Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental最新文献

{"title":"Bi-directional and multi-modal effects of dexamphetamine on spatial binding windows in healthy individuals","authors":"Mark J. H. Lim,&nbsp;Sean J. Loffman,&nbsp;Katharina Gaus,&nbsp;Sophie V. Slawik,&nbsp;Rajan Iyyalol,&nbsp;Joseph W. Y. Lee,&nbsp;Emily K. Hepple,&nbsp;Mathew T. Martin-Iverson","doi":"10.1002/hup.2909","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2909","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stimuli that are separated by a short window of space or time, known as spatial and temporal binding windows (SBW/TBWs), may be perceived as separate. Widened TBWs are evidenced in schizophrenia, although it is unclear if the SBW is similarly affected. The current study aimed to assess if dexamphetamine (DEX) may increase SBWs in a multimodal visuo-tactile illusion, potentially validating usefulness as an experimental model for multimodal visuo-tactile hallucinations in schizophrenia, and to examine a possible association between altered binding windows (BWs) and working memory (WM) suggested by previous research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and counter-balanced crossover design was employed. Permuted block randomisation was used for drug order. Healthy participants received DEX (0.45 mg/kg, PO, b.i.d.) or placebo (glucose powder) in capsules. The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Spatial Span was employed to determine whether DEX would alter SBWs and WM, respectively. Schizotypy was assessed with a variety of psychological scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most participants did not experience the RHI even under normal circumstances. Bi-directional and multimodal effects of DEX on individual SBWs and schizotypy were observed, but not on WM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bidirectional multimodal effects of DEX on the RHI and SBWs were observed in individuals, although not associated with alterations in WM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141599262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of atypical antipsychotics on serum asprosin level and other metabolic parameters in patients with schizophrenia","authors":"Kiumarth Amini,&nbsp;Mohammad-Javad Motallebi,&nbsp;Kimia Bakhtiari,&nbsp;Minoo Sadat Hajmiri,&nbsp;Maryam Zamanirafe,&nbsp;Mahdis Sharifikia,&nbsp;Akram Ranjbar,&nbsp;Amir Keshavarzi,&nbsp;Mahtabalsadat Mirjalili,&nbsp;Maryam Mehrpooya","doi":"10.1002/hup.2907","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2907","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cross-sectional study, we compared fasting serum asprosin levels and metabolic parameters between patients receiving one of three atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, risperidone, or aripiprazole) and healthy subjects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study population included 62 adult outpatients with schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls, matched for age and gender. Patients were in remission and had been on stable monotherapy with one of these atypical antipsychotics for over 6 months. Body Mass Index (BMI) and fasting serum levels of asprosin, glucose, HA1c, insulin, and lipid profile were compared across the investigated groups. Additionally, the number of participants meeting the insulin resistance criterion, defined as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) &gt;2.5, as well as the number of participants with elevated BMI levels (men &gt;27 kg/m², women &gt;25 kg/m²) were compared among the groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed statistically significant differences in BMI and fasting serum levels of glucose, HA1c, insulin, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and asprosin among patients receiving olanzapine or risperidone, as compared to those receiving aripiprazole and healthy subjects. Patients on aripiprazole exhibited values comparable to healthy subjects, whereas those on risperidone or olanzapine showed significantly higher values, with the highest observed in the olanzapine group. Additionally, the prevalence of participants meeting the insulin resistance criterion and those with elevated BMI was also greater in individuals receiving olanzapine or risperidone compared to those on aripiprazole and healthy subjects. Serum asprosin levels showed a significant positive correlation with BMI and several metabolic parameters, including HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and TG. No significant differences were observed among the investigated groups in terms of serum levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our cross-sectional study highlights the association between elevated asprosin levels, weight gain, and metabolic disorders in patients treated with olanzapine and risperidone. Given the bidirectional nature of the relationship between serum asprosin levels and these metabolic disturbances, further research is warranted to elucidate potential causative pathways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribing patterns in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Retrospective, single-center study","authors":"Joshua Knebel,&nbsp;M. Lindsey Hedgepeth Kennedy","doi":"10.1002/hup.2900","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2900","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is marked by a high rate of treatment resistance. Patients are often left trialing medications within multiple drug classes with little response, causing heterogeneity to emerge in prescribing patterns. This analysis seeks to investigate the selection and dosing of the pharmacotherapy utilized, to portray an overview of prescribing trends in the United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective, single center, review of electronic medical records investigated the pharmacotherapy utilization of patients with a primary diagnosis of OCD. Two hundred and ninety-five patients who received OCD treatment at an urban, academic medical center were included in the study. Patients were included in the review if they were at least eighteen years of age and were assigned a diagnosis of OCD according to DSM-5 criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychotropic pharmacotherapy was integrated into the care of 93% of patients. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were the most utilized medication class at 85% followed by benzodiazepines (47%) and second-generation antipsychotics (37%). Tricyclic antidepressants and first-generation antipsychotics were the two medication classes utilized the least at 13% and 2% respectively. Additionally, mood stabilizers and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors were utilized at rates of 8% and 16%, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evidence-based treatment guidelines are being followed with varying augmentation strategies widely prevalent, thus displaying the heterogeneity in treating OCD. A high rate of benzodiazepine utilization highlights a practice trend with potential ties to clinical factors, such as the latency to treatment effect of other first-line pharmacotherapies. Future prospective studies are required to determine the cultural, pharmacoeconomic and pharmacogenomic factors that contribute to the variation in prescribing practices and whether these variations influence treatment outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140908680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of endoxifen in bipolar disorder: A systematic review","authors":"Jithin Thekkelkuthiyathottil Joseph,&nbsp;Rashmi Vishwanath,&nbsp;Samir Kumar Praharaj","doi":"10.1002/hup.2899","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2899","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Endoxifen, a protein kinase C inhibitor and selective estrogen receptor modulator, primarily used in breast cancer treatment, has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic option for managing manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder (BD). This review aims to assess the existing evidence base for endoxifen in BD treatment and evaluate the strengths and limitations of current research findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search was conducted on Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. We included studies published in English that used endoxifen in BD, alongside any relevant studies identified through manual searching and conference papers with full-text availability. Information pertaining to dose, duration, clinical effects, and safety profiles was extracted from the included studies. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias in clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The final review included seven case reports (including two conference presentations), two clinical trials, and one prospective study. Most studies administered endoxifen 8 mg and reported an improvement in manic symptoms. Several case reports included patients with comorbid substance use, and most patients received mood stabilizers concurrently. Few reports lacked any structured outcome measures. The clinical trials used divalproex 1000 mg as an active comparator, which was deemed sub-therapeutic. Despite being multicentric, the first trial lacked data on center-wise recruitment, and certain methodological concerns were observed across the included trials. There were no serious adverse effects noted, except for a significant elevation in lipid profile within a 3-week period. Limited data were available regarding endoxifen efficacy and safety in mixed episodes, depressive episodes, and maintenance treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a paucity of research on the efficacy and safety of endoxifen in BD. While existing evidence suggests short-term efficacy in manic episodes, significant limitations were identified in most of the included studies. Further research is imperative to establish the efficacy and safety of endoxifen in BD before considering its recommendation as a viable treatment option.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of schizophrenia-associated genetic markers in the HLA region as risk factors for tardive dyskinesia","authors":"Ruoyu Wang,&nbsp;Justin Y. Lu,&nbsp;Deanna Herbert,&nbsp;Jeffrey A. Lieberman,&nbsp;Herbert Y. Meltzer,&nbsp;Arun K. Tiwari,&nbsp;Gary Remington,&nbsp;James L. Kennedy,&nbsp;Clement C. Zai","doi":"10.1002/hup.2898","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2898","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pathology of Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) has yet to be fully understood, but there have been proposed hypotheses for the cause of this condition. Our team previously reported a possible association of TD with the Complement Component C4 gene in the HLA region. In this study, we explored the HLA region further by examining two previously identified schizophrenia-associated HLA-region single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely rs13194504 and rs210133.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SNPs rs13194504 and rs210133 were tested for association with the occurrence and severity of TD in a sample of 172 schizophrenia patients who were recruited for four studies from three different clinical sites in Canada and USA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The rs13194504 AA genotype was associated with decreased severity for TD as measured by Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) scores (<i>p</i> = 0.047) but not for TD occurrence. SNP rs210133 was not significantly associated with either TD occurrence or AIMS scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest that the rs13194504 AA genotype may play a role in TD severity, while SNP rs210133 may not have a major role in the risk or severity of TD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2898","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of constipation in adult psychiatric out-patients on clozapine treatment at a regional public hospital in Hong Kong","authors":"Eric Wai-Fung Lam,&nbsp;Brian Pak-In Ip","doi":"10.1002/hup.2897","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2897","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the occurrence of constipation in local patients on clozapine treatment, and to compare the demographical and clinical characteristics of patients on clozapine treatment with or without constipation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a cross-sectional, observational study. All adult psychiatric out-patients on clozapine treatment attending follow-up at a regional hospital were recruited for clinical interview and medical record review. The Enhanced Asian Rome III Questionnaire (EAR3Q) was used to define patients with constipation. The Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) was used to assess stool form. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Anchored (BPRS-A) was used to measure psychiatric symptoms. The Brief Medication Adherence Scale (BMAS) was used to assess treatment adherence. Logistic regression was conducted to identify independent associating factors of constipation in patients on clozapine treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of constipation in patients on clozapine treatment was 26.3%, (95% CI [21.5%, 31.6%]). Independent associating factors included disorder of psychological development (aOR = 6.98, 95% CI [1.24, 39.18]), anxiety (very mild: aOR = 9.23, 95% CI [2.59, 32.87]; mild: aOR = 2.66, 95% CI [1.26, 5.62]), prescription with combination of laxatives (aOR = 0.40, 95% CI [0.17, 0.95]), and concomitant use of amisulpride (aOR = 2.52, 95% CI [1.09, 5.82]), quetiapine (aOR = 5.92, 95% CI [1.11, 31.56]) and metamucil (aOR = 9.30, 95% CI [1.53, 56.58]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the prevalence of clozapine-associated constipation in Hong Kong using a validated questionnaire. The identification of independent factors associated with constipation could facilitate better risk stratification and risk modification in clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140848551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the active botanical blend “WKUP GT” on attention and cognitive functions after lunch in healthy volunteers","authors":"Irit Schwartz Nadam,&nbsp;Aouatef Bellamine,&nbsp;Rafael Salom,&nbsp;Sonia Guilera,&nbsp;A. M. Inarejos-Garcia,&nbsp;Giora Pillar","doi":"10.1002/hup.2895","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2895","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>“WKUP GT”, a low caffeine beverage consisting of carob, Guarana, Green Tea and Elderberry extracts was studied on attention and cognitive functions post-lunch in a pilot randomized double blind placebo controlled trial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty healthy volunteers were included in a crossover design trial, presenting five beverages randomly assigned to the following groups: placebo, “WKUP GT” (single, double or triple doses), or “caffeine” as an active control. Hemodynamic measurements were assessed as safety outcomes.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), was used to evaluate the patients when beverages were consumed 30 and 120 min after lunch (respectively Delta30 and Delta120 considering baseline).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drinking “caffeine” or “WKUP GT” after lunch, showed significant improvement (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in rapid visual information processing compared to placebo (Delta120 of “caffeine”, “WKUP” single and double). In addition, improvement in Multitasking Test (Delta30 for “WKUP” double, and Delta120 for “caffeine” and “WKUP” triple compared to placebo) was observed. “WKUP” triple also showed significant improvement for “memory” when compared to placebo (Delta120). Compared to “caffeine”, WKUP GT did not increase systolic blood pressure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>“WKUP GT” showed improvements for attention, memory, psychomotor and executive function tasks after lunch without increase in pulse rate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dexamphetamine increased speech and visual unimodal illusions in healthy participants without affecting temporal binding window","authors":"Fui-Ling Voon,&nbsp;Sean J. Loffman,&nbsp;Mark J. H. Lim,&nbsp;Joseph W. Y. Lee,&nbsp;Rajan Iyyalol,&nbsp;Mathew T. Martin-Iverson","doi":"10.1002/hup.2896","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2896","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stimuli received beyond a very short timeframe, known as temporal binding windows (TBWs), are perceived as separate events. In previous audio-visual multisensory integration (McGurk effect) studies, widening of TBWs has been observed in people with schizophrenia. The present study aimed to determine if dexamphetamine could increase TBWs in unimodal auditory and unimodal visual illusions that may have some validity as experimental models for auditory and visual hallucinations in psychotic disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A double-blind, placebo-controlled, counter-balanced crossover design with permuted block randomisation for drug order was followed. Dexamphetamine (0.45 mg/kg, PO, q.d.) was administered to healthy participants. Phantom word illusion (speech illusion) and visual-induced flash illusion/VIFI (visual illusion) tests were measured to determine if TBWs were altered as a function of delay between stimuli presentations. Word emotional content for phantom word illusions was also analysed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dexamphetamine significantly increased the total number of phantom words/speech illusions (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) for pooled 220–1100 ms ISIs in kernel density estimation and the number of positive valence words heard (beta = 2.20, 95% CI [1.86, 2.55], <i>t</i> = 12.46, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) with a large effect size (std. beta = 1.05, 95% CI [0.89, 1.22]) relative to placebo without affecting the TBWs. For the VIFI test, kernel density estimation for pooled 0–801 ms ISIs showed a significant difference (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) in the data distributions of number of target flash (es) perceived by participants after receiving dexamphetamine as compared with placebo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, healthy participants who were administered dexamphetamine (0.45 mg/kg, PO, q.d.) experienced increases in auditory and visual illusions in both phantom word illusion and VIFI tests without affecting their TBWs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139729523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of antipsychotics in obsessive compulsive disorder","authors":"Dario Conti,&nbsp;Nicolaja Girone,&nbsp;Maria Boscacci,&nbsp;Lorenzo Casati,&nbsp;Niccolò Cassina,&nbsp;Lucia Cerolini,&nbsp;Luca Giacovelli,&nbsp;Caterina Viganò,&nbsp;Marian Mora Conde,&nbsp;Laura Cremaschi,&nbsp;Bernardo M. Dell’Osso","doi":"10.1002/hup.2893","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2893","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic disease with a prevalence in the general population of around 2%–3%, generally accompanied by a severe impairment of functioning and quality of life. A consistent subgroup of patients may not achieve adequate symptom remission with first-line treatments (i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]). The most validated option for treatment-resistant cases relies on the augmentative use of antipsychotics to SSRIs, preferably of the ‘second generation’. Indeed, dopamine appears to be crucially involved in OCD neuropathology due to its implication in systems relating to goal-directed behaviour and maladaptive habits. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action of antipsychotics in OCD symptom improvement is still unclear. Risperidone, aripiprazole, and haloperidol seem to be the most useful medications, whereas ‘first generation’ antipsychotics may be indicated in case of comorbidity with tics and/or Tourette Syndrome. Antipsychotic augmentation may be also related to side-effects, particularly in the long term (e.g., alteration in metabolic profile, sedation, extrapyramidal symptoms). The present mini-review sought to provide the most updated evidence on augmentative antipsychotic use in treatment-resistant patients with OCD, providing a road map for clinicians in daily practice and shedding light on avenues for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139716044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professor Brian Leonard: Former Editor-in-Chief of Human Psychopharmacology","authors":"David S. Baldwin","doi":"10.1002/hup.2894","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2894","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;‘&lt;i&gt;Ní bheidh a leithéid ann arís&lt;/i&gt;’ (‘we won't see his like again’). Thus concluded the warm tribute to Professor Brian Leonard, posted on the British Association for Psychopharmacology website, on the sad news of his passing, after a short illness, in the final week of 2023 (see www.bap.org.uk). Brian was a former President of both the BAP and the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologicum (CINP) and served as Editor-in-Chief of &lt;i&gt;Human Psychopharmacology&lt;/i&gt; between 1994 and 1999 (succeeding the Founding Editor Guy Edwards, whose obituary was published last year: see Cowen, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). During his Editorship, the journal flourished in terms of its scientific content, international contributors, readership and impact.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Born in 1936, Brian became a leading figure in psychopharmacological research, education and training, over 50 years. After working at Nottingham University (1962–1968), and in the pharmaceutical industry (1968–1974, first at ICI Ltd, then Organon Laboratories), he became Founding Professor and Head of the Department of Pharmacology at University College Galway in 1974, continuing there until 1999, when he ‘retired’. He held Professor Emeritus status at the University of Galway, and a Visiting Professorship at the University of Maastricht from 2002, and an Honorary Professorship at Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich since 2007. He continued publishing scientific articles until the final months of 2023. His wide-ranging and influential research encompassed studies of anxiolytic and antidepressant compounds, the neurobiology of affective disorders, alcohol use disorders, and dementia, and he was an early pioneer in the realm of psychoneuroimmunology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;His former colleagues draw attention to his pioneering research in the development and characterisation of animal models of depression (most notably the olfactory bulbectomy model), and in preclinical studies of the pharmacology of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and other psychotropics: and his major contributions to investigating biomarkers of major psychiatric disorders, the metabolic syndrome in depression and schizophrenia, and in psychoneuroimmunology, where he was one of the first to recognise, investigate, and promote the importance of the brain-immune axis in depression and schizophrenia. He received the BAP Lifetime Achievement Award in 2008.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brian was a truly inspirational lecturer, combining his extensive knowledge of pharmacology with panache and cheeky humour, encouraging many to pursue careers in clinical and experimental psychopharmacology and translational and applied neuroscience. After notional ‘retirement’ he travelled widely, in particular to low and middle income countries in Africa and Asia, lecturing to international colleagues and inspiring the emerging generations of academic and clinical researchers. He received the CINP Arvid Carlsson medal for education in 2012. In addition, Brian had a lifelong passion for challenging","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2894","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139702392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}