifElDin Abdeen,&nbsp;Mostafa Mohamed Shady,&nbsp;Ali Shalash,&nbsp;Mahmoud Morsy","doi":"10.1002/hup.2817","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2817","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) experience psychological distress and diminished quality of life. Antipsychotics and antidepressants are known to be linked to RLS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to investigate the presence of RLS in psychiatric patients who receive antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs and to determine potential risk factors for its occurrence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundred patients who received antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs for more than 1 month were recruited from two tertiary psychiatric centers in Cairo, Egypt. One hundred apparently healthy volunteers were also included. All patients and controls were screened using the four-items questionnaire (Arabic version) for RLS. RLS severity was scored according to the validated Arabic version of International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale (IRLS). Mimicking conditions were carefully investigated and excluded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-one percent of the patients who receive antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs were found to have RLS. Family history, past history and smoking are potential risk factors. Trazodone and haloperidol were less associated with RLS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although limited by its cross-sectional design, these findings suggest that patients who receive antipsychotic and antidepressant are susceptible to RLS. However, these results need to be replicated on a wider scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39425549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The antimuscarinic agent biperiden selectively impairs recognition of abstract figures without affecting the processing of non-words","authors":"Monika Toth,&nbsp;Anke Sambeth,&nbsp;Arjan Blokland","doi":"10.1002/hup.2819","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2819","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study investigated the effects of biperiden, a muscarinic type 1 antagonist, on the recognition performance of pre-experimentally unfamiliar abstract figures and non-words in healthy young volunteers. The aim was to examine whether 4 mg biperiden could model the recognition memory impairment seen in healthy aging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover study was conducted. We used a three-phase (deep memorization, shallow memorization, and recognition) old/new discrimination paradigm in which memory strength was manipulated. Strong memories were induced by deep encoding and repetition. Deep encoding was encouraged by redrawing the abstract figures and mentioning existing rhyme words for the non-words (semantic processing). Weak memories were created by merely instructing the participants to study the stimuli (shallow memorization).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biperiden impaired recognition accuracy and prolonged reaction times of the drawn and the studied abstract figures. However, participants were biased towards “old” responses in the placebo condition. The recognition of the new abstract figures was unaffected by the drug. Biperiden did not affect the recognition of the non-words.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although biperiden may model age-related deficits in episodic memory, the current findings indicate that biperiden does not mimic age-related deficits in recognition performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/hup.2819","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39425624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}