{"title":"The Effect of Brand Consciousness and Value Consciousness on Brand Loyalty: The Moderator Role of Gender","authors":"Şahin Ekber, Kenane Piriyeva","doi":"10.36880/c14.02702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02702","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of brand consciousness and value consciousness on brand loyalty and the moderator role of gender on this effect. The data were collected using the survey method. Individuals over the age of 18 participated in the study. In total, 247 questionnaires were collected. A convenience sampling method was used. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 24 and AMOS 23 programs. Reliability analysis, factor analysis, and structural equation model analysis were used in the research. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that brand consciousness and value consciousness have a significant and positive effect on brand loyalty. This effect differs according to gender groups. It is thought that this study will help people who do research in the academic field, as well as businesses that want to create brand loyalty.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"539 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124263307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Covid-19 on Consumer Behavior of the Population in the Digital Era","authors":"Farhad Rahmanov, E. Suleymanov, Narmin Alakbarova","doi":"10.36880/c14.02618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02618","url":null,"abstract":"This article demonstrates the results of comparative and analytic analysis of the variations in consumer behavior in the digital period during the Covid-19 pandemic. Through Google Trends, the dynamics of trends that change consumer demand in research categories have been investigated. This practical study was conducted and used based on the analysis of consumer behavior changes and advantages in the tendency of tourism and recreation in the sociological survey conducted among citizens of Azerbaijan Republic in order to study the potential effect of the COVID pandemic on the tourism sector. Based on the results of the research, the more intensive use of digital tools, which creates challenges for the progress of marketing in the digital environment and results from them, is growing incredibly fast after the COVID 19 pandemic and remains at the same high level of demand even after the easing of restrictive measures. Based on the results, an algorithm for establishing relationships with consumers in the digital era and increasing their stability level is offered. The outputs of this paper take advantage of the implementation of marketing objectives of various levels of business structures, policy makers, government representatives. The object of this paper is to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumer behavior of the population in the digital era in the Republic of Azerbaijan.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116876704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hatıra Sadeghzadeh Emsen, Z. C. Yurttançıkmaz, Murat Süslü, Ö. S. Emsen
{"title":"Foreign Debt and Exchange Relations: Examinations on Turkey for the Period Between 1998-2021","authors":"Hatıra Sadeghzadeh Emsen, Z. C. Yurttançıkmaz, Murat Süslü, Ö. S. Emsen","doi":"10.36880/c14.02697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02697","url":null,"abstract":"The favor of domestic and foreign elements is an important factor in the rise of the stock market index, and in this context, it is expected that foreign capital coming to the country will play a role in increasing the stock market. Foreign capital investments, which come to the stock market in particular and to the country in general for investment purposes, lead to the concept of debt burden after a while and may cause that country to be considered risky. Problems in foreign debt and its solvency make the country risky, and when such a situation arises, it is possible that the country's stock market will be adversely affected. In other words, the hypothesis that foreign capital inflows affect the stock market positively up to a certain level and that it will affect the stock market negatively after a certain level is exceeded has been the subject of examination in the Turkish economy. For the period between 1998:1Q-2021:4Q, stock market and debt data were subjected to time series analysis. Since the series were stationary at the first difference, FMOLS regression analyzes were performed in order to clearly reveal the relationships between the variables considered. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the stock market index was positively affected by the increases in debt up to a certain level; However, when a certain debt threshold level is exceeded, it has been determined that debt negatively affects the stock market.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124735601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recovery of Eurasian Tourism from Multiple Component Dysfunction Syndrome","authors":"Ayça Oralkan","doi":"10.36880/c14.02686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02686","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism has been an essential sector for the Eurasian economy in recent decades and is anticipated to get recovered at least gradually in 2022. In order for international travel esteem to reach pre-pandemic levels, it is necessary to regain the trust of potential tourists with practices aligned with new safety and hygiene standards. On the other hand, the ongoing conflict in Ukraine nurtures the oil and gas crisis in the Eurasian countries. Uncertainty in the global economic environment, which is another critical component of international tourism, builds a tendency to avoid purchasing decisions in consumer behavior. The aim of this paper is to determine the appropriate approaches based on the effective factors in the recovery process of tourism.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122558184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Productivity and Profitability Gains of the Top Turkish Industrial Enterprises from the Global Value Chains Participation","authors":"Abdullah Altun, Taner Turan, H. Yanıkkaya","doi":"10.36880/c14.02655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02655","url":null,"abstract":"We first calculate the global value chains (GVCs) participation indices from the Full Eora data of the Eora Global Supply Chain Database by employing advanced calculations methodologies. Then, we examine the productivity and profitability effects of various GVC participation measures by using the dataset on top 1000 Turkish industrial enterprises. We use OLS and fixed effects estimates in our analysis. We actually utilize the weighted OLS and fixed effects estimations to cope with the variation in the firm size. Our estimations indicate that while backward GVC participation lowers both labor productivity and profitability growth, forward GVC participation promotes both. Moreover, simple and complex backward participation have similarly negative effects on productivity and profitability growth, simple and complex forward participation have the completely opposite effects though. We then provide substantial evidence for the differing effects of participation on productivity and profitability growth between pre-crisis and post-crisis periods.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116361300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Public-Private Partnership and Risk Management in Healthcare System","authors":"Damira Japarova","doi":"10.36880/c14.02612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02612","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of financial resources in public health organizations of the Kyrgyz Republic requires the involvement of private sources of funding. Private sector involvement can take place in the construction and operation of hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and other health facilities. A prerequisite for public-private partnership is the joint financing of projects. At the same time, possible risks are shared between project participants. One of the risks is the risk associated with the unpredictability of demand for services. The emergence of partnerships that provide high-quality medical services requires a preliminary identification of risks and their effective distribution among the participants in a public-private partnership. The next type of risk is determined by such economic factors as changes in bank interest rates on loans, exchange rates, inflation rates, tax rates, which ultimately can limit the amount of credit resources and, accordingly, expected income. Risk management in a public-private partnership involves the definition of risks as expected losses associated with an increase in costs not provided for in the project, as well as a discrepancy between the expected financial results planned in the forecasts of the public-private partnership. The paper gives a description of the types of risk, the principles of their prediction and prevention.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114731705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of The Environmental Interest Levels of University Students: Adana Example","authors":"Gulsen Kiral, Hande Şahin","doi":"10.36880/c14.02630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02630","url":null,"abstract":"Although the seriousness of environmental problems has been revealed by many researchers, the steps towards solution are not enough. It is very important to select the students as the target audience for measuring the perception and awareness levels of the university students, who are the future decision makers, about the environment, and also for the steps to be taken to solve the problems. \u0000 In this study, it was aimed to measure the level of interest of university students towards the environment with explanatory variables such as behavior, attitude, awareness, participation, risk, self-sacrifice, responsibility towards the environment using questionnaires, and it was compared with the help of socio-demographic variables (gender and income). The study group consists of 649 students between the ages of 18-24 studying at the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences of Çukurova University. \u0000According to the findings of the study, the variables of gender, income, risk, responsibility and participation did not affect the level of interest towards the environment; It was found that the variables of awareness, altruism and deduction from the standard of living for the environment affect the level of concern for the environment. The majority of the students argued that measures should be taken against environmental pollution. As a result, although most of the findings are a glimmer of hope for the future, it is suggested that more information and education should be given to young people about the environment. \u0000","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121864506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conflict Backdrop between Partners in Companies: The Comparison of Businessmen in Turkey and Turkish Businessmen in Germany","authors":"Ergül Tanrıverdi, Ayşe İrmiş","doi":"10.36880/c14.02635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02635","url":null,"abstract":"Partnership in businesses is a system of turning synergy into benefit, which is created by combining the assets and capabilities they have for the same purpose, so that two or more people can do their best. The existence of interests constitutes the basis of conflict between partners. The purpose of this study is to study conflict resources with partners of Turkish businessmen and Turkish businessmen in Germany, and to compare them between the two groups, which may have potential to live or live. Qualitative research was used in the study and interviews were conducted with 10 Turkish businessmen who partnered in Turkey and 10 Turkish businessmen who partnered in Germany. The interviews with the voice recorder were written by researchers, and then the content analysis was performed. As a result of the analysis of the data, the sources of conflict highlighted by the participants of both groups are shaped in four groups as conflicts, “caused by culture”, “caused by communication”, “caused by the management of employees” and “caused by the differences of the objectives of the partners”. It has been concluded that the businessmen who have partnered in Turkey use more open communication in the conflict with their partners in Germany, accept differences as wealth, and turn conflict into the benefit of the partnership.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115559476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Globalization, Road and Belt Project and Expected Results","authors":"Serhat Hışırlı, Z. Karaçor, Emine Fırat","doi":"10.36880/c14.02653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02653","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important occupations for human beings since the day they existed has been to provide the necessary nutrients to sustain their life. As time progressed in this production activity, with the increase in division of labor and specialization, with the development of barter economy and trade, the importance of trade routes increased. One of the most important of trade routes is the 'Silk Road'. Today it wants to be revived and carried forward mainly by rail. There are 69 countries and international organizations that started to be mentioned in 2013 under the leadership of China and have signed projects as of today. It is planned to reach 2049. \u0000 In our study, the amount of imports from China of 12 important countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Iran, India, Turkey, Egypt, Ukraine, Russia, Hungary, Poland) that cooperated in the project between 2000 and 2017 gross domestic product ratios), foreign direct investment from China (ratio of incoming foreign direct investment) and debts to China (ratio to the country's gross domestic product) will be examined. As a result of these examinations, the possible harm and benefits of the Road-Belt project to the world economy will be tried to be determined. Policies to be implemented in the Road-Belt project will be proposed in order for world trade to operate in a win-win manner. Again, what needs to be done for the project to contribute to world peace will be presented as a proposal in connection with the world conjuncture. \u0000","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128436708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determinants of Foreign Direct Capital Investments and Real Exchange Rate Relationship: The Case of Turkey","authors":"H. Bal, Koray Yıldırım, Berk Palandökenlier","doi":"10.36880/c14.02644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02644","url":null,"abstract":"While the effect of capital movements on exchange rates is a widely accepted relationship in the relevant literature, there are also findings suggesting that reverse relationships may be valid. Especially in the analysis of the determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), this issue has started to be discussed more in the literature. In this study, the causality relations between exchange rates and FDI are analyzed within the scope of Turkey example with data covering the period 2005-2021. Causality relationships between variables were investigated by Hatemi-J (2012) asymmetric causality test. The data used for empirical analysis were obtained from the CBRT-EVDS database. According to the findings obtained from the asymmetric causality test, while the causality relationship from real effective exchange rate to FDI was determined, causality relationship from FDI to real effective exchange rate could not be determined. In terms of the results obtained, it is thought that internal dynamics may be more effective on the basis of this exceptional process between the real exchange rate and FDI in the Turkish economy. While the instability in the value of the currency makes it difficult to make long-term investment decisions such as FDI, it also causes the investment volume to decrease. As a matter of fact, in the relevant literature, the importance of institutional factors is frequently emphasized among the determinants of FDI for Turkey. Therefore, it is seen that Turkey's ability to establish a stable national currency is one of the prerequisites for attracting more FDI and it should increase its steps to strengthen institutional factors.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128775443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}