Human Brain Mapping最新文献

{"title":"Selective Modulation of Evidence Accumulation by Hippocampal Theta Oscillations During Mnemonic Decision-Making.","authors":"Pei L Robins, Jessica R Gilbert, Bruce Luber, Nadia Mustafa, Eesha Bharti, Jeffrey D Stout, Frederick W Carver, Zhi-De Deng","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A core function of episodic memory is to distinguish between overlapping experiences by converting similar inputs into distinct, non-overlapping representations, a process termed pattern separation. While anatomical models emphasize the role of specific hippocampal subfields, particularly the dentate gyrus, CA3, and CA1, less is known about how these computations unfold over time and influence memory-based decisions. Here, we use source-localized magnetoencephalography and computational modeling to examine how theta oscillations from the hippocampus as a whole are related to evidence accumulation during mnemonic discrimination. Participants performed the Mnemonic Similarity Task, in which they classified Repeat, Lure, and Foil images as \"Old,\" \"Similar,\" or \"New.\" Event-related spectral and source activity confirmed reliable hippocampal engagement during the task despite its anatomical depth. We fit a hierarchical Linear Ballistic Accumulator model to behavioral data, estimating trial-by-trial drift rates as a latent index of mnemonic evidence accumulation, and examined whether hippocampal theta power predicted these dynamics. Left hippocampal theta was negatively associated with drift toward \"New\" responses on lure trials, while right hippocampal theta was positively associated with drift toward \"Similar\" responses on foil trials. These effects suggest that hippocampal theta selectively indexes partial-match sensitivity, with consequences that are beneficial or costly depending on whether the stimulus has an encoded memory counterpart. However, direct comparisons between hemispheres did not yield credible differences. These findings offer preliminary evidence that trial-level hippocampal theta fluctuations are related to the dynamics of memory-guided decision-making and demonstrate the feasibility of linking deep-source MEG recordings to computational models of evidence accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 7","pages":"e70529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Substrates of Attentional Control During Emotional Processing: Evidence From rTMS-fMRI Targeting the Frontal Eye Field.","authors":"Jennifer Malsert, Vincent Rochas, Tonia Rihs, Swann Pichon, Patrik Vuilleumier","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Past research has provided conflicting evidence concerning whether emotional processing in the amygdala arises independent of selective attention to threat-related stimuli or instead depends on attentional resources and top-down voluntary control. Here, we combine repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the right frontal eye field (FEF) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine how perturbing top-down attentional control is associated with changes in neural responses to emotional stimuli in visual cortex and amygdala. Participants performed a matching task in which they had to judge whether task-relevant image pairs were similar or different while ignoring task-irrelevant pairs. On each trial, one pair showed houses and the other pair displayed either neutral or fearful faces. The task was performed in two sessions following either rTMS or no TMS, in counterbalanced order. Behavioral results revealed that right FEF perturbation selectively slowed responses to neutral but not fearful faces. ROI analyses revealed selective changes in fusiform face area (FFA) responses to neutral faces following FEF rTMS, while responses to fearful faces were relatively preserved; in parallel, amygdala responses to fearful faces remained intact or showed increased activation. A control group undergoing the same protocol with rTMS applied to the vertex (VTX) showed no significant changes in behavioral performance or neural activation patterns. Together, these findings suggest that neural responses to emotionally salient stimuli may be less dependent on top-down attentional modulation than responses to neutral stimuli, consistent with models proposing partially distinct contributions of attentional and emotional processing networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 7","pages":"e70535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trait-Relevant Tasks Improve Personality Prediction From Structural-Functional Brain Network Coupling.","authors":"Johanna L Popp, Jonas A Thiele, Joshua Faskowitz, Caio Seguin, Olaf Sporns, Kirsten Hilger","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70533","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personality traits capture stable patterns of behavior and thought, and neurobiological correlates were identified in structural and functional brain networks. Here, we investigate whether the coupling between structural and functional brain networks (SC-FC coupling), during resting state and seven tasks of varying trait-relevance, is associated with individual differences in the Big Five personality traits. We used diffusion-weighted and functional magnetic resonance imaging from 764 participants of the Human Connectome Project and modelled individual differences in SC-FC coupling with similarity and communication measures. These measures approximate functional interactions unfolding on top of the structural connectome and were set in relation to individual variations in personality traits. Small but significant associations in the main analysis were only observed during trait-relevant tasks: for agreeableness during social cognition, and conscientiousness could be predicted from task-general coupling patterns. We conclude that optimizing trait-relevance of tasks during neuroscientific measurement presents a promising means to increase effect sizes in studies on brain-behavior associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 7","pages":"e70533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13124662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147769993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Low Field to High Value: Robust Cortical Mapping From Low-Field MRI.","authors":"Karthik Gopinath, Annabel Sorby-Adams, Jonathan Williams-Ramirez, Dina Zemlyanker, Jennifer Guo, David Hunt, Christine L Mac Donald, C Dirk Keene, Timothy Coalson, Matthew F Glasser, David Van Essen, Matthew S Rosen, Oula Puonti, W Taylor Kimberly, Juan Eugenio Iglesias","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70515","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional reconstruction of cortical surfaces from MRI for subsequent morphometric analysis is fundamental for understanding brain structure. While high-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (HF-MRI) is the standard in research and clinical settings, its relatively limited availability hinders widespread use. Low-field MRI (LF-MRI), particularly portable systems, offers a cost-effective and accessible alternative. However, existing cortical surface analysis tools, such as FreeSurfer, are optimized for high-resolution HF-MRI and struggle with the lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and resolution of LF-MRI. In this work, we present a machine learning method for 3D reconstruction and analysis of portable LF-MRI scans over a range of contrasts and resolutions. Our method works \"out of the box\" and does not require retraining. It leverages a 3D U-Net trained on synthetic LF-MRI data to predict signed distance functions of the cortical surfaces, followed by geometric processing to ensure topologically accurate reconstructions. We evaluate our approach using paired HF-/LF-MRI scans of the same 15 subjects and 50 subjects from the ULF-EnC dataset. The results show that our method robustly recovers surfaces across LF-MRI acquisitions, with accuracy depending on MRI contrast mechanism (T1 vs. T2), slice anisotropy (axial vs. isotropic), and resolution. A 3 mm isotropic T2-weighted scan acquired in under 4 min, which is comparable in duration to typical HF-MRI acquisitions, yields strong agreement with HF-derived surfaces: surface area correlates at <math> <semantics><mrow><mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.96</mn></mrow> <annotation>$$ r=0.96 $$</annotation></semantics> </math> , cortical parcellations reach a Dice coefficient of <math> <semantics><mrow><mn>0.98</mn></mrow> <annotation>$$ 0.98 $$</annotation></semantics> </math> , and gray matter volume achieves <math> <semantics><mrow><mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.93</mn></mrow> <annotation>$$ r=0.93 $$</annotation></semantics> </math> . Cortical thickness remains more challenging but achieves correlations up to <math> <semantics><mrow><mi>r</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.70</mn></mrow> <annotation>$$ r=0.70 $$</annotation></semantics> </math> , reflecting the difficulties of achieving sub-mm precision with ~3 × 3 × 3 mm voxels. Our results also show that recon-any performs robustly across other sequences and contrasts, though thickness estimates are particularly sensitive and degrade substantially with anisotropic or low-resolution scans. We also validate our method on challenging postmortem LF-MRI scans, further illustrating its robustness. Our method represents a significant step toward making cortical surface analysis feasible for portable LF-MRI systems. The tool is publicly available at https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/fswiki/ReconAny.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 7","pages":"e70515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13124654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directed Communication in Theta and Alpha Networks Supports Content Handling in Working Memory.","authors":"Julia Elmers, Moritz Mückschel, Christian Beste","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70537","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Executive functions enable flexible control of behavior by dynamically coordinating perception, memory, and action. Among them, working memory plays a central role by maintaining and transforming information to meet current goals. Here, we examined mental rotation-a core operation that exemplifies these control dynamics-and delineated the role of directed communication in theta and alpha band activity in cortical networks. Replicating the typical behavioral pattern in mental rotation, we showed that high-demand rotations were characterized by decreased theta and increased alpha power, reflecting a functional reallocation from control-intensive monitoring to stabilized maintenance of visual representations. EEG-beamforming localization identified anterior temporal, inferior frontal, and insular regions showing stronger directed information transfer to temporo-parietal and occipito-temporal regions. These findings suggest that mental rotation is associated with frequency-specific, hierarchically organized, directed communication between anterior control-related and posterior representational systems. In this directed communication, theta band dynamics likely coordinate working memory updating and response selection, whereas alpha-band coupling stabilizes mnemonic representations through inhibitory gating. The study suggests that directed theta and alpha dynamics may support the flexible transformation of internal representations in working memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 7","pages":"e70537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13129412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147769939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structuro-Functional Differentiation and Coupling of Gyri and Sulci in the Neonatal Cortex","authors":"Wei Mao,&nbsp;Zhibin He,&nbsp;Xuewei Jin,&nbsp;Elmehdi Hamouda,&nbsp;Xun Ou,&nbsp;Keith M. Kendrick,&nbsp;Tuo Zhang,&nbsp;Xi Jiang","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70524","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70524","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brain structure and function undergo rapid development during the neonatal period. Investigating neonatal brain structure, function, and their relationship is therefore crucial for understanding how the brain matures into a complex structuro-functional system. As fundamental anatomical units of the cerebral cortex, gyri and sulci provide novel and valuable insights for such investigations. However, gyro-sulcal differentiation and their structuro-functional developmental relationship in neonates remain poorly explored. To address this gap, we used multi-modal MRI data (structural T2w, diffusion-weighted, and resting state functional MRI) from 438 neonatal brains in the public dHCP dataset. We systematically examined differences in functional connectivity (FC) and structural connectivity (SC) between gyri and sulci from 38 to 44 weeks postmenstrual age, as well as their FC-SC coupling characteristics. From 38 to 44 weeks, both FC and SC were consistently strongest between gyro-gyral regions and weakest between sulco-sulcal regions, demonstrating that gyri act as global information processing hubs while sulci serve as local functional units in the neonatal brain. FC-SC coupling exhibited distinct patterns across cortical lobes and over time, with a characteristic shift from coupling to decoupling around 41 weeks in most regions. This study provides a foundation for understanding early developmental mechanisms of brain structure–function relationships and establishes a normative reference of gyro-sulcal differentiation as well as FC-SC coupling in the neonatal period. These findings may inform future investigations of atypical neurodevelopment and contribute to the identification of early biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70524","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Neonatal Brain Anatomy Is Associated With Cross-Disorder Genetic Risk for Psychiatric Disorders.","authors":"Xixi Dang, Ruiqi Su, Dan Wu, Mingyang Li","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70532","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychiatric disorders share a complex polygenic architecture, yet how this genetic liability relates to early brain development remains unclear. This study investigated the associations between cross-disorder polygenic risk and neonatal brain anatomy. We derived three latent psychiatric factors using GenomicSEM, reflecting shared genetic liability among related conditions: A neurodevelopmental factor, a compulsive factor, and a mood-psychosis factor. We then calculated respective polygenic risk scores (PRS) in 336 neonates from the Developing Human Connectome Project. We found that cross-disorder PRSs (neurodevelopmental and mood-psychosis factors) showed significantly broader associations with neonatal brain volumes than disorder-specific PRSs. These associations were highly robust, as confirmed through validation analyses using updated GWAS data and an alternative PRS method (PRS-CS). These cross-disorder PRSs were strongly correlated with smaller global brain size. After accounting for this global effect, associations with a subset of brain regions remained detectable. In exploratory analyses, the neurodevelopmental factor was reproducibly linked to heightened alertness at 18 months. Our results reveal that shared genetic risk for psychiatric disorders manifests as both global and regionally specific variations in brain anatomy at birth, highlighting the value of cross-disorder genetic models for elucidating early neurodevelopmental vulnerability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 6","pages":"e70532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Multimodal Neuroimaging After Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Ana Radanovic, Keith W Jamison, Yeona Kang, Ceren Tozlu, Sudhin A Shah, Amy Kuceyeski","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70534","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70534","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of long-term cognitive impairment, yet the mechanisms underlying recovery remain poorly understood. Neuroimaging methods such as diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) provide insight into micro- and macro-scale changes post-traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the relationships between regional cellular and functional alterations remain unclear. In this exploratory study, we conducted a longitudinal, multimodal neuroimaging analysis quantifying TBI-related pathologies in four biomarkers, namely flumazenil PET derived binding potential, diffusion MRI (dMRI)-derived structural connectivity, and resting-state fMRI-derived functional connectivity and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in individuals with complicated mild-to-severe brain injury at the subacute (4-6 months post-injury) and chronic (1-year post-injury) stages. The TBI sample consisted of 41 fMRI, 40 dMRI, and nine PET subjects, with 16 fMRI and dMRI and seven PET longitudinal measurements. The control sample consisted of 14 dMRI and fMRI and 19 PET subjects scanned at a single time point for comparison with TBI subjects at both time points. Most of the PET and MRI subjects are overlapping in both TBI and control groups. Brain injury related regional pathologies, and their changes over time in TBI subjects, were correlated across the four biomarkers. Our results reveal complex, dynamic changes over time. We found that flumazenil-PET binding potential was significantly reduced in frontal and thalamic regions in brain-injured subjects, consistent with neural loss and dysfunction, with partial recovery over time. Functional hyperconnectivity was observed in brain injured subjects initially but declined while remaining elevated compared to non-injured controls, whereas cortical structural hypoconnectivity persisted. Importantly, we observed that brain injury-related alterations across MRI modalities became more strongly correlated with flumazenil-PET at the chronic stage. Regions with chronic reductions in flumazenil-PET binding also showed weaker structural node strength and lower amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, a relationship that was not found at the subacute stage. This observation could suggest a progressive convergence of structural and functional disruptions with neuronal dysfunction and loss over time. Additionally, regions with declining structural node strength also exhibited decreases in functional node strength, while these same regions showed increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations over time. This pattern suggests that heightened intrinsic regional activity may serve as a compensatory mechanism in regions increasingly disconnected due to progressive axonal degradation. Altogether, these findings advance our understanding of how multimodal neuroimaging captures the evolving interplay between neuronal integrity, structural connectivity, ","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 6","pages":"e70534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13121098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147769889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Neural Processes Underpinning Flexible Semantic Retrieval in Visual and Auditory Modalities.","authors":"Ximing Shao, Meichao Zhang, Xiuyi Wang, Andre Gouws, Rebecca L Jackson, Jonathan Smallwood, Katya Krieger-Redwood, Elizabeth Jefferies","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contemporary accounts of semantic cognition propose that conceptual knowledge is supported by a heteromodal conceptual store and controlled retrieval processes. However, it remains unclear how the neural basis of semantic control varies across modalities. Recent models of cortical organisation suggest that control networks are distributed along a unimodal-to-heteromodal cortical gradient, with the semantic control network (SCN) located in more heteromodal cortex than the domain-general multiple demand network (MDN). We used fMRI to examine how these networks respond to semantic control demands in visual and auditory tasks. Participants judged the semantic relatedness of spoken and written word pairs. On half of the trials, a task cue specified the semantic feature to guide retrieval; on the remaining trials, no such cue was given. The SCN showed greater activation when task knowledge was available, consistent with a role in the top-down control of semantic retrieval across modalities. In contrast, the MDN showed greater activation for spoken words, likely reflecting increased demands in speech perception. These findings demonstrate a dissociation between control networks, with SCN involvement modulated by task structure and MDN activity influenced by perceptual difficulty.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 6","pages":"e70536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147769903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking GABAergic and Dopaminergic Neurotransmission: Effects on Neural Activity During Human Speech Control.","authors":"Giovanni Battistella, Kristina Simonyan","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70531","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decades of research were instrumental in identifying the brain function controlling speech production. However, our understanding of the regulation of neuronal excitability via neurotransmission during speaking remains scant as the role of the inhibitory GABAergic system in controlling speech production is unknown. Using PET with [¹¹C]flumazenil radioligand combined with PET with [¹¹C]raclopride and functional MRI in healthy humans, we investigated the GABAergic neurotransmission and its relationship with dopaminergic function and brain activity during speaking and at the resting state. We demonstrate significant associations between neural activity and GABA_A receptor binding during speaking, with positive associations found in the inferior and superior parietal cortices, inferior frontal gyrus, supplementary motor area, superior temporal gyrus, putamen, and negative associations identified in the left inferior and middle frontal gyri. Neural activity was related to the interaction between the GABAergic neurotransmission and nigrostriatal dopamine release in the left associative caudate nucleus and sensorimotor putamen. Conversely, significant correlations between GABAergic neurotransmission and resting-state activity were limited to the primary visual cortex and the cerebellar lobule VI. These data provide the first direct evidence of the specific interactions of GABAergic and dopaminergic transmission with neural activity controlling the production of speech in healthy humans. Our findings suggest that GABAergic modulation of brain activity is exerted at different stages of speech control, from auditory perception to motor production, whereas dopaminergic function is important for maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition within the speech motor circuitry.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 6","pages":"e70531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13090582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}