{"title":"Factors Barring the Internationalization of Small and Medium Enterprises","authors":"Vafa Sabirli","doi":"10.36880/c14.02711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02711","url":null,"abstract":"The internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has been growing worldwide over the past decade. For the internationalization of SMEs, a suitable function must be found to manage and control export operations. Undoubtedly, the initial goals of the SME management teams are that the capabilities of the management team and the characteristics of the company level are sufficient for internationalization to ensure the growth and profitability of the company. Looking at small and medium-sized enterprises, it is clear that some are looking for opportunities to expand in the international arena, while others are not. As a result of the theoretical researches, it has been seen that SMEs generally open up to international markets in order to increase their market share, increase their profitability and gain new customers. Lack of working capital, lack of information, lack of qualified personnel are among the main obstacles.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126691451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic Development of Kyrgyzstan in the Eurasian Economic Union: New Development Opportunities","authors":"Asel Dzhailova","doi":"10.36880/c14.02632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02632","url":null,"abstract":"The main directions of development of economic integration and transformation of the national economy in the Eurasian Economic Union are considered. A comparative assessment of the main results of the macroeconomic development of Kyrgyzstan in the context of deepening integration processes, as well as in the post-pandemic period, is presented. Positive structural shifts in the development of the national economy and trade and economic cooperation have been identified. The factors of unbalanced development of the national economy, its low innovative level is determined. The factors of accelerated development of priority sectors of industrial and agricultural production, their transition to cluster principles of development based on the development of cooperation and integration ties are substantiated. The directions for the effective use of the economic potential and competitive development of Kyrgyzstan in the context of deepening integration are determined. Measures are proposed for the development of a green economy in priority sectors, the formation of large trade and logistics and tourism and recreational clusters.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127007832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Small and Medium Enterprise-oriented Reforms in Azerbaijan on their Economic Performance","authors":"Famil Majidli","doi":"10.36880/c14.02707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02707","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main economic factors supporting the economies of the modern world is small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and in recent years the Azerbaijani government, which aims to minimize dependence on oil, is implementing reforms to support SME sector. The Small and Medium Business Development Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan, established in 2017, is a clear example of this approach. The purpose of this article is to conduct a descriptive analysis of the impact of SME-supporting economic reforms on the economic performance of SMEs. The article analyzes the changes and trends in the macroeconomic indicators of SMEs in 2006-2019 based on the data of the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and examines the impact of SME reforms on SMEs, especially after 2016. The figures suggest that the reforms have positive effects and there are growing trends in terms of both value added and employment created by SMEs. Despite these positive results, the share of SMEs in the GDP and in employment of Azerbaijan is still low compared to developed countries.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128761520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Logistics Performance Between Turkic Republics and Turkey","authors":"Salim Üre, Çağatay Karaköy, Zekai Özdemir","doi":"10.36880/c14.02654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02654","url":null,"abstract":"Economic growth is an important concept that countries focus on and try to achieve by applying various strategies. Because a growing economy increases the welfare level of the people and enables countries to consolidate their existence. For this reason, many countries around the world are trying to develop their foreign trade activities, which is one of the most important driving forces of growth. In foreign trade, it is important that the movements of these products in the supply chain are carried out effectively and efficiently as much as the products produced. An effectively executed logistics system helps to reduce costs, increase efficiency, and gain competitive advantage. In other words, logistics, while providing the sectoral connection within the national economy, is the whole of the activities that connect the country's economy to the global economy, in other words, it is extremely necessary for the execution of foreign trade. A number of factors can affect the efficiency of logistics, including infrastructure, technology, and the regulatory environment. In our study, it is aimed to evaluate the competencies of Turkey and Turkic Republics, which have a common language, race, culture, and tradition, in the field of logistics and to reveal the relationship between logistics competency and economic growth. The logistics competence of the countries is represented by the Logistics Performance Index published by the World Bank. In addition, macroeconomic data consisting of GDP per capita, foreign trade and growth of these countries were obtained from the World Bank and compared between countries.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121886459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Development of Tourism in Kyrgyzstan","authors":"A. Kamalova","doi":"10.36880/c14.02669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02669","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the impact of Covid-19 on the development of the tourism industry of the Kyrgyz Republic. In accordance with the purpose of the research the theoretical issues of the tourism market are studied, the problems of tourism development in the post-covid period are identified, the analysis of the main economic indicators of the tourism industry is made, and at the end recommendations for eliminating the impact of the pandemic on the development of the tourism industry of the country are offered. The Kyrgyz Republic, like other countries of the world, faced Covid-19 in 2020, which affected the development of the economy in general - the tourism industry in particular. Especially external tourism suffered: according to the statistical committee of the republic in 2020 the inflow of tourists to the country decreased by 74% compared to 2019, the share of the tourism industry in GDP decreased several times. The closure of the borders of the republic, the announcement of curfews in many cities of the country and other restrictions related to the pandemic led to a record reduction in the flow of tourists into the country. Major travel agencies were closed. Under such conditions, the effects of the pandemic persist to this day. Therefore, in this article we will try to find more effective ways out of this crisis and give some suggestions for further stabilization of the situation in the market of tourist services in Kyrgyzstan.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116535465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Organizational Change Management Practices on Organizational Productivity: Case of a Private Health Institution","authors":"G. Tamer, Binnur Gürül","doi":"10.36880/c14.02629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02629","url":null,"abstract":"Change management practices are one of the most common methods used by health organizations today. By this method, while organizations adapting to the technological change, they can also find the most appropriate service potential under competitive conditions. At the same time, employees’ commitment to work is ensured by increasing the employee motivation and performance, and in turn, the productivity in organizations is increased. In today's technological conditions, organizations should make change management practices and quality standards competitive in order to ensure their corporate sustainability. In this study, change management practices in a private health institution and their impacts on different organizations were investigated. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that change management practices are an effective variable on productivity, employee motivation, organizational commitment, technology and competitive conditions.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121076848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Foreign Direct Investments on Unemployment: The Case of Turkey","authors":"Ali Talih Süt, Özge Yüksel","doi":"10.36880/c14.02691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02691","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies in the literature focus the positive contribution of foreign direct investments, especially in the economic growth process of developing countries' economies. However, there is no consensus on the effects of foreign direct investments on unemployment yet. Accordingly, in this study, the short and long-term relationships between foreign direct investment and unemployment in Turkey between the years 1988-2020 were examined. The findings of the study confirmed the views in the literature that \"the effect of foreign direct investments on unemployment is positive\", in other words, \"direct foreign investments increase unemployment\". In addition, according to the Granger causality analysis results, a one-way causality relationship from unemployment to foreign direct investments was observed. Considering the policies followed by Turkey after the January 24 decisions, foreign direct investments are not an element that can be easily abandoned for the country, as it increases the domestic production volume, implements technological innovations, and sets an example for domestic formations in many aspects. Additionally, it is thought to be at a very important point in terms of ensuring integration with the outside world. In this context, the study points out that in addition to encouraging foreign direct investments within the scope of stable growth, domestic investors should be supported in terms of the consistency of employment policies.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129775986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Position and Importance of Central Asian Countries in the One Belt One Road Project","authors":"S. Avcıl, Kenan Aydın","doi":"10.36880/c14.02620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02620","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2013, China has brought the idea of the Land and Sea Silk Road to the agenda. This initiative has been named as a one-generation road project. The word belt constitutes the land route of the project, which includes highways, railways, oil and natural gas pipelines and infrastructure investments. The word road includes the sea routes of the project. As a result of the openness policy adopted by China since the 1980s, it has achieved a rapid growth. The problem of production capacity and surplus that emerged as a result of growth was encountered. This is one of the main reasons for the One Belt One Road Project. This study is a qualitative study. The data of this study were obtained from secondary sources. For this purpose, articles, books, reports, speeches, and similar sources written in the context of the \"One Belt One Road\" project were searched. In this context, investments made in Central Asian countries were tried to be determined. The collected data is based on the period from 2013 to the present day. The project has a great importance for Central Asian countries. Central Asian countries such as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan are rich in natural resources. China is a market for the natural resources of these countries. These countries are also a market for Chinese goods. The project has advantages and disadvantages in terms of Central Asian countries as well as other parties. In this study, the possible political and social consequences of the project, especially the problem of financing and repayment, are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127097506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Bal, Ayat Abdelrahim Suliman Esaa, Esma Erdoğan
{"title":"The Foreign Debt and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"H. Bal, Ayat Abdelrahim Suliman Esaa, Esma Erdoğan","doi":"10.36880/c14.02622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02622","url":null,"abstract":"The growing levels of external debt in developing countries are increasingly a worldwide problem, particularly in Sub-Saharan African countries, where the expanding portfolio of foreign debts, debt servicing rates, and debt overhang cause alarm and global concern. The likelihood of relatively good outcomes of the interaction between external debt and economic growth is based on the government's attempts to maintain a sustainable debt-to-GDP ratio, a low budget deficit, and that the external debt is utilized primarily for capital investments. Under other conditions, the government would confront a circumstance in which accumulated foreign debt levels stifle economic progress, particularly when debt levels rise over time and are poorly managed. In this context, this study aims to examine the association between foreign debt and economic growth in Sub Sahara African countries during the period from 1980 to 2019. The study employed the Dynamic Panel Threshold Regression analysis to investigate the differential impact of foreign debt on economic growth below and above a threshold. The empirical results highlight the existence of a nonlinear relationship between foreign debt on economic growth above the debt threshold during the examined period. Empirical evidence suggests significant policy prescriptions; Sub Sahara African governments should use solid methods of generating domestic income to supplement outside sources of funding, such as the inclusion of domestic informal businesses on a shared cutting-edge platform to ensure successful domestic revenue collection.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131439637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Attempts to Collect Environmental Approaches under the Sustainable Development Concept","authors":"H. Bağlıtaş","doi":"10.36880/c14.02667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02667","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental awareness has particularly increased in the last twenty years. Besides most of the researchers focusing on the environmental Kuznets curve, the approaches relevant to environmental degradation are not limited to disposable income. The paper has theoretical approaches and puts forth all possible sources of pollution and degradation based on sustainable development dimensions. In this respect, free riders and the tragedy of the commons are on the social side. The Environmental Kuznets curve and pollution haven hypothesis are on the economic side. Moreover, entropy is the third law of thermos-dynamic and creates the physical basis for environmental deterioration. In addition, at the end of the process, the Anthropocene emerges because of these four issues. It declares the inevitable consequences of worldly human activities on the naming of ages. Political suggestions might require local, regional, and global support, solutions, and regulations because of multiple dimensions and scales. Public awareness, the seriousness of companies in fulfilling their responsibilities, and the interaction of countries can make a difference in a more sustainable today and tomorrow.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134340445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}