Human Brain Mapping最新文献

{"title":"The Emotional Experience of Time: Effects of Anxiety and Interoceptive Ability on Temporal Perception","authors":"Gaia Lapomarda,&nbsp;Alessio Fracasso,&nbsp;Carmen Morawetz,&nbsp;Alessandro Grecucci,&nbsp;David Melcher","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70650","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70650","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our experience of time is deeply shaped by emotional and bodily states. Anxiety is known to distort our temporal perception, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we tested whether interoception links anxiety to variability in timing. Thirty participants underwent fMRI while performing a temporal reproduction task within a modified Threat of Scream paradigm. Safe and Threat blocks alternated, with aversive screams unpredictably delivered during Threat blocks. Screams reliably increased subjective anxiety and engaged salience and limbic regions, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and insula. Despite these affective and neural responses, Threat did not produce systematic changes in temporal accuracy. Instead, individuals with higher interoceptive accuracy tended to preserve reproduction accuracy under elevated anxiety, implicating an interoceptive contribution to anxiety-related variability in timing. At the neural level, reproduction compared with the encoding phase increased activity in sensorimotor and parietal regions, with engagement of the insula, cingulate, and striato-thalamic regions in the Safe context. Under Threat, the same contrast encompassed a more circumscribed set of sensorimotor and parietal regions, and screams robustly recruited a salience–limbic–temporal network relative to both non-emotional tones. Together, these findings suggest that individual differences in interoceptive accuracy may moderate the relationship between anxiety and temporal reproduction, and characterize the neural response to threat during a timing task.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DTI-ALPS Primarily Reflects White Matter Diffusion Dispersion and Microstructural Heterogeneity in Neurodegeneration: Insights From Multi-Modal MRI","authors":"Luca Sacchi,&nbsp;Giovanni Farruggio,&nbsp;Giorgio Bocca,&nbsp;Tiziana Carandini,&nbsp;Milena De Riz,&nbsp;Laura Ghezzi,&nbsp;Manuela Pintus,&nbsp;Anna Pietroboni,&nbsp;Giacomo Boffa,&nbsp;Elisa Scola,&nbsp;Fabio Triulzi,&nbsp;Marco Bozzali,&nbsp;Daniela Galimberti,&nbsp;Mara Cercignani,&nbsp;Andrea Arighi","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70603","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70603","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The glymphatic system facilitates clearance of metabolic waste and pathological proteins from the brain, and its dysfunction has been implicated in neurodegenerative disease. The diffusion tensor imaging–analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) has been proposed as a non-invasive MRI marker of glymphatic flow, although its biological specificity remains uncertain. This study aimed to identify the determinants of DTI-ALPS and evaluate whether it primarily reflects white-matter (WM) microstructure rather than glymphatic flow in the context of neurodegeneration. We examined 100 individuals referred to the Memory Clinic of the Policlinico Hospital in Milan for suspected dementia. All participants underwent a 3T-MRI protocol including 3D-T1-weighted and 3D-FLAIR imaging, double-shell diffusion-weighted imaging (<i>b</i> = 1000/2000 s/mm²), and multi-echo gradient-echo sequences for quantitative susceptibility mapping. Within standard DTI-ALPS ROIs, we extracted DTI-ALPS values together with fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and mode of anisotropy (MA) at both <i>b</i>-values, as well as neurite orientation and density imaging (NODDI) metrics, particularly the orientation dispersion index (ODI). WM microstructure was further characterized using the T1/FLAIR ratio and diamagnetic component of susceptibility (DCS). DTI-ALPS correlated inversely with MA (<i>r</i> = −0.84 at <i>b</i> = 1000; <i>r</i> = −0.86 at <i>b</i> = 2000) and positively with ODI (<i>r</i> = 0.73). Moderate correlations with the T1/FLAIR ratio and DCS supported sensitivity to WM alterations. Factor analysis indicated that DTI-ALPS clustered with MA and ODI rather than forming a distinct factor, suggesting that DTI-ALPS primarily reflects WM diffusion dispersion and heterogeneity rather than glymphatic flow in the context of neurodegeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do You Match What I Match? A Systematic Review of Over 20 Years of the Emotional Face Matching Task Reveals Vast Inconsistencies in Design and Implementation","authors":"Hannah S. Savage,&nbsp;Linda Schlüter,&nbsp;Roberta Russo,&nbsp;Imogen Leaning,&nbsp;Christian F. Beckmann,&nbsp;Andre F. Marquand","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70636","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70636","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We performed a systematic review of over 20 years of literature that implemented a variant of the emotional face matching task (EFMT). We aimed to quantify the heterogeneity in tasks used across studies, and to summarise the regions reported as activated when participants match the target face stimuli, as compared to matching the control stimuli, within and between patients with a mental health diagnosis and unaffected controls. Our results highlight the vast heterogeneity in all aspects of task design and implementation across studies. Our high-level synthesis of brain regions activated broadly confirms the involvement of the amygdala during emotional face matching, but shows that an increase in amygdala activation is inconsistent both within and across mental health conditions. We further highlight increased activation within the cingulate cortex as a transdiagnostic alteration (vs. controls) during emotional face matching. We introduce solutions to address the challenge of heterogeneity, including a standard version of the EFMT and applicable statistical methods, and provide recommendations for the field to progress our understanding of emotional face processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13594551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149016694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Neural Bases of Egocentric Spatial Reference Frame After Right-Hemisphere Stroke: Brain Lesions and Disconnectome Analyses of Subjective Straight Ahead and Longitudinal Body Axis Misperception","authors":"Solène Painchaud,&nbsp;Quentin Duche,&nbsp;Etienne Allart,&nbsp;Stéphanie Leplaideur,&nbsp;Elise Bannier,&nbsp;Isabelle Bonan","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70637","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70637","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spatial cognition impairments have been shown to reduce autonomy, partly due to alterations in the egocentric spatial reference frame. However, little is known about the neural substrates underlying these impairments, particularly in terms of structural connectivity. We aimed to investigate the neural bases of two complementary components of the egocentric spatial reference frame by analysing both lesion locations and probabilities of white matter disconnection. Fifty-seven individuals with right-hemispheric strokes were included. Egocentric spatial representation was assessed using the subjective straight ahead (SSA) and the longitudinal body axis (LBA). Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping and disconnectome analyses using BCBtoolkit were performed to study the relationship between SSA and LBA misperceptions, lesion location, and probabilities of white matter disconnection. SSA and LBA misperceptions were associated with partially dissociable neural patterns. SSA misperception was mainly associated with right parieto-frontal lesions and with an exploratory association involving the posterior corpus callosum. In contrast, LBA misperception was associated with right temporo-occipital lesions and disconnections involving the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus, right cingulum fasciculus, posterior corpus callosum, and right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. These exploratory findings suggest that SSA and LBA misperceptions, although assessed in the same egocentric reference system, rely on distinct neural substrates. SSA may place greater demands on action-oriented spatial processing in extracorporeal space, whereas LBA may rely more strongly on cross-modal integration between an internal body-centred representation of the longitudinal body axis and a visual cue. Assessing both tasks may help improve the characterisation and rehabilitation of spatial cognition impairments after right-hemisphere stroke.</p><p><b>Trial Registration Number and Date of Registration:</b> The original study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Poitiers-France III West No. 051216. The trial was registered before first inclusion (NCT01677091)</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13594566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149016668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DTI-ALPS as a Biomarker of Small Vessel Disease Progression and Amyloid-β in Normal Aging: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study","authors":"Narges Azizi,&nbsp;Hoda Borooghani,&nbsp;Iman Kiani,&nbsp;Zeinab Gharaylou,&nbsp;Dina Seyedi,&nbsp;Kavous Firouznia,&nbsp;Shahriar Kolahi","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70649","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70649","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a leading cause of stroke, vascular cognitive impairment, and functional decline in older adults. Emerging experimental and translational data implicate glymphatic dysfunction in SVD pathogenesis and in vascular amyloid accumulation. The analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index, derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), noninvasively estimates water diffusivity along perivascular pathways and has been proposed as an indirect imaging marker related to glymphatic function. In this study, we aim to determine whether the baseline DTI-ALPS index is associated with baseline SVD burden and subsequent longitudinal changes in SVD markers and amyloid-β deposition in cognitively normal aging. We analyzed 204 cognitively normal participants from the Harvard Aging Brain Study with baseline and follow-up visits separated by 3 years. Primary MRI SVD outcomes were intracranial-volume–normalized white matter hyperintensities (WMH/ICV), and visual SVD ratings (Fazekas, ARWMC, perivascular space, and BOMBS [microbleed scale]). Secondary outcomes included cortical amyloid PET burden (PIB_FS_DVR_FLR). We tested the effects of time, baseline ALPS (&lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt;-scored), and the time-ALPS interaction using Bayesian mixed-effects models with subject-specific random intercepts adjusted for baseline age, sex, and education; amyloid models were additionally adjusted for APOE4 status. Continuous outcomes were modeled with Gaussian mixed-effects models, binary outcomes with Bernoulli mixed-effects models, and ordinal outcomes with Bayesian cumulative mixed-effects models. In a sensitivity analysis, ALPS was recalculated after excluding voxels with &lt;i&gt;λ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;i&gt;λ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; &gt; 1.8, and the models were repeated using the crossing-fiber-adjusted index. Posterior means and 95% HDIs were the primary summaries. Multiplicity was controlled using the Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate procedure, and the resulting FDR-adjusted two-sided posterior tail-area &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-analogues are reported as &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;corrected&lt;/sub&gt;. Over the 3-year follow-up, SVD and amyloid-β burden increased: WMH/ICV (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = 0.096, 95% HDI [0.069, 0.121], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;corrected&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 0.001), cortical amyloid-β (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = 0.130, 95% HDI [0.106, 0.152], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;corrected&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 0.001), Fazekas (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = 0.320, 95% HDI [0.088, 0.541], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;corrected&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.010), ARWMC (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = 0.404, 95% HDI [0.165, 0.649], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;corrected&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.004), basal ganglia (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = 0.318, 95% HDI [0.079, 0.546], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;corrected&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.010), and centrum semiovale (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = 0.244, 95% HDI [0.026, 0.450], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;corrected&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.025). PVS scores also increased over time. Higher baseline ALPS was associated with lower Fazekas severity (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = −0.742, 95% HDI [−1.281, −0.201], &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;corrected&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.026) and with attenuated amyloid accumulation over time (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt; = −0.025, 95% HDI [−0.049","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Collinearity Constrains Multivariate Molecular-Enriched Network Estimation","authors":"Timothy Lawn,&nbsp;Johan Nakuci,&nbsp;Steve C. R. Williams,&nbsp;Federico Turkheimer,&nbsp;Mitul A. Mehta","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70645","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70645","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Analyses of neuroimaging data increasingly leverage the distribution of neurotransmitter receptors derived from positron emission tomography (PET) to bridge the gap between micro- and macro-scale brain function. However, these receptor maps are highly spatially overlapping, which can give rise to interpretive and analytical challenges. Here, we systematically investigate the impact of spatial collinearity among PET maps in the context of Receptor-Enriched Analysis of functional Connectivity by Targets (REACT), a method that uses receptor maps as spatial regressors to derive subject-level molecular-enriched functional connectivity networks. Exhaustive combinatorial analysis across 19 receptor and transporter maps showed that collinearity scales rapidly with the number of receptors modelled simultaneously, and that the underlying correlation structure was relatively stable across parcellation scales, reflecting the intrinsic organisation of neurotransmitter systems. Using test–retest fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project, we demonstrate that modelling greater numbers of receptors degrades the reliability of molecular-enriched networks derived from conventional multivariate REACT models, and that collinearity among receptor maps drives this degradation. An alternative univariate approach, in which each receptor is modelled independently, yielded more reliable networks and, when applied to a within-subjects study of LSD compared to placebo, better recovered the role of the 5-HT_2A receptor in LSD's neural effects. These findings identify spatial collinearity as a fundamental constraint on multivariate molecular-enriched network estimation. We therefore recommend univariate models as the default, with multivariate models used only where specifically motivated and reported alongside the univariate result.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Wavelet-Based Framework for Mapping Long Memory in Resting-State fMRI: Age-Related Changes in the Hippocampus From the ADHD-200 Dataset","authors":"Yasaman Shahhosseini,&nbsp;Cédric Beaulac,&nbsp;Farouk S. Nathoo,&nbsp;Michelle F. Miranda","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70641","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series are known to exhibit long-range temporal dependencies that challenge traditional modeling approaches. In this study, we propose a novel computational pipeline to characterize and interpret these dependencies using a long-memory (LM) framework, which captures the slow, power-law decay of autocorrelation in resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) signals. The pipeline involves voxelwise estimation of LM parameters via a wavelet-based Bayesian method, yielding spatial maps that reflect temporal dependence across the brain. These maps are then projected onto a lower-dimensional space via a composite basis and are then related to individual-level covariates through group-level regression. We applied this framework to the ADHD-200 dataset. Analysis identified a significant positive association between age and the long-memory parameter in the hippocampus after adjusting for ADHD symptom severity and medication status. After accounting for acquisition site, the estimated effect sizes were attenuated and no longer reached statistical significance, although the spatial pattern was largely preserved, with the strongest estimated effects remaining localized to the same anatomical regions. These findings suggest a relationship between long-range temporal dependence and developmental changes in memory-related brain regions while highlighting the influence of acquisition-site variability on effect magnitude and statistical significance. Overall, the proposed methodology enables detailed mapping of intrinsic temporal dynamics in rs-fMRI and offers new insights into the relationship between functional signal memory and brain development.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70641","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical-Network Lesion-Symptom Mapping","authors":"Grant M. Walker,&nbsp;G. Lynn Kurteff,&nbsp;Akbar Hussain,&nbsp;Chris Rorden,&nbsp;Leonardo Bonilha,&nbsp;Julius Fridriksson,&nbsp;Gregory Hickok","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70644","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70644","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Complex datasets used for lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) present serious challenges for interpretable statistical analysis. We introduce Critical Network Lesion-Symptom Mapping (CN-LSM), a neuroanatomical atlas-based method that uses low-dimensional regression models and out-of-sample prediction to identify brain regions that contribute significantly to the prediction of clinical behavioral scores. Rather than focusing on a single most-predictive model, CN-LSM identifies a set of plausible models analyzed as an ensemble. CN-LSM offers three primary advantages over existing approaches: (1) greater robustness to analytical decisions that should be (but often are not) inconsequential to results; (2) holistic quantification of uncertainty across the entire statistical map rather than at individual voxels or regions; and (3) explicit accommodation of multiple plausible explanations, reducing false negatives while preserving stringent control over false positive rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148968139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naturalistic fMRI Language Mapping With Rotation Forest","authors":"Elaine Kuan,&nbsp;Viktor Vegh,&nbsp;John Phamnguyen,&nbsp;Kieran O′Brien,&nbsp;Amanda Hammond,&nbsp;David Reutens","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.70638","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Naturalistic fMRI offers a patient-friendly alternative to task-based language mapping but presents analytical challenges due to complex brain responses. This study presents an automated framework for language mapping using naturalistic fMRI analysed with a Rotation Forest (RotF) classifier. Participants were presented a televised quiz show during fMRI acquisition and completed seven task-based language paradigms, which were used as reference maps. RotF models were trained on voxel-wise time series labelled using task-based activation maps and evaluated on independent participants. Performance was assessed using the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and the language lateralisation indices (LI). RotF generated activation maps demonstrated strong spatial and lateralisation agreement with task-based activation, capturing both receptive and expressive language regions. Data quality, which was assessed through head motion and post-scan questionnaire score, influenced model performance and provided a practical quality control measure. Feature selection identified a short, informative stimulus segment, enabling reliable language mapping with a scan duration of approximately 5 min. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of accurate, efficient and patient-friendly language mapping using naturalistic fMRI combined with machine learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weakening of Subcortical and Strengthening of Cortical Visual Pathways Across Early Adolescence","authors":"Arshiya Sangchooli,&nbsp;Elise G. Rowe,&nbsp;Robert E. Smith,&nbsp;Iroise Dumontheil,&nbsp;Marta I. Garrido","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70626","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70626","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mounting evidence suggests that amygdalar nuclei receive visual information via both a well-characterized cortical pathway through the inferior temporal cortex and a subcortical route through the superior colliculus and pulvinar. This subcortical pathway may facilitate rapid responses to salient visual stimuli and could explain phenomena such as blindsight. However, controversies remain about the organization of the subcortical pathway, its role in visual processing, and how the cortical and subcortical pathways mature across development. To address these questions we used longitudinal, minimally processed multi-shell High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) data from 4361 participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, reconstructing every major segment of the cortical and subcortical amygdala pathways. We tested the existence of the subcortical pathway against null tractography models, characterized cortical and subcortical pathways development across early adolescence, and investigated their association with visual processing speed. Diffusion MRI data provide support for the existence of bilateral pulvinar-amygdala pathways against a null model (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, corrected). While cortical tracts involving the primary and extrastriate visual cortex and the inferior-temporal cortex strengthened with chronological age and over pubertal development, we demonstrate that subcortical pulvinar-amygdala connectivity decreased over pubertal development. Greater connectivity strength of the right pulvinar-amygdala tract was associated with faster responses on a visual task for both emotional face and place stimuli, a relationship also seen for cortical tracts. This study provides supporting evidence for the existence of pulvinar to amygdala tracts in the largest sample of adolescent participants studied to date. Greater connectivity in both cortical and subcortical tracts was associated with faster reaction time on a visual task, but further work will be needed to investigate the specificity of this association in terms of both task and tract. In line with the hypothesized importance of the subcortical pathway in early development, we show that the developmental trajectories of cortical and subcortical pathways diverge and highlight the influence of pubertal development, with cortical pathways generally strengthening and subcortical pathways weakening across early adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"47 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13550882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}