Human Brain Mapping最新文献

{"title":"Multimodal Neuroimaging-Guided Stratification in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Reveals Three Disease Subtypes: A Multi-Cohort Analysis","authors":"Tobias R. Baumeister,&nbsp;Henk-Jan Westeneng,&nbsp;Leonard van den Berg,&nbsp;Canadian ALS Neuroimaging Consortium (CALSNIC),&nbsp;Sanjay Kalra,&nbsp;Yasser Iturria-Medina","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70341","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70341","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multisystem disease with marked pathophysiological and clinical heterogeneity, making individual and objective characterization of the degree of disease progression and disease-related subtrajectories challenging. Here, we use in vivo multimodal neuroimaging data and computational models to generate personalized indices of ALS progression and subtrajectory. We used structural and diffusion weighted imaging of 691 participants (58% ALS) from two independent ALS data sets (North American and Utrecht cohorts) to extract regional values of grey matter (DM) density and white matter (WM) microstructural integrity. Contrastive trajectory inference (cTI) allowed us to identify and separate latent, multivariate patterns in neuroimaging features highlighting ALS-associated pathological processes, which were used to generate subject-specific indices of disease progression and subtrajectory. Disease subtrajectories were based on distinct patterns of alterations in neuroimaging data considering subjects at different disease progression levels. The neuroimaging-based, personalized index of disease progression is indicative of clinical symptom severity (North American: <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01 and Utrecht: <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and displays alignment with the King's College staging system (<i>p</i> = 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.002). Three ALS subtrajectories were identified that displayed distinct alterations in the motor, limbic system, and widespread cortical and subcortical changes that also differed in clinical symptom manifestation. Our analysis has shown that neuroimaging data encodes subject-specific, disease-related patterns that can be leveraged to obtain an in vivo proxy of disease progression and putative disease subtype.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexibility of Brain Networks May Curtail Cognitive Consequences of Poor Sleep","authors":"Xiaojue Zhou,&nbsp;Nina Lauharatanahirun,&nbsp;Steven M. Thurman,&nbsp;Jean M. Vettel,&nbsp;Barry Giesbrecht,&nbsp;Scott Grafton,&nbsp;James C. Elliott,&nbsp;Vernon J. Lawhern,&nbsp;Erin Flynn-Evans,&nbsp;Emily Falk,&nbsp;Javier O. Garcia,&nbsp;Kanika Bansal","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70362","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70362","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous research has shown that laboratory-controlled sleep deprivation leads to cognitive impairments, including low vigilance and deficits in working memory. However, the robustness of sleep effects on behavior and brain dynamics in naturalistic settings remains underexplored. In this study, we investigated the impact of naturalistic, unfettered variations in sleep on behavioral performance and brain network dynamics in 39 healthy adults. Using a dynamic networks approach combined with ordinal regression, we show a significant increase in flexibility, a measure of rapid reconfigurations within the brain modules, with decreasing sleep time, particularly in the fronto-parietal control network, during a psychomotor vigilance (PVT) and visual working memory (VWM) task. This change in network flexibility was not observed during the resting state. Critically, performance itself did not change as a function of sleep, providing preliminary evidence that brain networks may compensate for having a poor night's sleep by recruiting the necessary resources to complete the task. Additional analysis assessing the regularity of sleep indicates a wider change in flexibility during PVT for irregular sleepers in networks including the limbic system, ventral attention network, and somatomotor system. These results provide new insights into the neural and behavioral correlates of naturalistic sleep modulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Alpha Connectivity Patterns During Response Inhibition in Alcohol Use Disorder","authors":"Filippo Ghin,&nbsp;Nasibeh Talebi,&nbsp;Ann-Kathrin Stock,&nbsp;Christian Beste","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70338","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70338","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic condition characterized by the inability to control drinking despite experiencing harmful consequences. However, the extent to which excessive alcohol consumption alters the dynamics within the inhibitory control network remains unclear. This study investigates the neurophysiological mechanisms of directed connectivity in alpha and theta frequency bands between cortical regions involved in the interplay between automated and controlled processes during inhibitory control in individuals with mild to moderate AUD. The results indicate that individuals with AUD and healthy controls engage different connectivity networks and direct information transfer mechanisms during response inhibition, especially based on the automaticity of the response contexts. When faced with high demands for inhibitory control, the AUD group exhibits significant differences in directional alpha connectivity in key brain regions associated with the inhibition control network. Additionally, when processing conflicting stimulus information, the AUD group shows enhanced connectivity from the medial prefrontal cortex to early visual processing areas. This highlights an alpha modulatory mechanism that effectively suppresses irrelevant perceptual information. In contrast to alpha, theta seems to play a lesser role in the response inhibition functions of individuals with AUD, as only healthy controls show dynamic neural communication between the prefrontal, temporal, and medial posterior regions. Overall, the study suggests that individuals with AUD engage in a dynamic transfer of information within the alpha frequency band across distinct neural networks depending on the response context during inhibitory control. This might be particularly relevant for understanding the altered inhibitory control associated with this disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wavelet Analysis of Dual-fMRI-Hyperscanning Reveals Cooperation and Communication Dependent Effects on Interbrain Neuronal Coherence","authors":"Rik Sijben,&nbsp;Robert Friedmann,&nbsp;Lucia Hernandez-Pena,&nbsp;Rea Rodriguez-Raecke","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70355","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70355","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hyperscanning has allowed neuroscience to expand investigations into neuronal activation during social interactions. Rather than analyzing how a single brain responds, we can compare interactions and even synchronization between multiple actors in varying situations. This technique is commonly employed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Specifically, social cooperation and competition have been thoroughly investigated using this approach. While functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based hyperscanning is becoming more prevalent, a link to this fNIRS-based foundation is missing. We here use a dual-fMRI-hyperscanning setup and an established task to investigate neuronal coherence during social cooperative and competitive tasks. Wavelet transform coherence (WTC) allows us to explore task-specific frequency bands of interest of nonstationary neuronal activation signals of paired participants (<i>n</i> = 60). We show that cooperation, compared to a control task, increases interbrain neuronal coherence in regions associated with social interaction and the theory of mind (ToM) network. Verbal communication prior to the task expands this coherence to different regions of this network, including middle and superior temporal gyrus. This spatial shift suggests additional implementations of the ToM network depending on the cooperation approach taken by the participants. Our findings both support and expand on results by previous fNIRS-based studies and show that WTC is an effective way to model fMRI-based neuronal synchronization, thereby closing the gap between two popular hyperscanning methodologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Brain Network Dynamics in Schizophrenia Patients With Predominant Negative Symptoms: A Resting-State fMRI Study Using Co-Activation Pattern Analysis","authors":"Xingsong Wang,&nbsp;Yao Zhang,&nbsp;Pei-juan Wang,&nbsp;Qi Yan,&nbsp;Xiao-xiao Wang,&nbsp;Hai-su Wu,&nbsp;Shuai-biao Li,&nbsp;Min-yi Chu,&nbsp;Yi Wang,&nbsp;Simon S. Y. Lui,&nbsp;Qin-yu Lv,&nbsp;Li Kong,&nbsp;Zheng-hui Yi,&nbsp;Raymond C. K. Chan","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70369","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70369","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Negative symptoms remain a major therapeutic challenge in schizophrenia, significantly impacting functional outcomes, yet their underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. Traditional static functional connectivity analyses, which examine average correlations over time, may overlook critical temporal features of brain network organization and fail to capture dynamic shifts in connectivity patterns. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), particularly when analyzed using co-activation pattern analysis (CAP), provides a framework to study these dynamic network changes with greater temporal resolution. Using CAP analysis of rs-fMRI data, we investigated brain network dynamics in 31 schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms, 31 patients without predominant negative symptoms, and 34 healthy controls. Eight distinct brain states were identified, characterized by antagonistic relationships between sensorimotor, default mode, and salience networks. Compared to healthy controls, the overall schizophrenia group showed altered temporal characteristics, including a reduced occurrence of a sensorimotor-dominant state and excessive transitions from this state to a control-salience network state. Notably, patients with predominant negative symptoms demonstrated distinct temporal characteristics, including reduced dwell time in sensorimotor-salience states and excessive transitions from sensorimotor to control-salience network states. In contrast, patients without predominant negative symptoms did not exhibit such excessive state transitions, while their symptom severity correlated with the occurrence of a cognitive-sensorimotor network state. Network alterations significantly correlated with symptom severity in both the overall schizophrenia group and the subgroup without predominant negative symptoms, while no significant correlations were observed in patients with predominant negative symptoms. These findings suggest that predominant negative symptoms are associated with stable trait-like network reorganization characterized by excessive state transitions rather than state-dependent dysregulation, providing potential neuroimaging markers for clinical assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hbm.70369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty, Cognitive Control and Theta-Band Activity: A Relationship That Depends on Metacontrol Requirements","authors":"Seema Prasad,&nbsp;Nasibeh Talebi,&nbsp;Paul Wendiggensen,&nbsp;Moritz Mückschel,&nbsp;Bernhard Hommel,&nbsp;Christian Beste","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70333","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70333","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cognitive control is assumed to be intricately linked to theta band activity. Situations that involve high uncertainty are said to trigger a need for cognitive control, which is reflected in greater theta activity. We examined whether theta band activity is similarly implicated in cognitive control processes when uncertainty is likely to trigger curiosity—a motivational state that makes people explore their environment. We investigated this in a sample of <i>N</i> = 41 healthy human adults by manipulating target-related uncertainty in a Posner cueing task. Time–frequency and beamforming approaches were applied to analyse the oscillatory dynamics and their sources. Effective connectivity analysis was done to examine how information transfer is modulated by uncertainty. Behavioural results showed greater sensitivity to task-irrelevant cues under high uncertainty. Importantly, there was no theta band activity in the posterior cingulate cortex under high compared to low uncertainty. Effective connectivity analyses also showed weaker connections between inferior parietal lobule and posterior parietal cortex under high uncertainty. Alpha band activity in the temporo-parietal junction under high uncertainty indicated an effect of uncertainty on early attentional filtering. These results indicate that high uncertainty is not always associated with increased theta band activity. We discuss possible explanations of this finding including that uncertainty may trigger different (meta) control policies which could be associated with distinct oscillatory dynamics. These findings have implications towards our understanding of ‘need for control’ and the situations that trigger it.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI Model Integrating Imaging and Clinical Data for Predicting CSF Diversion in Neonatal Hydrocephalus: A Preliminary Study","authors":"Yuwei Dai,&nbsp;Zhusi Zhong,&nbsp;Yan Qin,&nbsp;Yuli Wang,&nbsp;Guangdi Yu,&nbsp;Andrew Kobets,&nbsp;David W. Swenson,&nbsp;Jerrold L. Boxerman,&nbsp;Gang Li,&nbsp;Shenandoah Robinson,&nbsp;Harrison Bai,&nbsp;Li Yang,&nbsp;Weihua Liao,&nbsp;Zhicheng Jiao","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70363","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70363","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Predictive tools for stratifying neonatal hydrocephalus into low- and high-risk groups for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion are currently lacking. We developed and validated an artificial intelligence (AI) model that integrates multimodal imaging and clinical data to predict CSF diversion needs. The development cohort included 116 neonates with suspicion of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) from a Chinese tertiary referral hospital (80 with intracranial pressure &gt; 80 mm H₂O, 36 with intracranial pressure ≤ 80 mm H₂O). The external validation cohort consisted of 21 neonates with hydrocephalus from an American medical center, categorized by etiology: prenatal myelomeningocele (MMC) closure (<i>n</i> = 5), postnatal MMC closure (<i>n</i> = 6), and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) (<i>n</i> = 10). Inclusion criteria required available MRI and complete clinical follow-up to confirm CSF diversion outcomes. The primary outcome was the need for CSF diversion. Model performance was assessed using under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. The hybrid AI model achieved an AUC of 0.824 in the development cohort in predicting raised ICP, outperforming both the clinical-only model (AUC 0.528, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and the image-only model (AUC 0.685, <i>p</i> = 0.007). In the external validation cohort, the fused MRI-based model achieved an AUC of 0.808. The model correctly predicted CSF diversion in 4/5 prenatal MMC, 4/6 postnatal MMC, and 9/10 PHH cases. The AI model demonstrated robust performance in predicting the need for CSF diversion, particularly in PHH cases, and has the potential to assist decision-making, especially in settings with limited pediatric neurosurgical expertise. Future work should focus on further refining model performance for complex etiologies such as MMC-associated hydrocephalus.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical Morphology and Morphometric Similarity Network Topology Alterations in Preterm Neonates: Insights From an East Asian Cohort","authors":"Ting Peng,&nbsp;Jiaqi Li,&nbsp;Miaoshuang Liu,&nbsp;Ying Lin,&nbsp;Xin Xu,&nbsp;Chunjie Jiang,&nbsp;Xianghui Huang,&nbsp;Tianli Tao,&nbsp;Xinyi Cai,&nbsp;Yajuan Zhang,&nbsp;Lin Zhang,&nbsp;Mingwen Yang,&nbsp;Zuozhen Lan,&nbsp;Wenhao Zhou,&nbsp;Han Zhang,&nbsp;Jungang Liu,&nbsp;Guoqiang Cheng,&nbsp;Deyi Zhuang","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70361","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70361","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The early postnatal period is critical for cortical development, with prematurity disrupting neurodevelopmental trajectories and increasing long-term vulnerability. However, cortical morphological and morphometric similarity network (MSN) research in East Asian preterm neonates is limited. Using structural MRI in 159 Chinese neonates (109 preterm [median GA at birth: 34.6 weeks], 50 term [median GA at birth: 38.8 weeks]) scanned at near-term equivalent PMA (36–42 weeks), we analyzed cortical morphometry and constructed individualized MSNs. Compared to term neonates, preterm neonates exhibited significant region-specific morphological alterations: reduced surface area in the left precuneus and supramarginal gyrus, decreased mean curvature in the left inferior parietal, parahippocampal, and right superior temporal cortices, and increased cortical thickness in the right caudal middle frontal gyrus (FDR-corrected <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Within preterm neonates, surface area and gray matter volume showed widespread positive correlations with PMA at scan (FDR-corrected <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 in multiple regions). Regional MSN analysis revealed significantly increased morphometric similarity in the right medial orbitofrontal cortex (FDR-corrected <i>p</i> = 0.026). Although global MSN topology showed no statistically significant group differences, preterm neonates displayed trends suggesting reduced MSN-based integration and segregation, reflecting less coordinated cortical morphological patterns across distant and local regions. Within the preterm group, developmental analysis indicated progressive trends toward enhanced global MSN integration and segregation with increasing PMA, alongside a significant decrease in betweenness centrality within the right precuneus (Spearman's <i>ρ</i> = −0.337). This study comprehensively characterizes cortical morphology and MSN development in East Asian preterm neonates, identifying region-specific disruptions and dynamic postnatal cortical morphological and network maturation trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural Changes in Aging Hippocampal Pathways: Insights From the HCP-Aging Diffusion MRI Study","authors":"Huize Pang,&nbsp;Zhe Sun,&nbsp;Zifei Liang,&nbsp;Chenyang Li,&nbsp;Jiangyang Zhang,&nbsp;Yulin Ge","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70321","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70321","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease is well-documented, research on microstructural integrity of hippocampal pathways to selected cortical regions in healthy aging populations remains limited. Four hundred seventy-five healthy individuals aged 36–90 from the Human Connectome Project Aging (HCP-A) dataset were analyzed. Hippocampal fiber pathways, including the “Papez,” “Prefrontal,” “Occipital,” and “Parietal” pathways, were extracted from whole-brain tractography and characterized by fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), neurite density index (NDI), and orientation distribution index (ODI). Partial linear and quadratic nonlinear correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between age, cognition, and diffusion metrics, adjusted by hippocampus volumes. While FA, MD, and ODI demonstrated linear age-related changes, NDI exhibited a quadratic pattern. MD was identified as the most age-sensitive parameter. Among all pathways, the “Prefrontal” pathway showed the most pronounced microstructural changes in both males and females, characterized by reduced FA and NDI and increased MD and ODI with age (FA: <i>r</i> = −0.31 to −0.40; NDI: <i>r</i>² = 0.30–0.31; MD/ODI: <i>r</i> = 0.23–0.48; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Similar changes were observed in the “Occipital” pathway (FA: <i>r</i> = −0.28 to −0.39; MD/ODI: <i>r</i> = 0.32–0.50; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), with NDI reduction present only in females (<i>r</i>² = 0.18, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). In the “Parietal” pathway, changes were detected only in females, with lower FA (<i>r</i> = −0.29, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and higher ODI (<i>r</i> = 0.24, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Additionally, age-related cognitive decline was significantly associated with microstructural changes in the “Occipital” (FA: <i>r</i> = 0.29; MD: <i>r</i> = −0.28; ODI: <i>r</i> = −0.25; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and “Prefrontal” pathways (FA: <i>r</i> = 0.27; MD: <i>r</i> = −0.25; NDI: <i>r</i> = 0.25; ODI: <i>r</i> = −0.22; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) in females. This study revealed age- and cognition-related changes in hippocampal pathways across the adult lifespan. These findings provide normative references for hippocampal-cortical connectivity changes associated with healthy aging and its potential relevance to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Segmentation of Deep Grey Nuclei From Structural MRI Data","authors":"Manojkumar Saranathan,&nbsp;Giuseppina Cogliandro,&nbsp;Thomas Hicks,&nbsp;Dianne Patterson,&nbsp;Behroze Vachha,&nbsp;Asma Hader,&nbsp;Mohammed Salman Shazeeb,&nbsp;Alberto Cacciola","doi":"10.1002/hbm.70350","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hbm.70350","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is a lack of tools for comprehensive and complete segmentation of deep grey nuclei using a <i>single</i> software for reproducibility and repeatability. We present a fast, accurate, and robust method for segmentation of deep grey nuclei (thalamic nuclei, basal ganglia, amygdala, claustrum, and red nucleus) from structural T₁ MRI data at conventional field strengths. We leveraged the improved contrast of white-matter-nulled imaging by using the recently proposed Histogram-based Polynomial Synthesis (HIPS) to synthesize white-matter nulled images from standard T₁ and then use a multi-atlas segmentation with joint label fusion to segment deep grey nuclei. The method worked robustly on all field strengths (1.5/3/7T) and Dice coefficients ≥ 0.7 were achieved for all structures compared against manual segmentation ground truth. In conclusion, this method facilitates careful investigation of deep grey nuclei by enabling the use of conventional T₁ data from large public databases, which has not been possible hitherto due to lack of robust reproducible segmentation tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":13019,"journal":{"name":"Human Brain Mapping","volume":"46 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}