Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental最新文献

{"title":"Serum Tau and α-Synuclein in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Cross-Sectional Associations With Methylphenidate Treatment","authors":"Deniz Doğan,&nbsp;Elvan İşeri,&nbsp;Aybeniz Civan Kahve,&nbsp;Samet Can Demirci,&nbsp;Dicle Büyüktaşkın,&nbsp;Ahmet Özaslan,&nbsp;Taner Çin,&nbsp;Esra Kara Aşkın,&nbsp;Önder Aydemir,&nbsp;Özlem Gülbahar,&nbsp;Gizem Yaz Aydın,&nbsp;Tuba Saadet Deveci Bulut,&nbsp;Süreyya Barun","doi":"10.1002/hup.70068","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare serum total tau and α-synuclein among controls, drug-naïve children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and children with ADHD receiving methylphenidate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Original ELISA spreadsheets provided 26 controls, 29 evaluable drug-naïve participants and 32 methylphenidate-treated participants. Boundary-coded results (&gt; 500 pg/mL for tau; &lt; 938 pg/mL for α-synuclein) were assigned the recorded boundary for rank-based analyses. Groups were compared using Kruskal–Wallis tests and Dunn–Bonferroni contrasts; within-group associations used Spearman correlations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>α-Synuclein differed among groups (<i>H</i> = 49.859, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, <i>ε</i>² = 0.570), with all pairwise contrasts significant. Tau also differed (<i>H</i> = 10.492, <i>p</i> = 0.005, <i>ε</i>² = 0.101); drug-naïve ADHD had lower tau than controls, whereas the treated group differed from neither comparator after correction. The α-synuclein–tau correlation remained significant after false-discovery-rate adjustment only in drug-naïve ADHD (<i>ρ</i> = 0.443, adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.048).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum α-synuclein and total tau showed distinct cross-sectional group patterns. These associations do not establish methylphenidate effects and require prospective confirmation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"41 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Caffeine Intake Does Not Modulate Active or Reactive Inhibition in Non-Clinical Young Adults, and ADHD Symptoms Do Not Moderate Its Effects","authors":"Ahmet Altınok","doi":"10.1002/hup.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Caffeine is consumed for its presumed cognitive benefits, yet controlled studies have repeatedly failed to find effects on inhibitory control. Cross-sectional work suggests that people with elevated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms may benefit from chronic, moderate caffeine consumption, but whether acute intake improves cognition in proportion to symptom severity has not been tested experimentally.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We tested whether 250 mg of caffeine improves active inhibition (withholding a prepared response) and reactive inhibition (resolving response conflict), and whether ADHD symptom severity moderates these effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a preregistered, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, a nonclinical sample of 36 young adults received 250 mg of caffeine or placebo in counterbalanced order, with testing 45 min after ingestion. Active inhibition was assessed with a Go/No-Go task (204 trials), reactive inhibition with an arrow flanker task (200 trials) and symptoms with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. Mixed-effects models included treatment, symptom severity, their interaction and ten covariates; Bayes factors quantified evidence for the null.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both tasks produced their benchmark effects (dz = 1.24 and 1.09) and all indices were reliable (split-half <i>r</i> = 0.73–0.98). Caffeine affected neither commission errors (BF01 = 4.98), response criterion (5.14), Go reaction time (2.83), reaction time variability (4.35), flanker reaction time (5.49) nor flanker accuracy (5.09). ADHD symptoms moderated no effect (15 preregistered tests; smallest <i>p</i> = 0.514), yet predicted performance itself (flanker accuracy <i>r</i> = −0.42), indicating that the null is not due to an insensitive measure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Caffeine produced no acute benefit for either form of inhibition, and ADHD symptoms did not moderate its effects. Bayes factors supported the absence rather than the nondetection of these effects, arguing against an acute improvement of inhibitory control that scales with ADHD symptom severity in nonclinical young adults. Whether this also holds for chronic consumption or for adults with diagnosed ADHD remains to be tested.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"41 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149122797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Complement Component 4A and Neurofilament Light Chain Levels Before and After Risperidone Monotherapy in Patients With Psychosis","authors":"Rakesh R. Biradar,&nbsp;Rachna Gupta,&nbsp;Shruti Srivastava,&nbsp;Seema Jain","doi":"10.1002/hup.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recently, complement component 4A (C4A), a complement system protein, and neurofilament light chain (NfL), a neuroaxonal injury biomarker, have been found to be potentially implicated in the pathophysiology of psychosis. This study evaluated C4A and NfL levels before and after risperidone monotherapy in patients with psychosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This prospective observational study included 30 patients (18–45 years) with psychosis diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria and 30 healthy controls. Patients received risperidone monotherapy and were followed up for 8 weeks. Serum C4A and NfL levels were measured before and after 8 weeks of treatment in patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In healthy controls, C4A and NfL levels were also measured once. Quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum NfL levels were significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) higher, whereas serum C4A levels were not significantly higher in psychosis patients as compared to healthy controls. After 8 weeks of risperidone treatment, serum NfL levels did not change significantly, whereas serum C4A levels decreased significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). WHOQOL-BREF domain scores improved significantly (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) across all domains in psychosis patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The preliminary findings of the study suggest that risperidone monotherapy resulted in a significant reduction in serum C4A levels, whereas serum NfL levels did not change and remained elevated in patients with psychosis. In addition, risperidone monotherapy resulted in a significant improvement in quality of life. Serum C4A and NfL levels were measured using ELISA rather than ultrasensitive immunoassays. Therefore, larger longitudinal studies with longer follow-up and ultrasensitive biomarker platforms are warranted to confirm these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"41 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149122715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tirzepatide Initiation in Lithium-Treated Bipolar Disorder: Renal Biomarker Trajectories and Lithium Safety Signals Over 12 Months in a Real-World Cohort","authors":"Maria Beatrice Rescalli,&nbsp;Andrea Fagiolini,&nbsp;Pietro Carmellini,&nbsp;Mario Pinzi,&nbsp;Flavia Castaldo,&nbsp;Alessandro Cuomo","doi":"10.1002/hup.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess early renal and lithium-related safety and 12-month renal biomarker trajectories after tirzepatide initiation in lithium-treated adults with bipolar disorder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrospectively studied 23 adults at one centre. The principal 12-week renal safety measures were serum creatinine and derived CKD-EPI 2021 creatinine-based eGFR. Secondary outcomes included lithium, electrolytes, gastrointestinal symptoms, acute kidney injury meeting KDIGO creatinine criteria and discontinuation. Twelve-month trajectories and body-surface-area-unindexed eGFR were exploratory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At 12 weeks, creatinine changed by −3 ± 12 μmol/L (<i>p</i> = 0.196), indexed eGFR by +2.6 ± 15.1 mL/min/1.73 m² (<i>p</i> = 0.259) and lithium by +0.08 ± 0.17 mmol/L (<i>p</i> = 0.030). Among 20 on-treatment completers at 12 months, weight decreased by 17.7 ± 6.0%, creatinine by 12 ± 9 μmol/L, indexed eGFR increased by 13.0 ± 12.1 mL/min/1.73 m² and unindexed eGFR by 4.5 ± 14.3 mL/min. Two patients had lithium &gt; 1.2 mmol/L; one developed clinician-attributed symptomatic toxicity and discontinued tirzepatide. No acute kidney injury meeting KDIGO creatinine criteria could be confirmed from available records.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Co-prescription warrants structured monitoring and sick-day education. Creatinine-based eGFR changes during major weight loss do not establish renal benefit or exclude kidney injury.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"41 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Concomitant Amlodipine Use With Serum Olanzapine Concentrations and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Schizophrenia","authors":"Xiaoxiao Chen,&nbsp;Jing Ma,&nbsp;Xiaolei Xuan,&nbsp;Mao Huang,&nbsp;Xue Yang,&nbsp;Baorong Huang","doi":"10.1002/hup.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine whether concomitant amlodipine use was associated with steady-state serum olanzapine concentration and clinical outcomes in patients with schizophrenia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective study included 45 inpatients with schizophrenia and hypertension who received olanzapine 10 mg/day plus amlodipine 5 mg/day (experimental group) and 52 inpatients who received olanzapine 10 mg/day alone (control group). PANSS and SDSS scores were assessed at baseline and week 7, and recorded adverse events were evaluated at week 9.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mean serum olanzapine concentration was lower in the combination group than in the olanzapine-alone group (40.56 ± 18.86 vs. 50.23 ± 23.41 ng/mL; unadjusted <i>p</i> = 0.027; age-adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.032) (Figure 1). Improvements in positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and SDSS scores were smaller in the combination group, whereas PANSS total and general psychopathology changes did not differ. Serum olanzapine concentration was not significantly correlated with any PANSS or SDSS change. Recorded adverse-event rates did not differ significantly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Concomitant amlodipine use was associated with lower serum olanzapine concentration and smaller improvements in selected clinical domains. The individual-level analyses did not establish a concentration-response relationship, and the retrospective design precludes causal inference. Haemodynamic safety could not be evaluated because complete standardised blood-pressure data were unavailable. These findings suggest that closer monitoring of clinical response and serum olanzapine concentrations may be considered when amlodipine is co-prescribed, particularly in patients with suboptimal treatment response.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148932320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review and a VigiBase Study of Accidental Clozapine Intoxications in Children and Adolescents","authors":"Sara Jiménez-Fernández,&nbsp;Carlos De las Cuevas,&nbsp;Emilio J. Sanz,&nbsp;Jose de Leon","doi":"10.1002/hup.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to: (1) systematically review published cases of accidental clozapine poisoning in children and adolescents, and (2) study accidental pediatric clozapine intoxications reported to VigiBase, the global pharmacovigilance database.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, and a retrospective analysis of accidental pediatric clozapine intoxication cases was performed using VigiBase.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review identified 5 studies describing 8 cases of accidental clozapine ingestion in children aged 10 months to 10 years. The most common clinical manifestations were acute neuro-respiratory complications. One fatality was reported, in a two-year-old child. The VigiBase observational analysis included 32 accidental intoxication cases, 3 in adolescents and 29 in children under seven years of age. Among adolescents, all cases resulted from in-hospital medication administration errors; none were fatal. In the children, nearly half required prolonged hospitalization, and 2 resulted in death due to aspiration pneumonia or cardiopulmonary failure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accidental clozapine poisoning in pediatric populations, although rare, can result in severe and potentially life-threatening outcomes, particularly in very young children. At home, preventive strategies are essential to reduce accidental overdose. The 3 cases of hospitalized adolescents are relatively recent, and many hospitals currently have systems in place to prevent medication errors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Analysis of Blood Lithium Metabolism Kinetics and Concentration-to-Dose Ratio in Patients With Hypertension and Manic Episodes","authors":"Dan Liao,&nbsp;Mingchao Li,&nbsp;Zijun Xiong,&nbsp;Qiuming Ji,&nbsp;Ying Xia,&nbsp;Bing Liu,&nbsp;Xiu Gui","doi":"10.1002/hup.70064","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lithium carbonate has a narrow therapeutic window for the treatment of manic episodes and is mainly excreted via the kidneys. Hypertension may impair lithium clearance, although evidence from relevant studies is insufficient. Based on previous research on the association between hypertension and the lithium concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratio, this study further performed a large-sample stratified analysis to evaluate the independent effects of hypertension on steady-state lithium pharmacokinetics, C/D ratio, rate of achieving therapeutic lithium levels, and risk of lithium toxicity in patients with mania.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A single-center retrospective cohort study was performed, enrolling 210 patients with mania, who were assigned to a hypertension group (<i>n</i> = 90) or a non-hypertension group (<i>n</i> = 120). The <i>t</i>-test, chi-square test, and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate the relevant parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was no significant difference in the mean daily dose of lithium carbonate between the two groups. However, the hypertension group had significantly higher steady-state serum lithium concentrations and C/D ratios than the non-hypertension group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The rate of achieving therapeutic lithium levels in the hypertension group was only 42.22%, markedly lower than the 65.83% in the non-hypertension group, while the incidence of lithium toxicity was 11.11% in the hypertension group, significantly higher than the 2.50% in the control group. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that hypertension (<i>β</i> = 0.215), age, and daily dose were independent influencing factors for the C/D ratio, with elderly hypertensive patients showing a more pronounced increase in the C/D ratio. The type of antihypertensive medication did not affect lithium metabolism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hypertension can reduce renal lithium excretion and elevate both the C/D ratio and the risk of toxicity; therefore, in clinical practice, the initial lithium dose should be reduced and therapeutic drug monitoring should be intensified for patients with comorbid hypertension, while elderly patients should receive stratified management with lower serum concentration ranges.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psilocybin, From Ancestral Use to Therapeutic Potential: A Multidimensional Review of Its Pharmacological Basis and Current Perspectives","authors":"José Norberto Vásquez-Bonilla","doi":"10.1002/hup.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review critically examines psilocybin, with particular emphasis on its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, including its serotonergic, neuroplastic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. It integrates historical context, preclinical and clinical evidence, and evaluates emerging therapeutic potential, safety, microdosing practices, and pharmacological interactions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords “Psilocybin,” “Psilocin,” “Psychedelic therapy,” “Psilocybe cubensis,” and “Psychedelic microdosing,” supplemented by manual searches of cross-references. All study types were included, from randomized trials to case reports.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psilocybin is metabolized into psilocin, which predominantly interacts with serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors. These interactions contribute to enhanced synaptic plasticity, modulation of large-scale brain networks, and regulation of immune responses via microglial activity and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Preclinical and clinical evidence supports its efficacy in depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, and neuroinflammation. Psilocin also inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes, raising concerns about drug interactions. Microdosing, though popular, remains inconclusive due to methodological limitations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current findings suggest psilocybin offers sustained therapeutic effects and a favorable safety profile. However, uncertainties remain regarding long-term safety, individualized responses, and optimal dosing. Ethical and regulatory challenges require rigorous, standardized research for responsible clinical integration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychopharmacological Mechanisms of Antidepressant Withdrawal: Insights From Venlafaxine","authors":"Elliot McClure","doi":"10.1002/hup.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome (ADS) is widely reported yet often minimized by terminology that obscures its status as a withdrawal phenomenon. Roughly one-third of patients using a monotherapy antidepressant develop withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation, with higher rates among patients taking venlafaxine (VEN) and those treated long-term. VEN's dual transporter pharmacodynamics, its active metabolite, and its wide interindividual pharmacokinetic variability make it a useful model for how that vulnerability arises and expresses itself clinically. Chronic exposure reshapes serotonergic and glutamatergic signaling, producing receptor- and circuit-level adaptations that constitute physiological dependence without addiction liability. When the medication is reduced in dose or stopped abruptly, these adaptations destabilize and trigger transient overcorrection in cortical and sensory networks. Patients experience this withdrawal syndrome somatically as brain zaps, vestibular disruption, and heightened affective volatility. For a substantial minority, symptoms persisting for weeks impair daily functioning and coincide with elevated suicidality. Recognizing ADS as an intrinsic, predictable phase of chronic antidepressant pharmacotherapy—not an incidental complication or adverse effect—should guide informed consent, tapering practices, and future drug development. This narrative review examines ADS through pharmacological and neurobiological frameworks, using VEN to illustrate candidate mechanisms, clinical features, and risks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empathic Accuracy and Behavioral Empathy After a Moderate Dose of Beer","authors":"Isabelle Cristina Baltariu,&nbsp;Violeta Enea,&nbsp;Teresa B. Prucker,&nbsp;Marije aan het Rot","doi":"10.1002/hup.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Empathic accuracy (EA) represents a person's ability to correctly infer the emotions of another person. One past study in men found lower EA for positive emotions after a moderate dose of hard liquor compared to after placebo, particularly among non-hazardous drinkers. The present study aimed to replicate this finding, using a moderate dose of beer and a mixed design. Moreover, we added a novel measure of behavioral empathy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants (62% men) completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Empathy Quotient, and Revised Drinking Motives Questionnaire. Before and after drinking either beer (6.6% alcohol, <i>n</i> = 28) or its 0.0% equivalent (placebo, <i>n</i> = 38), they watched videoclips of targets talking about emotional autobiographical events and rated how targets felt while talking. Behavioral empathy was assessed by presenting participants with painful scenarios and asking whether they would help the people in pain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The previous finding of lower EA for positive emotions after alcohol was not replicated. Nonetheless, after alcohol non-hazardous drinkers were less willing to help people in pain. Trait affective empathy (i.e., a person's long-term disposition to experience emotional responses congruent to another's feelings) and the drinking to cope motive did not significantly moderate the findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although alcohol may alter empathy, its effects are not consistent and may depend on the dose and type of alcohol consumed. The moderating roles of trait empathy and trait aggressivity deserves further study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"41 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.70060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148835949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}