International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022最新文献_第3页

The Contribution of Global Networks to Urban Development within the Framework of UNESCO Learning Cities 教科文组织学习型城市框架内全球网络对城市发展的贡献

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022 Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.36880/c14.02665

S. E. Torlak, Tancu Söyleyici

{"title":"The Contribution of Global Networks to Urban Development within the Framework of UNESCO Learning Cities","authors":"S. E. Torlak, Tancu Söyleyici","doi":"10.36880/c14.02665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02665","url":null,"abstract":"The irresistible speed of globalization also accelerates urbanization. Local governments have difficulties in providing services in the face of increasing problems. They establish \"network type\" organizations in order to develop solutions. The Learning Cities Network, established under the umbrella of UNESCO, is one such organization. Development according to formation; by increasing the level of knowledge of the people. It is thought that the Learning City System contributes to urban development. In the study, the contribution of the Learning City System to urban development is tested within the framework of the example of Turkey. Six cities in the country that are members of the Learning Cities Global Network System are discussed. “Embedded Theory Method”, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. Basic concepts have been created based on the Learning Cities Criteria in the Beijing Declaration. The frequency of transition of these concepts has been measured in the Member Cities' Activity Reports. The situation of the cities in the System before and after becoming a member of the Network was compared. In addition, cities similar to Learning Cities, which have not yet joined the system, were selected and a \"comparative analysis\" was made with the learning cities, and their difference with Learning Cities was revealed. According to the results of the analysis, the areas where Learning Cities were successful and unsuccessful in urban development were determined. Successful examples were examined, and suggestions were developed for learning cities within the framework of the results of the analysis.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115853346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Economic Integrations Improve E-Commerce Performance in Member States? A Study on the European Single Market 经济一体化是否能改善成员国的电子商务绩效?欧洲单一市场研究

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022 Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.36880/c14.02674

Mesut Savrul, Ahmet İncekara

{"title":"Do Economic Integrations Improve E-Commerce Performance in Member States? A Study on the European Single Market","authors":"Mesut Savrul, Ahmet İncekara","doi":"10.36880/c14.02674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02674","url":null,"abstract":"Many of the international trade theories hold the view that reducing the barriers to foreign trade will result in an increase in welfare in all the countries that are party to the trade. The regional integrations established in different parts of the world in the period following the Second World War enabled this theory to be translated into practice, at least on a regional basis. The European Single Market, which was founded in 1993, is significantly different from the economic integrations established in the aforementioned period by incorporating many innovations. One of these innovations is that the Digital Single Market strategy pursues to guarantee better access for customers and enterprises to online goods and services across Europe, which was put into effect in 2015. \u0000The contribution of economic integrations on e-commerce performance of the member countries has been examined in the context of the European Single Market in this study. In the study, e-commerce statistics of the European Single Market countries covering the years 2010-2021 and the Digital Economy and Society Index covering the years 2017-2022 were used. The data is collected from Eurostat, Benchmarking Digital Europe and European Commission, Digital Scoreboard databases. The results of the study present that the Digital Single Market Strategy has contributed to the less developed countries of the Single Market rather than the developed countries. \u0000","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117351742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A New Generation Method for Assessing Information Security Risks: OCTAVE Allegro 一种新的信息安全风险评估方法:八度快板

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022 Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.36880/c14.02624

Emine Serap Kurt, Aysun Yaşar, Kenan Terzioğlu, S. Demirkıran

{"title":"A New Generation Method for Assessing Information Security Risks: OCTAVE Allegro","authors":"Emine Serap Kurt, Aysun Yaşar, Kenan Terzioğlu, S. Demirkıran","doi":"10.36880/c14.02624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02624","url":null,"abstract":"Information system risk assessment, an essential aspect of information security management, assists organizations in identifying and analyzing critical information system assets and reducing potential risks. Internal control and risk management are two systems that complement each other in controlling an organization's activities. As a result, internal control activities, critical for controlling and managing risks, should be carried out with a risk focus. Institutions should first analyze the risks that may emerge in business processes before evaluating the steps that should be taken to secure their information assets. Many risk assessment methods are complicated and expensive, and qualified professionals should only carry them out. The OCTAVE Allegro method is a comprehensive assessment of an organization's operational risk environment to get better results without requiring considerable risk assessment information. Risk assessment can be completed in a short period and at a low cost using this method, and the effectiveness of internal control can be improved. The study's objective is to give information about the OCTAVE Allegro method, which can help prevent the risks of ensuring information security as information technologies advance and explain the method's application areas.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125029429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Validity of the Endogenous Money Hypothesis in the Eurasian Economic Union Countries 欧亚经济联盟国家内生货币假说的有效性

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022 Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.36880/c14.02609

Junus Ganiev, Tezcan Abasız, Damira Baigonushova

{"title":"The Validity of the Endogenous Money Hypothesis in the Eurasian Economic Union Countries","authors":"Junus Ganiev, Tezcan Abasız, Damira Baigonushova","doi":"10.36880/c14.02609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02609","url":null,"abstract":"The endogeneity of the money supply hypothesis is one of the most discussed and researched topics in the theoretical and empirical literature. According to this hypothesis, the money supply is determined internally within the economy. The aim of this study is to test this hypothesis in the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. In order to achieve the goal, the quarterly data of the five countries for the years 2010-2021 was analyzed by panel data analysis. First of all, bank loans were taken as the dependent variable and it was determined that there is a cointegration relationship between these variables. While all three independent variables affected the total loan amount in the short run, the coefficient of money supply was statistically insignificant in the long run. According to the results, one dollar increase in deposit amount increases the loan volume to $0.06 on average in the long run. A one-dollar increase in GDP increases it to 0.3 dollars. In addition, the panel ARDL cointegration test was applied by accepting the deposit amount, M2, M2X money supply and GDP variables as the dependent variables, but no cointegration relationship was found between the variables in all models. In the light of these results, it can be said that the money endogeneity hypothesis is not valid in the Eurasian Economic Union countries in general.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126469616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: The Case of Central Asian Countries 环境库兹涅茨曲线假设:以中亚国家为例

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022 Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.36880/c14.02617

Ebru Çağlayan Akay, Zamira Oskonbaeva

引用次数: 0

The History of the Cannabis Plant, its Place in the Economies of Countries, and its Strategic Importance 大麻植物的历史，它在各国经济中的地位，以及它的战略重要性

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022 Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.36880/c14.02694

Kamil Uslu

{"title":"The History of the Cannabis Plant, its Place in the Economies of Countries, and its Strategic Importance","authors":"Kamil Uslu","doi":"10.36880/c14.02694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02694","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis is a plant that is extraordinarily useful and has been used in almost every form for thousands of years by mankind. It is a small family of flowering plants, also known as the cannabis family. This family contains about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including Cannabis, Humulus, and Celtis. Obtaining the drug, which is a by-product of cannabis, is shown as a potential danger to societies. Despite this, it should not be ignored that hemp is gaining more importance in our global world. The economic and social benefits of cannabis, which are very important in human history, still maintain their place today. It can be said that political preferences are more prominent here. Cannabis has been freely used by a large part of the world's population since prehistoric times. There are countries that stand out in the history of hemp. These; Among the Chinese, Indians, the Native Americans are prominent. The areas where cannabis is used; It acts as a natural filter in paper production, textile industry, agriculture, energy, automotive industry, cleaning carbon dioxide in the air. In addition, hemp, which is widely used in medicine, is a strategic plant that is also used in many areas.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"110 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133720633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital Currencies, Cryptocurrencies and Central Bank Digital Currencies 数字货币，加密货币和中央银行数字货币

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022 Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.36880/c14.02621

Burcu Sakız, A. Gencer

{"title":"Digital Currencies, Cryptocurrencies and Central Bank Digital Currencies","authors":"Burcu Sakız, A. Gencer","doi":"10.36880/c14.02621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02621","url":null,"abstract":"The history of money reveals a pattern: there has been a trend of money dematerialization over the centuries. The majority of money now circulates in electronic form. Banks, governments, and institutions are analyzing and researching the economic and technical viability of implementing digital money, as well as the implications for monetary and fiscal policy. Digital currencies are essentially e-cash that does not require any specific encryption technologies. The financial system has the potential to be transformed by digital money, and the digital money revolution will take place on a worldwide scale. Cryptocurrencies are digital currencies that encrypt and verify network transactions using cryptography. Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin could be the future of payment systems or even how we exchange value over the Internet in the coming years. Bitcoin has the potential to be a revolution because it provides people with a new level of sovereignty and, as a result, a new form of freedom, and it represents an alternative to our current financial system. Most central banks, on the other hand, are experimenting with central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). A CBDC is a digital currency that is issued by a central bank and is widely used. Thanks to the enormous labor and attention that central banks are spending to digital currencies, they will soon become a reality. We present and discuss the characteristics of digital currencies and crypto currencies in this study, as well as the digital currencies used by central banks (CBDCs) and open issues.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124218539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foreign Trade and Hysteresis Effect: An Essay on Foreign Trade Flows in the Turkish Economy 对外贸易与滞后效应:土耳其经济中的对外贸易流动研究

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022 Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.36880/c14.02634

Neşe Algan, H. Bal, Koray Yıldırım

{"title":"Foreign Trade and Hysteresis Effect: An Essay on Foreign Trade Flows in the Turkish Economy","authors":"Neşe Algan, H. Bal, Koray Yıldırım","doi":"10.36880/c14.02634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02634","url":null,"abstract":"There is a wide literature that temporary shocks in real exchange rates and volatility will cause structural breaks in foreign trade. As a result of temporary shocks in real exchange rates, the real exchange rate elasticity of imports decreases. The decrease in the sensitivity of the import volume to real exchange rates and the failure to return to its former levels after the temporary shock is expressed as the hysteresis situation. In case the exchange rates return to their previous levels after the temporary shock, the main dynamic of hysteresis is that the firms exhibit the behavior of staying in the market due to sunk costs. In the study, foreign trade flows in the Turkish economy were analyzed for the period 2003Q1-2021Q2 by using the asymmetry hypothesis in order to test the hysteresis effects. According to the findings obtained from the asymmetry hypothesis, the absence of a decrease in the import volume during the period of depreciation of the domestic currency indicates the existence of the hysteresis effect. The fact that the firms exhibited the behavior of staying in the market in exchange rate depreciation in the Turkish economy means that sunk costs are extremely effective in hysteresis. Based on this information, as a solution to the hysteresis effects in foreign trade flows in the Turkish economy at the point of policymaking, reducing the sunk costs in market entry to reasonable levels and ensuring stability in exchange rates come to the fore as suggestions in terms of hysteresis.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116047308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Assessment on the Risk of Falling to the Lower-Middle Income Group Beyond the Middle Income Trap 跨越中等收入陷阱落入中低收入群体的风险评估

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022 Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.36880/c14.02698

Cevat Gerni, Selahattin Sarı, Adem Türkmen, Ö. S. Emsen

{"title":"An Assessment on the Risk of Falling to the Lower-Middle Income Group Beyond the Middle Income Trap","authors":"Cevat Gerni, Selahattin Sarı, Adem Türkmen, Ö. S. Emsen","doi":"10.36880/c14.02698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02698","url":null,"abstract":"The Turkish economy succeeded in moving from the lower-middle income group to the upper-middle income group in 2005. If Türkiye had been able to sustain its growth performance in 2005 and the following 5-10 years, it could have risen to the class of high-income countries in a not too long period of time. However, it has experienced declines in dollar-denominated income in response to real growth between 2014 and 2020. In this process, a literature began to emerge about Türkiye falling into the middle-income trap. At this point, Türkiye, which had the possibility of rising to the high-income country group in 2013 but declined to the median income in the upper-middle income group as of 2020, seems worth examining with its experiences. In this study, the descriptive analyzes implies that the risk that Türkiye will fall to the lower-middle income level in 2027, if the continuous decline trend in dollar-based income figures in the post-2013 period continues. It can be said that the de-dollarization effects in exchange rates, as a reflection of the improvement in institutional structures and the foreign capital inflows triggered by this, played an important role in the great leap observed in Türkiye’s dollar-based income before 2013. Given the continuous decline in dollar-based income after 2013, it is noted that the deterioration in institutional structures and the dollarization effects in exchange rates are significant.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122874020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Relationship of Renewable Energy with Foreign Trade Balance and The Economic Growth: An Analysis in the Context of Turkey and The European Union 可再生能源与对外贸易平衡和经济增长的关系——以土耳其和欧盟为例的分析

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022 Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.36880/c14.02680

Burak Beder, Sunay Çıralı

{"title":"The Relationship of Renewable Energy with Foreign Trade Balance and The Economic Growth: An Analysis in the Context of Turkey and The European Union","authors":"Burak Beder, Sunay Çıralı","doi":"10.36880/c14.02680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c14.02680","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, most of the energy need is provided by carbon-intensive primary energy sources. Especially, since the 1970s, this circumstance has exposed two major issues. Firstly, primary energy sources are one of the most significant contributors to climate change since they significantly increase greenhouse gas emissions. Secondly, the fact that primary energy sources are non-renewable, and their limited reserves have recently caused unexpected price movements in energy prices. This situation creates conditions that cause crises, jeopardizes the security of energy supply, and threatens production and social living. In this context, the increased awareness of climate change and the energy shocks experienced put renewable energy sources instead of primary energy sources on the agenda. \u0000Renewable energy sources are particularly substantial for Turkey and the European Union (EU). Because Turkey and the EU meet most of their energy needs through imports. By being directly affected by rapid fluctuations in the pricing of energy resources, this circumstance can cause countries to experience issues such as foreign trade imbalance, energy supply security, inflation, and economic slowdown. In this scenario, it is crucial for Turkey and the EU to adopt renewable energy sources to continue economic growth. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the installed renewable energy power capacity of electricity generation with foreign trade balance and the economic growth of Turkey and EU countries from 2000 to 2020. In this context, it is intended to conduct a Panel Granger Causality test using data gathered from the IRENA and World Bank databases.","PeriodicalId":130191,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2022","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129920129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0