Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental最新文献

{"title":"Baseline Exposure to Antipsychotic Medication in Young People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A 2-Year Italian Follow-Up Study","authors":"Lorenzo Pelizza,&nbsp;Alessandro Di Lisi,&nbsp;Emanuela Leuci,&nbsp;Emanuela Quattrone,&nbsp;Derna Palmisano,&nbsp;Simona Pupo,&nbsp;Pietro Pellegrini,&nbsp;Marco Menchetti","doi":"10.1002/hup.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite various models examining baseline factors, predicting outcomes in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) remains challenging. Specifically, neglecting factors like ongoing antipsychotic (AP) medications introduce bias and reduce method precision. The main aim of this research was to determine if the presence of AP prescription at baseline identifies a CHR-P subgroup with worse prognostic outcomes over a 2-year period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A group of 180 FEP individuals (92 CHR-P/AP+, 88 CHR-P/AP−) were evaluated at baseline and after 24 months using the PANSS and GAF scales. Individuals with baseline AP prescription were included in the CHR-P/AP+ subgroup; those not taking APs were grouped as CHR-P/AP−. Univariate Cox regression analysis and mixed-design ANOVA were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After 2 years, CHR-P/AP+ had a higher rate of new hospitalization but lower rate of service disengagement. No significant inter-group difference in psychosis transition rate was found. A “time-×-group” interaction effect on longitudinal improvement in PANSS total score was observed in CHR-P/AP+ subjects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is advisable to conduct a more extensive outcome evaluation beyond the psychometric criteria for CHR-P and the mere consideration of psychosis transition. Such an approach would facilitate the identification of specific CHR-P subgroups with divergent prognoses and different AP response.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Administration of 10 mg Methylphenidate on Cognitive Performance and Visual Scanning in Healthy Adults: Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study","authors":"Blair Aitken,&nbsp;Luke A. Downey,&nbsp;Serah Rose,&nbsp;Brooke Manning,&nbsp;Thomas R. Arkell,&nbsp;Brook Shiferaw,&nbsp;Amie C. Hayley","doi":"10.1002/hup.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the effect of a low dose (10 mg) of methylphenidate on cognitive performance, visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and gaze behaviour capabilities in healthy adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover study examined the effects of 10 mg methylphenidate on cognitive performance, VSWM and gaze behaviour. Fixation duration and rate, gaze transition entropy, and stationary gaze entropy were used to quantify visual scanning efficiency in 25 healthy adults (36% female, mean ± SD age = 33.5 ± 7.8 years, BMI = 24.1 ± 2.9 kg/m²). Attention, memory, and reaction time were assessed using the E-CogPro test battery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Methylphenidate significantly enhanced performance in numeric working memory tasks, reflected by reduced errors and increased accuracy relative to placebo. No significant changes were observed in other cognitive or visual scanning metrics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A low dose of methylphenidate improves limited domains of psychomotor speed and accuracy but does not affect visual scanning efficiency. This suggests limited usefulness as a general pro-cognitive aid and raises the possibility of a lower threshold of effect for measurable psychostimulant-induced changes to visual scanning behaviour. Further research is needed to explore these potential dose-response relationships and effects across diverse populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ACTRN12620000499987</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Alcohol Consumption, Hangovers and Smoking Among Young Adults (n = 140) in Germany: An On-Line Study","authors":"Agnese Merlo,&nbsp;Anna H. Koyun,&nbsp;Pauline A. Hendriksen,&nbsp;Johan Garssen,&nbsp;Gillian Bruce,&nbsp;Ann-Kathrin Stock,&nbsp;Joris C. Verster","doi":"10.1002/hup.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the impact of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdowns on alcohol consumption and smoking behavior among young adults from Germany.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An online survey was completed by <i>N</i> = 317 young adults living in Germany. Of these, 140 (44.2%) consumed alcohol and were included in the analysis. They reported on alcohol consumption, hangover frequency and severity, and smoking behavior across four time periods: (1) “BP” (the period before the COVID-19 pandemic), (2) “L1” (the first lockdown; March–May, 2020), (3), NL1 (the no lock-down period; summer 2020), and (4) L2 (the second lockdown, November 2020 to May 2021).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During L1, a significant decrease was observed in weekly alcohol intake, the number of drinking days, and the number of days where more than eight alcoholic drinks were consumed. Whereas hangover frequency was significantly increased during L1, hangover severity was significantly reduced. During NL1, drinking behaviors returned to BP levels. During L2, the decrease in alcohol consumption was much smaller, and not significantly different from BP. However, compared to BP, during L2 hangover frequency was significantly increased and hangover severity was significantly reduced. With regards to smoking, no significant differences compared to BP were found.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the COVID-19 lockdown periods in Germany, a significant decrease in alcohol consumption was observed among this group of young adults. Whereas hangover frequency was significantly increased during the lockdown periods, hangover severity was significantly reduced.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Naturalistic Examination of the Acute Effects of High-Potency Cannabis on Emotion Regulation Among Young Adults: A Pilot Study","authors":"Jessica M. Cavalli,&nbsp;Carrie Cuttler,&nbsp;Anita Cservenka","doi":"10.1002/hup.2915","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2915","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the popular public perception that cannabis use may be beneficial for relieving mental health symptoms, the empirical evidence remains equivocal. Various legal hurdles limit the ability to research whether acute high-potency cannabis use affects mental health-related processes. Therefore, the current study used a novel methodology to examine the acute effects of high-potency cannabis flower on emotion regulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a remote, within-subjects study design, 12 young adult (ages 21–30) cannabis users (who used cannabis at least 1 day/week on average across the past year) completed measures of emotion regulation while sober and acutely intoxicated in a counterbalanced manner. Participants completed the Emotional Go/No-Go Task to measure implicit emotion regulation and a cognitive reappraisal task to assess explicit emotion regulation. For the intoxication condition, participants were observed smoking cannabis flower in their homes via videoconferencing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants reported a more positive mood and decreases in anxiety while intoxicated. There was no evidence that acute high-potency cannabis affected participants' implicit or explicit emotion regulation task performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Future research with larger samples might consider adopting this novel remote study design to assess the acute effects of high-potency cannabis use on different measures of emotion regulation and other health outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nick Drake: A Troubled Mind, a Troublesome ‘Cure’","authors":"David S. Baldwin","doi":"10.1002/hup.2916","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2916","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The British Association for Psychopharmacology (BAP) concluded its Fiftieth Anniversary Summer Meeting in July 2024 with a plenary symposium in which BAP stalwarts glanced back and looked forward, to identify achievements in psychopharmacology since 1999 and consider likely developments in neuroscience before 2049. There was much to ponder, whilst travelling home from the University of Birmingham: and my dream-like musings continued that same evening, when the BBC Radio 3 Promenade (‘Prom’) concert broadcast was devoted solely to ‘An Orchestral Celebration’ of the music of Nick Drake, who died when aged only twenty-six, almost fifty years before, in November 1974.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Born in Rangoon, Burma (now Yangon, Myanmar), to expatriate Britons—his father worked as a Civil Engineer, his mother came from a senior Indian Civil Service family—Nicholas Rodney Drake moved with his family to the UK as a toddler, went to a preparatory boarding school, then boarded at Marlborough College, before somewhat unexpectedly scraping into Fitzwilliam College Cambridge in 1967, to read English Literature. But he left Cambridge two years later, nine months before graduation, against the advice of his tutors and family, to further his musical career: his first album, the wistful and pastoral &lt;i&gt;Five Leaves Left&lt;/i&gt; had been released a few months earlier. A strike-delayed second album, &lt;i&gt;Bryter Later&lt;/i&gt;, sometimes considered to be ensemble-heavy, appeared in March 1971. Both were critically acclaimed by music journalists and other musicians, but neither gained much traction with the buying public. His third album, the desolate and intermittently agitated &lt;i&gt;Pink Moon&lt;/i&gt;, was released in February 1972, but probably sold less than its predecessors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Characteristically reticent and often seeming aloof, he became steadily more isolated and withdrawn, possibly linked to or worsened by regular smoking of cannabis, which he started before University. He declared himself increasingly reluctant to play the live concerts which could probably have led to wider recognition and greater sales. Although he was an astonishingly adept, technically innovative guitarist and widely respected lyricist, it was more challenging for him to synchronise playing with singing. He sought company but was uncommunicative whilst in it. He neglected himself, seemed erratic and unpredictable, and sometimes had observable difficulty in sequencing tasks, such as making tea. Increasing parental concern prompted admission to the local inpatient psychiatric unit, where after a few weeks the thoughtful, compassionate consultant psychiatrist suggested their 23-year old son might suffer from simple-type schizophrenia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Psychiatric diagnoses can be unreliable, and treatment plans are often contested. Drake himself stated that taking medication was ‘against my principles’. The well-meaning social worker attached to the local unit indicated that psychotropic medication was not as beneficial as psychoth","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11670808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agomelatine as Antidepressant Treatment in Elderly Patients With Previous Hyponatremia Due To SSRI Use: Case Series","authors":"José Alfonso. Ontiveros-Sánchez de la Barquera,&nbsp;Luis Alberto De la Garza García,&nbsp;Guillermo Sánchez-Torres,&nbsp;Andoni Gogeascoechea-Hernández,&nbsp;Sofia Jezzini Martinez,&nbsp;Guillermo A. Porras-Garza,&nbsp;Pablo Patricio Zarate Garza","doi":"10.1002/hup.2914","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2914","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate agomelatine treatment in elderly patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who developed hyponatremia while using selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients (60 years or older) with hyponatremia after SSRI treatment for MDD were changed to agomelatine 50 mg/day during one month to observe sodium levels during the treatment and change in depressive symptoms. Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) of severity were used before and after treatment with agomelatine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean age of our sample (five patients) was 75.3 (SD ± 7.8) years. Sodium levels while using SSRIs were reported with a mean of 122.54 (SD ± 10.8) mEq/L. Mean MADRS and CGI scores on SSRIs before treatment with agomelatine were 27.8 (SD ± 3.90) and 5 (SD ± 0.71) respectively. After 4 weeks of treatment with agomelatine 50 mg/day, mean scores of sodium were reported at 135.48 (SD ± 1.6) mEq/L, and mean MADRS and CGI scores were 13.6 (SD ± 8.35) and 2.4 (SD ± 1.5). The difference in means of the MADRS scale before and after treatment with agomelatine was found to be statistically significant (27.8 [3.89] versus 13.6 [8.35], <i>p</i> = &lt; 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our open observational study suggests that agomelatine represents a safe and effective treatment option for elderly patients with major depressive disorder and previous SSRIs-induced hyponatremia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient outcome following selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor prescribing in primary care in Wales (UK)","authors":"Shaila Ahmed,&nbsp;Katherine Chaplin,&nbsp;Richard S. Young,&nbsp;Paul N. Deslandes","doi":"10.1002/hup.2912","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2912","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated prescribing patterns of two cohorts of patients treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) in primary care in Wales (UK), to better understand drivers for increased usage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This e-cohort study included patients receiving a first READ-coded SSRI prescription in SAIL in either 2005 or 2015. Patients were followed up for 3 years from date of SSRI prescription. Influence of age and other demographic data on prescribing patterns, and details of mental health or medication reviews that took place were identified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total 67,006 patients were included across the two cohorts; 29,534 in 2005, and 37,472 in 2015. Citalopram was the most commonly prescribed SSRI in both cohorts. A READ-coded diagnosis relating to SSRI treatment could not be identified in 24,797 patients. The percentage of patients continuing treatment for 3 years was 6.9% and 11.3% in 2005 and 2015, respectively. In total, 21,150 (72%) patients in the 2005 cohort and 23,947 (64%) in the 2015 cohort received at least one medication review during follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proportion of patients continuing longer term treatment was small, whilst the number of recorded mental health and medication reviews offers some reassurance that prescribing remained appropriate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antipsychotic-Treated Schizophrenia Patients Develop Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses Independently From Obesity: However, Metabolic Disturbances Arise From Schizophrenia-Related Obesity","authors":"Sarandol Emre,&nbsp;Sarandol Asli,&nbsp;Mercan Sener,&nbsp;Salih Saygin Eker,&nbsp;Surmen-Gur Esma","doi":"10.1002/hup.2913","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2913","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To define the impact of obesity on inflammatory and oxidative disturbances in antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Several cytokines, inflammatory, metabolic, and oxidative status markers were evaluated in obese (<i>n</i> = 40) and non-obese (<i>n</i> = 40) antipsychotic-treated patients and compared with age-and BMI-matched controls (<i>n</i> = 80).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Schizophrenia patients had higher leptin, TNF-α, adiponectin, visfatin, resistin, P-selectin, NPY, BDNF, CD40-L, MCP-1, and malondialdehyde, and lower IL-6, ghrelin, neopterin, and vitamin E levels compared to their respective controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Total oxidant status was higher in non-obese patients compared to controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), total antioxidant capacity was higher in obese compared to non-obese patients (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), but vitamin A and paraoxonase levels were not different. High sensitive-CRP levels were higher in obsese controls relative to non-obese controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and in obese patients relative to non-obese patients (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, uric acid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were higher in obese patients compared to non-obese patients. Insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR were also higher in obese controls than in non-obese controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest that inflammatory responses and oxidative stress develop independently from obesity in antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia patients. However, schizophrenia-induced obesity causes metabolic disturbances; thereby, obese schizophrenia patients are more liable to cardiovascular events and progress of metabolic syndrome than non-obese patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of Withania somnifera for anxiety and insomnia: Systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Kaneez Fatima,&nbsp;Javeria Malik,&nbsp;Fariha Muskan,&nbsp;Ghana Raza,&nbsp;Areesha Waseem,&nbsp;Hiba Shahid,&nbsp;Syeda Fatima Jaffery,&nbsp;Umeed Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Kashan Zaheer,&nbsp;Yasmeen Shaikh,&nbsp;Ahmed Mustafa Rashid","doi":"10.1002/hup.2911","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2911","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the historical neurological use of <i>Withania somnifera,</i> limited evidence supports its efficacy for conditions like anxiety and insomnia. Given its known anti-stress properties, this review evaluated its safety and efficacy for anxiety and insomnia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched Medline, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar until August 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing <i>W. somnifera</i> to placebo in patients with anxiety and/or insomnia. Outcome measures included changes in anxiety levels via the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), Sleep Onset Latency (SOL), Total Sleep Time (TST), Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO), Total Time in Bed (TIB), Sleep Efficiency (SE), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score. We utilized a random-effect model for pooling Mean Differences (MD) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed through sensitivity and subgroup analysis, and the quality of RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane revised risk of bias tool.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pooled results from five RCTs (<i>n</i> = 254) demonstrated that <i>W. somnifera</i> significantly reduced HAM-A scores (MD = −5.96; [95% CI −10.34, −1.59]; <i>P</i> = 0.008; <i>I</i>² = 98%), as well as sleep parameters such as SOL, TST, PSQI, and SE, but not WASO and TIB.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While <i>W. somnifera</i> extracts yielded promising results, further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm its effects on anxiety and insomnia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative pharmacology and abuse potential of oral dexamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine—A literature review","authors":"Wolfgang Kämmerer","doi":"10.1002/hup.2910","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2910","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the pharmacology and abuse potential of oral dexamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine (LDX).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A search of Medline and Embase was conducted to identify relevant articles for this literature review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dexamphetamine and LDX, a prodrug of dexamphetamine, are indicated for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. It has been suggested that LDX may have a reduced potential for oral abuse compared to immediate-release dexamphetamine. As a prodrug, LDX has the same pharmacodynamic properties as dexamphetamine. A study in healthy adults showed that the pharmacokinetic profile of dexamphetamine following oral administration of LDX is essentially identical to that of an equimolar dose of dexamphetamine administered 1 h later. In addition, dexamphetamine produced subjective drug liking effects comparable to those produced by LDX. LDX showed linear dose proportional pharmacokinetics up to a dose of 250 mg, indicating a lack of overdose protection at supratherapeutic doses. Furthermore, the exposure to dexamphetamine released from LDX may be prolonged by the consumption of alkalizing agents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The available evidence from pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and abuse liability studies suggests a comparable potential for oral abuse of dexamphetamine and LDX.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}