IEEE Sensors Letters最新文献

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Noncontact Heart Rate Measurement in Walking Rats 行走大鼠非接触心率测量
IF 2.2
IEEE Sensors Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588118
YuKe He;Yong Lv;Jingjing Zhang
{"title":"Noncontact Heart Rate Measurement in Walking Rats","authors":"YuKe He;Yong Lv;Jingjing Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588118","url":null,"abstract":"Animal research provides experimental models that recapitulate various physiological and pathophysiological processes in humans, which are crucial for scientific breakthroughs in medicine and biology. In order to adhere to the principles of the replacement, reduction, and refinement, this work proposed a noncontact heart rate measurement approach in walking rats, using a fusion method of deep learning and signal processing. The approach uses the movement of the rat's dorsal and ventral fur regions to extract the heart rate signals. The extracted signal removes rigid motion primarily based on the spinal signal, and then obtains a clean heart rate signal by removing nonrigid motion through canonical correlation analysis. The results were highly consistent with the reference method (semi-implantable electrocardiogram), with a mean absolute percentage error of 2.09% for rats. Current research suggests that camera-based technology has great potential for measuring the heart rate of walking animals, helping to develop new methods for continuous and objective assessment of animal welfare, thereby advancing modern biomedical and ethical research.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 8","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strain Transfer Model Assessment for Steel-Reinforced and Polymer-Coated Optical Fiber Cables Used as Distributed Strain Sensors 用于分布式应变传感器的钢增强和聚合物包覆光缆的应变传递模型评估
IF 2.2
IEEE Sensors Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3589372
Mira Kabbara;Xavier Chapeleau;Qinghua Zhang;Frédéric Bourquin
{"title":"Strain Transfer Model Assessment for Steel-Reinforced and Polymer-Coated Optical Fiber Cables Used as Distributed Strain Sensors","authors":"Mira Kabbara;Xavier Chapeleau;Qinghua Zhang;Frédéric Bourquin","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3589372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3589372","url":null,"abstract":"Strain transfer in distributed optical fiber sensors is typically represented by a simplified 1-D model that incorporates a strain lag parameter dependent on cable characteristics and installation conditions. Initially developed for thin cables with polymer coatings, this study extends the evaluation of the model's applicability to robust four-layered cables—one with polymer coatings only and the other including a steel layer—designed for use in harsh environments and complex installation scenarios. Finite element simulations are conducted to assess the model's performance for both steel-reinforced and polymer-coated cables subjected to strain gradients, using strain lag parameters specific to each cable. The results demonstrate that the model accurately predicts strain transfer in steel-reinforced cables but shows reduced accuracy for polymer-coated cables. Furthermore, the influence of the precision of the strain lag parameter and variations in interlayer stiffness, governing the interfacial behavior and affected by installation practices, on the model's validity is critically examined.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 8","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Real-Time UV Monitoring Using an IoT-Enabled NbSe2–MoSe2–ZnO Sensor for Smartphone Application 基于物联网的NbSe2-MoSe2-ZnO传感器的智能手机实时紫外监测
IF 2.2
IEEE Sensors Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588408
Velmurugan K;Jenq-Shiou Leu;Adhimoorthy Saravanan
{"title":"Real-Time UV Monitoring Using an IoT-Enabled NbSe2–MoSe2–ZnO Sensor for Smartphone Application","authors":"Velmurugan K;Jenq-Shiou Leu;Adhimoorthy Saravanan","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588408","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time monitoring of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is critical for health, agriculture, and ecosystem management, yet current sensors often lack sensitivity and seamless cloud connectivity. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a fully integrated Internet of Things UV-monitoring platform built around an NbSe<sub>2</sub>–MoSe<sub>2</sub>–ZnO hybrid nanomaterial on a Silicon substrate. This architecture synergistically combines the high carrier mobility of 2-D TMDCs with the robust wide-bandgap photoresponse of ZnO. The hybrid sensor exhibits exceptional UV sensitivity (Ip/Id ≈ 1.3×10<sup>3</sup>) and responsivity (1.68 A/W), surpassing traditional ZnO- or TMDC-only devices. Integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller, Firebase Realtime Database logging, and a custom smartphone app, our system provides low-power, scalable, remote UV-index tracking—empowering individuals and agencies to make proactive, data-driven decisions in real time, capabilities that static or offline sensors cannot offer.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 8","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microelectrode-Based MoS2-Aptamer Functionalized Electrochemical Sensor for Trace Cadmium (II) Detection in Water 基于mos2适体的微电极功能化电化学传感器检测水中痕量镉(II
IF 2.2
IEEE Sensors Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588198
Swati Mohanty;Tarun Narayan;Gajendranath Chowdary;Alan O'Riordan;Shiv Govind Singh
{"title":"Microelectrode-Based MoS2-Aptamer Functionalized Electrochemical Sensor for Trace Cadmium (II) Detection in Water","authors":"Swati Mohanty;Tarun Narayan;Gajendranath Chowdary;Alan O'Riordan;Shiv Govind Singh","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588198","url":null,"abstract":"Prolonged exposure to elevated levels of cadmium ions in water can lead to serious health problems, and efficient detection of these ions is vital for preventing severe consequences. This letter presents an electrochemical detection technique realized via surface modification of working electrodes with metal sulfide and aptamer adaptation, offering a versatile platform for developing a robust, portable, and cost-effective sensor for environmental monitoring and in situ detections. A novel, compact, and miniaturized design of <inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>-dimensional working electrode along with on-chip counter and reference electrode (RE) fabricated on a silicon wafer has been used as the transducer to subdue the lack of portability of conventional carbon electrode. The electrodeposition technique is employed in this work to obtain superior control, better adhesion, and uniformity in electrode modification, leading to efficient sensor design. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) material is electrodeposited on the working electrode using chronoamperometric technique and functionalized with cross-linkers to bind to amine-terminated aptamers. Cd (II) specific aptamers immobilized on a <inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>-electrode sensor surface via a covalent surface modifier on electrodeposited MoS<sub>2</sub> exhibit high specificity and a detection limit as low as 1.3 ng/L. The Si wafer-based integrated electrodes with <inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>-scale dimensions, combined with the electrodeposition technique, are a promising alternative to glassy carbon electrodes with compact design, and harbor the possibility of multiplexing for detecting different heavy metal ions in water.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 9","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fully Automated Microfluidic Electrochemical Platform as a Versatile Biosensor 作为多功能生物传感器的全自动微流控电化学平台
IF 2.2
IEEE Sensors Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588757
Niranjan Haridas Menon;Yassa Beshai;Sagnik Basuray
{"title":"Fully Automated Microfluidic Electrochemical Platform as a Versatile Biosensor","authors":"Niranjan Haridas Menon;Yassa Beshai;Sagnik Basuray","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588757","url":null,"abstract":"We present a fully automated microfluidic electrochemical sensing platform capable of executing complex fluidic operations and acquiring high-fidelity electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data. The system is automated using Python, enabling open-source automation. It demonstrates strong signal stability and reproducibility, validated by consistent impedance responses across multiple cycles of potassium chloride solutions at 10 and 100 mM concentrations. Integrated pressure sensing enables real-time monitoring of pressure drops across the microfluidic channel, offering diagnostic insights into potential issues, such as leakage, packing failure, or bubble formation. The sensing capability of the platform was evaluated by detecting single-stranded DNA sequences. The system exhibited a selective response, with an approximately 70% greater change in charge transfer resistance upon exposure to an entirely complementary target DNA sequence compared to a completely mismatched sequence. These results highlight the system's sensitivity and sequence specificity. This work demonstrates the development of a versatile, compact, and automated electrochemical microfluidic platform with potential applications in point-of-care diagnostics for nucleic acids, proteins, and other relevant biomarkers, including those associated with zoonotic diseases.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 8","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Anthropomimetic Olfactory System for the Digitalization of In-Vehicle Air Quality 一种用于车内空气质量数字化的仿生嗅觉系统
IF 2.2
IEEE Sensors Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588538
Bo Li;Qiang Liu;Jian Yang;Jiqin Zhong;Mingyi Li;Xilei Wang;Ning Wang;Jinrui Luo;Jinhong Yang;Xiaojin Zhao;Xiaofang Pan
{"title":"An Anthropomimetic Olfactory System for the Digitalization of In-Vehicle Air Quality","authors":"Bo Li;Qiang Liu;Jian Yang;Jiqin Zhong;Mingyi Li;Xilei Wang;Ning Wang;Jinrui Luo;Jinhong Yang;Xiaojin Zhao;Xiaofang Pan","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588538","url":null,"abstract":"The digitization of odors is essential for precise control, particularly in managing in-vehicle air quality. This study presents an anthropomimetic olfactory system that mimics professional sniffers’ evaluations of automotive materials. Specifically, the system consists of multiple gas sensors functioning like olfactory receptors, a circuit board for signal processing, and an algorithm to interpret odor characteristics. To enhance odor detection, the sensor array with broad sensitivity is selected to identify key automotive odors, such as 4-methyl-2-pentanone and ethyl acetate from materials, such as PVC fabric and steering wheels. To further improve the measurement accuracy, first-order hysteresis and least mean squares filters are applied to reduce background noise and sensor drift. As the gradient boosting regression tree algorithm excels in highly nonlinear processing, it successfully fulfills the complex requirements of in-vehicle odor detection. The algorithm was subsequently trained and validated through a novel dataset with five sniffers’ label. As a result, this anthropomimetic olfactory system succeeds in replicating sniffers’ subjective evaluation results of odor intensity and comfort, with accuracy rates of 99.0% and 98.6%, respectively. This research represents a significant step toward digitalizing in-vehicle odor assessment, paving the way for automated odor control in large-scale manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 8","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Porous Silk Scaffold-Integrated TENG for Sustainable Energy Harvesting 多孔丝支架-集成TENG用于可持续能源收集
IF 2.2
IEEE Sensors Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3587997
Aditya Bhagavathi;Karri Trinadha Rao;Satish Bonam;Jose Joseph;Atul Kumar Gupta;Shiv Govind Singh;Siva Rama Krishna Vanjari
{"title":"Porous Silk Scaffold-Integrated TENG for Sustainable Energy Harvesting","authors":"Aditya Bhagavathi;Karri Trinadha Rao;Satish Bonam;Jose Joseph;Atul Kumar Gupta;Shiv Govind Singh;Siva Rama Krishna Vanjari","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3587997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3587997","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a vertical contact–separation mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) engineered with a hierarchically porous silk fibroin scaffold and copper film as the triboelectric pair is presented. The silk scaffold was fabricated via a freeze-drying process and integrated onto a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The porous architecture significantly increased the effective surface area and interfacial contact, leading to enhanced charge generation compared to conventional thin-film counterparts. Electrical performance was optimized by varying the scaffold thickness. The optimized device, incorporating a 1.5-mm porous scaffold, achieved a peak-to-peak output voltage of 420 V and a power of 17 mW, sufficient to illuminate 12 serially connected micro-LEDs. The proposed TENG is cost effective, mechanically adaptive, and biocompatible. Electrical and mechanical durability tests indicate its suitability as a robust and scalable energy harvesting platform for self-sustaining wearable and biointegrated technologies.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 9","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Near-Infrared Sensor-Based Assessment of Scientific Creativity Using Graph-Guided Attention-Driven Capsule Network 基于近红外传感器的科学创造力评估——基于图导注意驱动胶囊网络
IF 2.2
IEEE Sensors Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588382
Sayantani Ghosh;Amit Konar
{"title":"Near-Infrared Sensor-Based Assessment of Scientific Creativity Using Graph-Guided Attention-Driven Capsule Network","authors":"Sayantani Ghosh;Amit Konar","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3588382","url":null,"abstract":"Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) devices use optical sensors to measure cortical hemodynamic changes by capturing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood concentrations during cognitive tasks. This letter employs fNIRS to assess scientific creativity by analyzing brain connectivity patterns while participants solve geometric riders—a task demanding cognitive flexibility, a core component of scientific creativity. The proposed contributions include: first, transforming fNIRS signals into brain networks using wavelet transform coherence; second, extracting three local features (degree, efficiency, and betweenness) to identify active Brodmann areas and one global feature (assortativity) to characterize the overall network structure; third, designing a novel feature fusion strategy that integrates local and global features; lastly, classifying the fused features into three classes (creative, analytical, and neither-creative-nor-analytical) using a novel graph-guided attention-driven capsule network (GGA-CN). GGA-CN integrates graph convolutional network and capsule network to preserve rich vector-based representations, enhanced by a novel attention mechanism that guides primary capsules toward relevant higher level capsules. Performance analysis shows GGA-CN achieves classification accuracy of 95.34% using local features, 90.56% using the global feature, and 96.27% using fused features, demonstrating the strength of the fusion strategy. GGA-CN also outperforms State-of-the-Art models, underscoring its classification efficacy. Thus, the fNIRS-sensor based method shows strong potential for identifying creative individuals for roles in innovation-driven sectors.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 8","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Innovative Sensor Systems Using Deep Learning and Piezoelectric Resonators for Biofuel Monitoring 利用深度学习和压电谐振器进行生物燃料监测的创新传感器系统
IF 2.2
IEEE Sensors Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3587851
Víctor Corsino;Víctor Ruiz-Díez;José Luis Sánchez-Rojas
{"title":"Innovative Sensor Systems Using Deep Learning and Piezoelectric Resonators for Biofuel Monitoring","authors":"Víctor Corsino;Víctor Ruiz-Díez;José Luis Sánchez-Rojas","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3587851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3587851","url":null,"abstract":"This research introduces a viscometer–densimeter based on silicon-integrated piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems, designed to address a critical challenge in the green energy transition: biofuel monitoring. The sensor was assembled on a printed circuit board with an electronic circuit and a microcontroller programmed with convolutional neural networks, enabling the processing of spectra and the estimation of the fluid's properties. The instrument was validated through viscosity and density measurements of biodiesels derived from vegetable oils, demonstrating calibration errors of 0.021 mPa·s and 3.5 × 10<sup>−4</sup> g/mL, as well as resolutions of 0.01 mPa·s and 1.33 × 10<sup>−4</sup> g/mL. It enabled the detection of vegetable oil content as low as 0.5% in diesel fuel. Offering advantages such as portability, compact size, and high precision, this instrument sets itself apart from existing commercial alternatives.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 8","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11077405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Precision Low-Phase-Noise QCM Sensor Driving System With Parasitic Capacitance Compensation Technique 基于寄生电容补偿技术的精密低相位噪声QCM传感器驱动系统
IF 2.2
IEEE Sensors Letters Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1109/LSENS.2025.3587660
Hyungseup Kim;Gibae Nam;Manhyuck Choi;Jaesung Kim;Nam Ho Bae;Hyoungho Ko
{"title":"A Precision Low-Phase-Noise QCM Sensor Driving System With Parasitic Capacitance Compensation Technique","authors":"Hyungseup Kim;Gibae Nam;Manhyuck Choi;Jaesung Kim;Nam Ho Bae;Hyoungho Ko","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3587660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3587660","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a precision low-phase-noise quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor driving system with parasitic capacitance compensation technique. The proposed QCM sensor driver application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) can accurately drive QCM sensors and generate a precise resonance frequency output. The ASIC consists of a first low-pass filter (LPF), a high-speed transimpedance amplifier, and a second LPF to form a self-sustained oscillator. To achieve low phase noise and a high Q-factor, the driver integrated circuit (IC) incorporates a parasitic capacitance compensation technique. The complete driving system includes a custom printed circuit board (PCB), a microcontroller unit (MCU) evaluation board, and an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel. The QCM sensor is driven by the proposed IC mounted on a custom-designed PCB. The output frequency is measured through the driver IC evaluation board, and the resulting resonance signal is acquired by the MCU. The output frequency is then displayed on the OLED panel via the MCU's serial peripheral interface communication. The system can be realized in a compact form factor without requiring bulky measurement equipment. The proposed driver IC is fabricated using a 0.18-<italic>µ</i>m complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process, occupying a total area of 0.801 mm<sup>2</sup>. The fabricated IC consumes 5 mA of current at a 1.8 V supply. The measured system performance demonstrates a low phase noise of −103.9 dBc/Hz and a high Q-factor of 45 535.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 8","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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