Human Brain Mapping最新文献

{"title":"Neural Processing of Noise-Vocoded Speech Under Divided Attention: An fMRI-Machine Learning Study.","authors":"Han Wang, Rongru Chen, Josef Schlittenlacher, Carolyn McGettigan, Stuart Rosen, Patti Adank","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70312","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In real-life interaction, we often need to communicate under challenging conditions, such as when speech is acoustically degraded. This issue is compounded by the fact that our attentional resources are often divided when we simultaneously need to engage in other tasks. The interaction between the perception of degraded speech and simultaneously performing additional cognitive tasks is poorly understood. Here, we combined a dual-task paradigm with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and machine learning to establish the neural network supporting degraded speech perception under divided attention. We presented 25 human participants with noise-vocoded sentences while they engaged in a concurrent visuomotor recognition task, employing a factorial design that manipulated both speech degradation and task difficulty. Participants listened to eight-band (easier) and four-band (more difficult) noise-vocoded sentences, while the Gabor task featured two difficulty levels, determined by the angular discrepancy of the target. We employed a machine learning algorithm (Extreme Gradient Boosting, XGBoost) to evaluate the set of brain areas that showed activity predicting the difficulty of the speech and dual tasks. The results illustrated intelligibility-related responses in frontal and cingulate cortices and bilateral insulae induced by divided attention. Machine learning further revealed modality-general and specific responses to speech and visual inputs, in a set of frontotemporal regions reported for domain-general cognitive functions such as attentional control, motor function, and performance monitoring. These results suggest that the management of attentional resources during challenging speech perception recruits a bilateral operculo-frontal network also associated with processing acoustically degraded speech.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 11","pages":"e70312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Factors Affecting Quality in Structural Magnetic Resonance Images","authors":"Lisa Raoul,&nbsp;Anastasia Benedyk,&nbsp;Oksana Berhe,&nbsp;Thomas Leon Kremer,&nbsp;Malika Renz,&nbsp;Yuchen Lin,&nbsp;Niharika Roychoudhury,&nbsp;Alexander Moldavski,&nbsp;Ali Ghadami,&nbsp;Abhijit Sreepada,&nbsp;Marvin Ganz,&nbsp;Markus Sack,&nbsp;Matthias Ruf,&nbsp;Robert Becker,&nbsp;Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg,&nbsp;Heike Tost,&nbsp;Jamila Andoh","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70271","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Combining Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) from different sources is an increasingly common practice that holds high scientific value. Differences in acquisition parameters and participant characteristics can lead to variations in image quality, highlighting the importance of ensuring these variations do not result in biased statistical outcomes. Here, we investigated contributions of both technical and participant-related factors to MRI quality. We examined how technical factors (scanner hardware, software, and acquisition protocols) affect the Image Quality Rating (IQR) of anatomical MRI. We also evaluated the stability of IQR over time, examined the effects of defacing on image quality, and investigated how participant characteristics (age, sex, and mental health) influence IQR. We collected 2779 T1-weighted volumes, acquired at two different scanner sites (both Siemens 3 Tesla), using two coil array designs (64-channel and 32-channel array), and four scanner software versions (VB17, VB15, VE11, XA30), five acquisition protocols, including two different spatial resolutions (1 mm, 0.8 mm isotropic). Data were collected from 910 healthy controls (HC) (499 women, mean age 27.55 ± 11.27) and from 563 individuals (321 women, mean age 36.42 ± 12.93) with various clinical conditions (125 Major Depressive Disorder [MDD], 43 Autism Spectrum Disorder [AUT], 81 Alcohol Use Disorder [AUD], 104 Schizophrenia [SZ], 70 Chronic Pain [CP], 41 Bipolar Disorder [BD], and 100 with unspecified disease [NHC]). Structural images were preprocessed and analyzed using the quality control pipelines of the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12, https://neuro-jena.github.io/cat12-help/), which provide an image quality rating (IQR) index for each image, with higher IQR indicating a lower image quality. There was no significant effect of scanner site or coil design on IQR. We found a significant effect of scanner software, with lower image quality for VB17 compared with VB15. There was a significant effect of acquisition protocols (i.e., IQR with protocol “T1_1mm_extended” was higher than with others protocols), and image spatial resolution had a significant impact on IQR, with higher IQR values for 1 mm compared to 0.8 mm. Within participants, IQR was stable across sessions, showing minimal day-to-day variability. Defacing had no significant impact on IQR. Regarding participant characteristics, we observed a significant interaction between sex and age: IQR increased with age in men but not in women. Additionally, participants with SZ had a significant higher IQR compared to HC and MDD. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the influence of technical and participant-related factors on MRI quality. The findings also support IQR as a robust indicator of image quality and emphasize the importance of integrating image quality metrics, both in multicentric studies and within individual research centers. Incorporating IQR as a quality metric would help minimize biase","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S-GMAS: Genome-Wide Mediation Analysis With Brain Subcortical Shape Mediators","authors":"Shengxian Ding,&nbsp;Rongjie Liu,&nbsp;Anuj Srivastava,&nbsp;Richard S. Nowakowski,&nbsp;Li Shen,&nbsp;Paul M. Thompson,&nbsp;Heping Zhang,&nbsp;Chao Huang","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70297","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mediation analysis is widely utilized in neuroscience to investigate the role of brain image phenotypes in the neurological pathways from genetic exposures to clinical outcomes. However, it is still difficult to conduct mediation analyses with whole genome-wide exposures and brain subcortical shape mediators due to several challenges including (i) large-scale genetic exposures, that is, millions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); (ii) nonlinear Hilbert space for shape mediators; and (iii) statistical inference on the direct and indirect effects. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes a genome-wide mediation analysis framework with brain subcortical shape mediators. First, to address the issue caused by the high dimensionality in genetic exposures, a fast genome-wide association analysis is conducted to discover potential genetic variants with significant genetic effects on the clinical outcome. Second, the square-root velocity function representations are extracted from the brain subcortical shapes, which fall in an unconstrained linear Hilbert subspace. Third, to identify the underlying causal pathways from the detected SNPs to the clinical outcome implicitly through the shape mediators, we utilize a shape mediation analysis framework consisting of a shape-on-scalar model and a scalar-on-shape model. Furthermore, the bootstrap resampling approach is adopted to investigate both global and spatial significant mediation effects. Finally, our framework is applied to the corpus callosum shape data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salient Memory: Effects of Distributed Learning on Cortical Regions During Memory Retrieval","authors":"Cuihong Li,&nbsp;Jiongjiong Yang","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70301","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spaced or distributed learning is an efficient way to enhance memory, especially after long retention intervals, and the lag between repetition influences memory retention. Studies have suggested that various cortical regions are involved in the spacing effect, but how the cortical regions are involved to support memory retrieval, especially at longer intervals, after DL with varying inter-study lags is still unclear. To address this issue, three groups of participants were asked to encode face–scene pairs at 20 min, 1 day, and 1 month before they were scanned by fMRI during an associative recognition task. The pairs were learned six times in three conditions: a massed (ML), distributed with a short lag (DL-S) and distributed with a long lag (DL-L). The results showed that the activation in the salience network, including the insula and cingulate cortex, was stronger when the participants retrieved the pairs correctly in the DL-L and DL-S conditions than in the ML condition. In addition, the inferior frontal gyrus/insula was more strongly activated when the new associations were correctly rejected in the DL-L than in the DL-S condition at 1 month. The functional connectivity between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortices was stronger in the DL-L than in the DL-S condition at 1 month. These results suggest that successful memory retrieval after distributed learning is associated with the regions that are responsible for salience detection and top-down control, especially at long-term retention. More salient and controlled representations could be established over time after DL and are supported by distributed brain networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-Driven Approach to Dynamic Resting State Functional Connectivity in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Study","authors":"Carissa W. Tomas,&nbsp;Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald,&nbsp;C. Lexi Baird,&nbsp;Courtney C. Haswell,&nbsp;Chadi G. Abdallah,&nbsp;Michael Angstadt,&nbsp;Justin T. Baker,&nbsp;Hannah Berg,&nbsp;Jennifer U. Blackford,&nbsp;Josh Cisler,&nbsp;Andrew S. Cotton,&nbsp;Judith K. Daniels,&nbsp;Nicholas D. Davenport,&nbsp;Richard J. Davidson,&nbsp;Terri A. deRoon-Cassini,&nbsp;Seth G. Disner,&nbsp;Wissam El Hage,&nbsp;Negar Fani,&nbsp;Jessie L. Frijling,&nbsp;Evan M. Gordon,&nbsp;Daniel W. Grupe,&nbsp;Xiaofu He,&nbsp;Ryan Herringa,&nbsp;David Hofmann,&nbsp;Ashley A. Huggins,&nbsp;Ahmed Hussain,&nbsp;Jonathan Ipser,&nbsp;Neda Jahanshad,&nbsp;Tanja Jovanovic,&nbsp;Milissa L. Kaufman,&nbsp;Yoojean Kim,&nbsp;Anthony King,&nbsp;Saskia B. J. Koch,&nbsp;Sheri Koopowitz,&nbsp;Amit Lazarov,&nbsp;Lauren A. M. Lebois,&nbsp;Isreal Liberzon,&nbsp;Shmuel Lissek,&nbsp;Antje Manthey,&nbsp;Geoffrey May,&nbsp;Katie A. McLaughlin,&nbsp;Laura Nawijn,&nbsp;Steven M. Nelson,&nbsp;Yuval Neria,&nbsp;Jack B. Nitschke,&nbsp;Bunmi O. Olatunji,&nbsp;Miranda Olff,&nbsp;Matthew Peverill,&nbsp;Yann Quidé,&nbsp;Orren Ravid,&nbsp;Kerry Ressler,&nbsp;Marisa Ross,&nbsp;Lauren E. Salminen,&nbsp;Kelly Sambrook,&nbsp;Chiahao Shih,&nbsp;Anika Sierk,&nbsp;Scott R. Sponheim,&nbsp;Dan J. Stein,&nbsp;Jennifer Stevens,&nbsp;Thomas Straube,&nbsp;Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez,&nbsp;Paul M. Thompson,&nbsp;Nic J. A. van der Wee,&nbsp;Steven J. A. van der Werff,&nbsp;Sanne J. H. van Rooij,&nbsp;Mirjam van Zuiden,&nbsp;Dick J. Veltman,&nbsp;Robert R. J. M. Vermeiren,&nbsp;Henrik Walter,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Hong Xie,&nbsp;Xi Zhu,&nbsp;Sigal Zilcha-Mano,&nbsp;Christine L. Larson,&nbsp;Rajendra Morey","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been associated with aberrations in brain networks in the absence of a given cognitive demand or task, called resting-state networks. Prior work has focused on disruption in the static functional connectivity (FC) among specific regions constrained by a priori hypotheses. However, dynamic FC, an approach that examines brain network characteristics over time, may provide a more sensitive measure to understand the network properties underlying dysfunction in PTSD. Further, using a data-driven analytic approach may reveal the contribution of other larger network disturbances beyond those revealed by hypothesis-driven examinations of ROIs or canonical networks. Therefore, the current study used group independent components analysis (ICA) and graph theory principles to identify, characterize, and subsequently compare brain network dynamics and recurrent connectivity states in a large sample of trauma exposed individuals (<i>N</i> = 1035) with and without PTSD from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD workgroup. Neither static FC nor dynamic FC results showed robust differences between groups. There were also no group differences in dwell time or number of transitions of recurrent connectivity states. This multi-cohort sample with heterogenous trauma types and demographic features offers a significantly larger scale approach than prior literature with smaller homogenous trauma cohorts. Heterogeneity of PTSD, especially within diffuse brain networks, may not be captured by evaluating only diagnostic groups, further work should be done to evaluate brain network dynamics with respect to specific symptom profiles and trauma types.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneously Acquired Magnetoencephalography and Diffuse Optical Tomography Data Reveals Correlated Somatosensory Activity","authors":"Salla Autti,&nbsp;Pauliina Hirvi,&nbsp;Mariia Keitaanniemi,&nbsp;Hanna Mustaniemi,&nbsp;Kalle Kotilahti,&nbsp;Hanna Renvall,&nbsp;Ilkka Nissilä","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70293","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Simultaneous measurement of electrophysiological and hemodynamic brain signals imposes special requirements on the instrumentation. Here, we developed a high-density fiberoptic probe for concurrent diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings. Transparent two-component silicone was mixed with carbon black dye to achieve a black, flexible, non-magnetic support for the dense optode arrangement and low (5 mm) probe thickness. The probe was used to record somatosensory responses to electrical right median nerve stimulation at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 Hz in 18 adult human subjects. Brain activity was simultaneously measured with a commercial whole-head MEG system and with the DOT optode arrangement covering approximately 40 cm² over the parietal region in the contralateral left hemisphere. Two correlation-based clustering methods were developed to find regions where the reconstructed time course of total hemoglobin concentration (HbT) changes correlated with the predicted hemodynamic activity based on time-course characteristics of the MEG sources and the canonical hemodynamic response model. Two statistically significant clusters were found based on the correlation between HbT around the postcentral gyrus and MEG primary somatosensory cortical activity at ~35 ms (P35m response). In addition, correlation between HbT and secondary somatosensory cortical activity suggested a statistically significant cluster in the postcentral gyrus and parietal operculum. These results illustrate an improvement in localization over previous DOT studies using sparse optode arrangements, and demonstrate the feasibility of the system for simultaneous HD-DOT-MEG experiments. Furthermore, the techniques described here pave the way for understanding the coupling between hemodynamic and electrophysiological responses. Further research is needed to reveal the neuronal circuits giving rise to the correlating MEG and DOT response features. Significant improvements in the technology are still expected via optimization of the detected light power in the instrumentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Investigation of an In-Scanner Alternative to the Cold Pressor Test in Healthy Individuals","authors":"Sonia Medina,&nbsp;Sam W. Hughes","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70291","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cold pressor task (CPT) is widely used to study tonic pain during acute and chronic conditions and is often used as a conditioning stimulus to activate descending pain control systems. However, logistical challenges in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) limit its application, hindering the understanding of CPT's neural dynamics. To address this, we acquired resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data from 30 healthy participants before, during and after immersion in gelled-cold water, the closest in-scanner alternative to date to CPT for prolonged stimulation. Participants provided subjective pain intensity ratings after each scan, as well as average pain perceived during noxious stimulation, using a numeric rating scale (NRS). Following fMRI, participants rated their pain continuously during identical tonic noxious stimulation of the contralateral hand using a visual analogue scale (VAS). We employed three complementary methods to examine changes in brain function across fMRI conditions: a data-driven approach via independent component analysis (ICA), seed-to-whole-brain connectivity analysis with the periaqueductal grey (PAG) as seed and spectral dynamic causal modelling (spDCM) to explore effective connectivity changes across the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), anterior insulae (AI), thalamus and PAG. NRS scores were significantly higher following tonic cold compared to baseline and recovery conditions. Continuous VAS reflected sustained mild-to-moderate pain over 6 min, with average VAS scores not significantly differing from NRS ratings recorded in the scanner. ICA identified engagement of descending pain control and sensorimotor networks during pain, with the latter persisting during recovery. Seed-based analysis revealed a disengagement between the PAG and cortical/subcortical regions involved in pain processing, such as the dACC, midcingulate cortex, AI, intraparietal sulcus and precuneus. Finally, spDCM revealed tonic pain neural signature was most likely characterised by top-down inhibitory and bottom-up excitatory connections. This study establishes the cold gelled-water paradigm as a potential in-scanner alternative to CPT. By uncovering key neural dynamics of CPT, we provide new insights into the brain and brainstem mechanisms of tonic cold pain paradigms routinely used in psychophysical pain studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered EEG Response of the Parietal Network in Asymptomatic C9orf72 Carriers","authors":"Stefan Dukic,&nbsp;Kevin van Veenhuijzen,&nbsp;Henk-Jan Westeneng,&nbsp;Roisin McMackin,&nbsp;Ruben P. A. van Eijk,&nbsp;Boudewijn T. H. M. Sleutjes,&nbsp;Bahman Nasseroleslami,&nbsp;Orla Hardiman,&nbsp;Leonard H. van den Berg","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70275","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron degeneration. Around 10% of cases have a genetic basis, with the <i>C9orf72</i> hexanucleotide repeat expansion being the most common cause in individuals of European ancestry. Detecting early alterations in at-risk individuals could aid in identifying biomarkers for timely diagnosis and intervention. In this study, we investigated electrophysiological changes in asymptomatic <i>C9orf72</i> mutation carriers using EEG, focusing on cognitive and motor networks, as these individuals are at risk of developing impairments in both domains. This study included 87 asymptomatic family members (AFM) of patients with familial <i>C9orf72</i> ALS, comprising 37 individuals carrying the pathological repeat expansion (C9+) and 50 without it (C9−). High-density EEG was recorded during the sustained attention to response task (SART), which is a Go/NoGo paradigm that engages the frontoparietal and motor networks. Task performance was recorded and six behavioral measures were extracted: NoGo accuracy, Go accuracy, total accuracy, anticipation error, average response time, and response time variability. Analyses were conducted on EEG data in both sensor- and source-space, using stimulus- and response-locked data. The stimulus-locked Go and NoGo data were analysed within two time windows: 180–350 ms (N2) and 300–600 ms (P3), while response-locked Go data were analysed within a −100 to 100 ms time window. Linear mixed models were used to quantify differences between groups, incorporating familial pedigree to control for between-subject dependencies. While the two groups did not significantly differ in any SART performance measures, EEG analyses revealed differences. During the stimulus-locked N2, significant differences were observed in sensor-space, primarily in central electrodes during both NoGo and Go conditions, with C9+ AFM exhibiting an increased negative potential. Source analysis confirmed these findings and localized the increased activity in the bilateral precuneus and superior parietal regions. Further analysis of the response-locked data supported the involvement of the same posterior regions. No significant relationships were found between these EEG observations and SART performance. These findings provide the first evidence of EEG changes in AFM carrying the <i>C9orf72</i> repeat expansion. The observed functional changes in the parietal regions may reflect genotype-related effects on the motor control network, potentially contributing to early pathophysiology. In contrast, clinical assessments and task performance did not differ between groups, suggesting that our EEG findings may hold promise as biomarkers for monitoring the risk of conversion to symptomatic disease and warrant further exploration to assess their predictive value for future symptom onset.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Associated Cortical Thinning in Speech Motor Regions Precedes Hippocampal Decline: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Lindsay C. Hanford,&nbsp;John Jacoby,&nbsp;David H. Salat,&nbsp;Steven E. Arnold,&nbsp;Marziye Eshghi","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70288","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Speech-motor and cognitive impairments are commonly observed in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Although there is a strong interaction between motor and cognitive functions, intact speech motor control is a crucial yet often-overlooked component of cognitive functioning. Additionally, motor decline can occur independently and may precede the onset of cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative conditions. These impairments can confound measures of higher-order cognition, typically assessed through behavioral performance. Notably, the associations between cognitive performance and biological indices of speech motor production have been largely unexplored. This study is the first to examine cognitive associations of cortical thickness in brain regions implicated in speech motor performance across the adult lifespan, and to investigate whether age-related structural changes in speech motor regions precede those seen in the hippocampus. Our sample included 699 cognitively healthy adults (56% female) spanning 35–90 years from the Human Connectome Project (HCP)-Aging dataset. Cognition was estimated using standard neuropsychological assessments including: the Trail Making Task A/B (TMT), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and a cognitive composite score (summating cognitive performance across multiple tasks). Whole-brain T1- and T2-weighted MRI images were acquired using 3-Tesla scanners across multiple study sites. Structural images were preprocessed using the HCP minimal preprocessed pipelines to reconstruct cortical surfaces. Volume-based estimates including hippocampal volume and total gray matter volume were adjusted for head size using an adjusted measure of estimated Total Intracranial Volume (eTIV). Speech motor regions were investigated relative to well-characterized relationships with hippocampal volume (a hallmark region for memory and cognition and AD-related atrophy). Estimates of cortical thickness were extracted from 14 bilateral speech motor control regions spanning premotor, motor, somatosensory, insular, and prefrontal cortices. Performance across all cognitive tasks and estimates of brain structure were all highly correlated with age. After controlling for the effects of age, greater hippocampal volume remained correlated with better cognitive performance across all cognitive tasks. However, only cognitive associations with greater total gray matter volume survived correction for multiple comparisons. As expected, age associations with hippocampal volume differed between early (−0.191%/year) and late adulthood (−0.714%/year) (<i>T</i> = 6.179, <i>p</i> = 0.0002). Age associations with speech motor control regions significantly differed from the associations seen in GMV, mCT, and/or hippocampal volume across the lifespan (Pcor &lt; 0.0001) and during late adulthood when compared separately. Half the speech motor control regions explored showed","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Nutrition is Associated With Global Motion Perception and V5 Function in 7-Year-Old Children Born Very Preterm","authors":"Linda Nguyen,&nbsp;Andrew E. Silva,&nbsp;Tanya Poppe,&nbsp;Myra Leung,&nbsp;Jane M. Alsweiler,&nbsp;Joanna Black,&nbsp;Jane E. Harding,&nbsp;Anna C. Tottman,&nbsp;Benjamin Thompson,&nbsp;the PIANO Study Group","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The dorsal stream vulnerability hypothesis suggests that preterm birth may preferentially impair development of the dorsal visual pathway. We explored the effects of early nutrition on dorsal stream development in a well-characterized cohort of 7-year-old children born very preterm. The children had been admitted to a tertiary hospital neonatal intensive care unit either before (OldPro group) or after (NewPro group) a parenteral nutrition protocol change that was intended to increase protein intake and reduce fluid volume intake. We assessed dorsal stream function using the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in V1 and V5 to coherent and incoherent random dot kinematograms (RDKs), quantified using functional magnetic resonance imaging. V1 and V5 regions of interest could be localized in 24 children (OldPro <i>n</i> = 11, NewPro <i>n</i> = 13). Motion coherence thresholds, a psychophysical measure of global motion perception, were also available for 22 of these children (OldPro <i>n</i> = 9, NewPro <i>n</i> = 13). The NewPro group demonstrated a higher V5 BOLD response to RDK stimuli (OldPro: mean = 0.5%, SD = 0.2%; NewPro: mean = 1.0%, SD = 0.6%) and exhibited lower (better) motion coherence thresholds (OldPro: median = 74.0%, IQR: 59.5%–81.2%; NewPro: median = 36.8%, IQR: 27.5%–44.5%), compared to the OldPro group. The V1 BOLD response did not differ between the groups. There was a significant association between V5 ΔBOLD (coherent minus incoherent stimulus BOLD response) and motion coherence threshold. Together, these findings suggest that early nutrition may influence dorsal stream development in children born very preterm.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}