Human Brain Mapping最新文献

{"title":"Denoising Improves Cross-Scanner and Cross-Protocol Test–Retest Reproducibility of Diffusion Tensor and Kurtosis Imaging","authors":"Benjamin Ades-Aron,&nbsp;Santiago Coelho,&nbsp;Gregory Lemberskiy,&nbsp;Jelle Veraart,&nbsp;Steven H. Baete,&nbsp;Timothy M. Shepherd,&nbsp;Dmitry S. Novikov,&nbsp;Els Fieremans","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The clinical translation of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI)-derived quantitative contrasts hinges on robust reproducibility, minimizing both same-scanner and cross-scanner variability. As multi-site data sets, including multi-shell dMRI, expand in scope, enhancing reproducibility across variable MRI systems and MRI protocols becomes crucial. This study evaluates the reproducibility of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) metrics (beyond conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)), at the voxel and region-of-interest (ROI) levels on magnitude and complex-valued dMRI data, using denoising with and without harmonization. We compared same-scanner, cross-scanner, and cross-protocol variability for a multi-shell dMRI protocol (2-mm isotropic resolution, <i>b</i> = 0, 1000, 2000 s/mm²) in 20 subjects. We first evaluated the effectiveness of Marchenko-Pastur Principal Component Analysis (MPPCA) based denoising strategies for both magnitude and complex data to mitigate noise-induced bias and variance, to improve dMRI parametric maps and reproducibility. Next, we examined the impact of denoising under different population analysis approaches, specifically comparing voxel-wise versus region of interest (ROI)-based methods. We also evaluated the role of denoising when harmonizing dMRI across scanners and protocols. The results indicate that DTI and DKI maps visually improve after MPPCA denoising, with noticeably fewer outliers in kurtosis maps. Denoising, either using magnitude or complex dMRI, enhances voxel-wise reproducibility, with test–retest variability of kurtosis indices reduced from 15%–20% without denoising to 5%–10% after denoising. Complex dMRI denoising reduces the noise floor by up to 60%. Denoising not only reduced variability across scans and protocols, but also increased statistical power for low SNR voxel-wise comparisons when comparing cross sectional groups. In conclusion, MPPCA denoising, either over magnitude or complex dMRI data, enhances the reproducibility and precision of higher-order diffusion metrics across same-scanner, cross-scanner, and cross-protocol assessments. The enhancement in data quality and precision facilitates the broader application and acceptance of these advanced imaging techniques in both clinical practice and large-scale neuroimaging studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Consistency of Negative BOLD Responses to Combinations of Visual, Auditory, and Somatosensory Stimuli and Their Modulation by the Level of Task Demand","authors":"Wilf Nelson,&nbsp;Stephen D. Mayhew","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Negative BOLD fMRI responses (NBR) occur commonly in sensory cortex and default mode network regions but remain poorly utilized as a marker of brain function due to an incomplete understanding. To better understand how NBR manifest across the brain, compare between different sensory stimuli and how they are modulated by changes in task demand, we recorded fMRI during trials of visual, auditory, or somatosensory stimulation, delivered either alone or in concurrent pairs. Twenty young-adult participants were cued to attend to a single modality and detect targets in each trial. We found that NBR were consistently induced in all non-task-relevant primary sensory cortices and default mode regions during all stimuli. NBR were observed within the stimulated modality, in the cortex ipsilateral to the stimulus; as well as cross-modal responses bilaterally within the cortex of an unstimulated sensory modality. The NBR regions showed high spatial overlap with the primary sensory positive BOLD response (PBR) of the stimulated modality. The NBR occurred in spatially comparable regions across different modality stimuli such that the peak voxel location and spatial extent were comparable between within and cross-modal NBRs. Some specific differences were seen, such as stronger magnitude sensorimotor NBR to somatosensory stimuli than to visual or auditory. No significant relationships were found between subjects' PBR and NBR magnitude, but significant linear correlations were observed between NBRs indicating that subjects with high magnitude NBR within one sensory modality also displayed high magnitude cross-modal NBR in a different modality. These findings suggest that cortical NBR are largely consistent between different sensory stimuli but also contain stimulus-specific variability in magnitude and spatial extent. Finally, positive BOLD responses were stronger to dual stimuli in all contralateral primary sensory regions, whilst NBR were slightly increased in specific regions of ipsilateral visual and sensorimotor cortex. This finding suggests a strong contribution to NBR from bottom-up stimulus input that was further modulated by attention during dual conditions and that NBR is driven by a combination of bottom-up and top-down influences whereby contributions to its generation arise from both feed-forward signals from subcortical or activated sensory regions and feedback mechanisms such as higher-level attentional control.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relations Among Anxiety, Movie-Watching, and in-Scanner Motion","authors":"Peter A. Kirk,&nbsp;Purnima Qamar,&nbsp;Andre Zugman,&nbsp;Rany Abend,&nbsp;Samuel Frank,&nbsp;Grace V. Ringlein,&nbsp;Laura Jett,&nbsp;Gwyneth A. L. DeLap,&nbsp;Anita Harrewijn,&nbsp;Daniel S. Pine,&nbsp;Katharina Kircanski","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Movie-watching fMRI has emerged as a theoretically viable platform for studying neurobiological substrates of affective states and emotional disorders such as pathological anxiety. However, using anxiety-inducing movie clips to probe relevant states impacted by psychopathology could risk exacerbating in-scanner movement, decreasing signal quality/quantity and thus statistical power. This could be especially problematic in target populations such as children who typically move more in the scanner. Consequently, we assessed: (1) the extent to which an anxiety-inducing movie clip altered in-scanner data quality (movement, censoring, and DVARS) in a pediatric sample with and without anxiety disorders (<i>n</i> = 78); and (2) investigated interactions between anxiety symptoms and movie-attenuated motion in a highly powered, transdiagnostic pediatric sample (<i>n</i> = 2058). Our results suggest anxiogenic movie-watching in fact reduces in-scanner movement compared to resting-state, increasing the quantity/quality of data. In one measure, pathological anxiety appeared to impact movie-attenuated motion, but the effect was small. Given potential boosts to data quality, future developmental neuroimaging studies of anxiety may benefit from the use of movie paradigms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catecholaminergic Modulation of Metacontrol Is Reflected in Aperiodic EEG Activity and Predicted by Baseline GABA+ and Glx Concentrations","authors":"Yang Gao,&nbsp;Anna Helin Koyun,&nbsp;Ann-Kathrin Stock,&nbsp;Annett Werner,&nbsp;Veit Roessner,&nbsp;Lorenza Colzato,&nbsp;Bernhard Hommel,&nbsp;Christian Beste","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ability to balance between being persistent versus flexible during cognitive control is referred to as “metacontrol” and reflected in the exponent of aperiodic neural activity. Theoretical considerations suggest that metacontrol is affected by the interplay of the GABAergic, glutamatergic, and catecholaminergic systems. Moreover, evidence suggests that fronto-striatal structures play an important role. Yet, the nexus between neurobiochemistry and structural neuroanatomy when it comes to the foundations of metacontrol is not understood. To examine this, we investigated how an experimental manipulation of catecholaminergic signaling via methylphenidate (MHP) and baseline levels of GABA and glutamate in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and striatum as assessed via MR spectroscopy altered task performance and associated aperiodic activity (assessed via EEG) during a conflict monitoring task. We investigated <i>N</i> = 101 healthy young adults. We show that the EEG-aperiodic exponent was elevated during task performance, as well as during cognitively challenging task conditions requiring more persistent processing and was further enhanced by MPH administration. Correlation analyses also provided evidence for an important role of individual characteristics and dispositions as reflected by the observed role of GABA+ and Glx baseline levels in the ACC, the SMA, and the striatum. Our observations point to an important role of catecholamines in the amino acid neurotransmitter-driven regulation of metacontrol and task-specific (changes in) metacontrol biases. The results suggest an interplay of the GABA/Glx and the catecholaminergic system in prefrontal-basal ganglia structures crucial for metacontrol.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reciprocal Relationship Between Short- and Long-Term Motor Learning and Neurometabolites","authors":"Melina Hehl,&nbsp;Shanti Van Malderen,&nbsp;Svitlana Blashchuk,&nbsp;Stefan Sunaert,&nbsp;Richard A. E. Edden,&nbsp;Stephan P. Swinnen,&nbsp;Koen Cuypers","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Skill acquisition requires practice to stimulate neuroplasticity. Changes in inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, are believed to play a crucial role in promoting neuroplasticity. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 3 T, using the MEGA-PRESS sequence, and behavioral data were collected from 62 volunteers. Participants completed a 4-week protocol, practicing either complex (<i>n</i> = 32) or simple (<i>n</i> = 30) bimanual tracking tasks (BTT). Neurotransmitter levels and skill levels at baseline, after 2 and 4 weeks of motor training were compared for the left and right primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) and the left dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). Furthermore, task-related modulations of neurotransmitter levels in the left PMd were assessed. The study yielded that baseline neurotransmitter levels in motor-related brain regions predicted training success. Furthermore, lower GABA+ (<i>p</i> = 0.0347) and higher Glx (glutamate + glutamine compound) levels (<i>p</i> = 0.0234) in left PMd correlated with better long-term learning of simple and complex tasks, respectively, whereas higher GABA+ in right SM1 correlated with complex task learning (<i>p</i> = 0.0064). Resting neurometabolite levels changed during the intervention: Left SM1 Glx decreased with complex training toward Week 4 (<i>p</i> = 0.0135), whereas right SM1 Glx was increased at Week 2 (<i>p</i> = 0.0043), regardless of training type. Group-level analysis showed no task-related neurometabolite modulation in the left PMd. However, individual baseline GABA+ and Glx modulation influenced short-term motor learning (interaction: <i>p</i> = 0.0213). These findings underscore the importance of an interplay between inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters during motor learning and suggest potential for future personalized approaches to optimize motor learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted Time-Varying Functional Connectivity","authors":"Sonsoles Alonso,&nbsp;Luca Cocchi,&nbsp;Luke J. Hearne,&nbsp;James M. Shine,&nbsp;Diego Vidaurre","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To elucidate the neurobiological basis of cognition, which is dynamic and evolving, various methods have emerged to characterise time-varying functional connectivity (FC) and track the temporal evolution of functional networks. However, given a selection of regions, many of these methods are based on modelling all possible pairwise connections, diluting a potential focus of interest on individual connections. This is the case with the hidden Markov model (HMM), which relies on region-by-region covariance matrices across all pairs of selected regions, assuming that fluctuations in FC occur across all investigated connections; that is, that all connections are locked to the same temporal pattern. To address this limitation, we introduce <i>Targeted Time-Varying FC</i> (T-TVFC), a variant of the HMM that explicitly models the temporal fluctuations between two sets of regions in a targeted fashion, rather than across the entire connectivity matrix. In this study, we apply T-TVFC to both simulated and real-world data. Specifically, we investigate thalamocortical connectivity, hypothesising distinct temporal signatures compared to corticocortical networks. Given the thalamus's role as a critical hub, thalamocortical connections might contain unique information about cognitive processing that could be overlooked in a coarser representation. We tested these hypotheses on high-field functional magnetic resonance data from 60 participants engaged in a reasoning task with varying complexity levels. Our findings demonstrate that the time-varying interactions captured by T-TVFC contain task-related information not detected by more traditional decompositions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Representation Precision of Distance Predicts Children's Arithmetic Performance","authors":"Hui Zhao,&nbsp;Wang Qi,&nbsp;Jiahua Xu,&nbsp;Yaxin Yao,&nbsp;Jianing Lyu,&nbsp;Jiaxin Yang,&nbsp;Shaozheng Qin","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70184","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Focusing on the distance between magnitudes as the starting point to investigate the mechanism of relation detection and its contribution to mathematical thinking, this study explores the precision of neural representations of numerical distance and their impact on children's arithmetic performance. By employing neural decoding techniques and representational similarity analysis, the present study investigates how accurately the brain represents numerical distances and how this precision relates to arithmetic skills. Twenty-nine school-aged children participated, completing a dot number comparison task during fMRI scanning and an arithmetic fluency test. Results indicated that neural activation patterns in the intra-parietal sulcus decoded the distance between the presented pair of dots, and higher precision in neural distance representation correlates with better arithmetic performance. These findings suggest that the accuracy of neural decoding can serve as an index of neural representation precision and that the ability to precisely encode numerical distances in the brain is a key factor in mathematical abilities. This provides new insights into the neural basis of mathematical cognition and learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for Transient, Uncoupled Power and Functional Connectivity Dynamics","authors":"Rukuang Huang,&nbsp;Chetan Gohil,&nbsp;Mark Woolrich","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70179","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is growing interest in studying the temporal structure in brain network activity, in particular, dynamic functional connectivity (FC), which has been linked in several studies with cognition, demographics and disease states. The sliding window approach is one of the most common approaches to compute dynamic FC. However, it cannot detect cognitively relevant and transient temporal changes at time scales of fast cognition, that is, on the order of 100 ms, which can be identified with model-based methods such as the HMM (Hidden Markov Model) and DyNeMo (Dynamic Network Modes) using electrophysiology. These new methods provide time-varying estimates of the ‘power’ (i.e., variance) and of the functional connectivity of the brain activity, under the assumption that they share the same dynamics. But there is no principled basis for this assumption. Using a new method that allows for the possibility that power and FC networks have different dynamics (Multi-dynamic DyNeMo) on resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) data, we show that the dynamics of the power and the FC networks are not coupled. Using a (visual) task MEG dataset, we show that the power and FC network dynamics are modulated by the task, such that the coupling in their dynamics changes significantly during the task. This work reveals novel insights into evoked network responses and ongoing activity that previous methods fail to capture, challenging the assumption that power and FC share the same dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships Between Brain Glucose Metabolism Patterns and Impaired Glycemic Status: A Systematic Review of FDG-PET Studies With a Focus on Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Setareh Soltani,&nbsp;Mahsa Dolatshahi,&nbsp;Sara Soltani,&nbsp;Kian Khazaei,&nbsp;Maryam Rahmani,&nbsp;Cyrus A. Raji","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is well-established that individuals with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is not fully determined how insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are related to AD-related brain glucose metabolism abnormalities. For this aim, we performed a systematic review of the studies investigating the association between cerebral glucose metabolism and glycemic status, including diabetes, insulin resistance, or hyperglycemia. Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched (till February 2, 2025). All English full-text papers studying 18F-FDG-PET that investigated the association between cerebral FDG uptake or cerebral metabolism rate and glycemic status were included. These studies were reviewed for quality assessment, data extraction, and qualitative synthesis. After screening titles and abstracts of 718 unique records identified from our search, 23 studies (5308 participants) addressing the association between brain glucose metabolism alterations, as assessed by FDG-PET scan, and glycemic status were included for qualitative analysis. Of these 23 studies, 22 studies suggested that hyperglycemia or insulin resistance is related to global or regional cerebral glucose hypometabolism. The regional brain metabolism reductions were mostly in the frontal cortex, parietotemporal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus cortex, known as AD-signature areas. Hyperglycemia, diabetes, and insulin resistance are associated with cerebral glucose hypometabolism in similar regions compared to AD. This can suggest that even in cognitively normal individuals, insulin resistance can potentially increase the predisposition to abnormal AD-like glucose metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smooth Normative Brain Mapping of Three-Dimensional Morphometry Imaging Data Using Skew-Normal Regression","authors":"Marco Palma,&nbsp;Shahin Tavakoli,&nbsp;Julia Brettschneider,&nbsp;Ana-Maria Staicu,&nbsp;Thomas E. Nichols,&nbsp;for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70185","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tensor-based morphometry (TBM) aims at showing local differences in brain volumes with respect to a common template. TBM images are smooth, but they exhibit (especially in diseased groups) higher values in some brain regions called lateral ventricles. More specifically, our voxelwise analysis shows both a mean–variance relationship in these areas and evidence of spatially dependent skewness. We propose a model for three-dimensional imaging data where mean, variance and skewness functions vary smoothly across brain locations. We model the voxelwise distributions as skew-normal. We illustrate an interpolation-based approach to obtain smooth parameter functions based on a subset of voxels. The effects of age and sex are estimated on a reference population of cognitively normal subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data set and mapped across the whole brain. The three parameter functions allow transforming each TBM image (in the reference population as well as in a test set) into a normative map based on Gaussian distributions. These subject-specific normative maps are used to derive indices of deviation from a healthy condition to assess the individual risk of pathological degeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}