{"title":"A Novel Approach for Exploring Resolution Tunable Displacement Measurement System by Using Extension Spring and Ultrasonic Sensors","authors":"Ram Kishore Roy;Nityananda Hazarika;Tulshi Bezboruah","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3540499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3540499","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we proposed an ultrasonic sensor-based resolution tunable displacement measurement system by using an extension spring. In the proposed method, a linear extension spring is vertically suspended between two clamps. The top end of the clamp is fixed, while the bottom end of the clamp is movable. An ultrasonic sensor is mounted on top of the arrangement. A circular reflective metallic plate is fixed at certain number of active coils of the spring to reflect the ultrasonic waves. It is experimentally observed that with the change in position of the reflective plate on the spring, there is a change in resolution of measured displacement. The proposed method has novelty of having capability to tune the resolution, free of hysteresis, simple in design, and having response time less than 1 s.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 3","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Self-Sensing Cantilever Structures Using Additive Manufacturing and Optical Fiber Sensing Technology","authors":"Robertson Pires-Junior;Leandro Macedo;Anselmo Frizera;Arnaldo Leal-Junior","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3539980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3539980","url":null,"abstract":"Fused filament fabrication (FFF) can produce parts that can be integrated with optical fiber sensors to obtain a multifunctional structure. In this study, fibers inscribed with Bragg gratings were incorporated into single cantilever-type accelerometers (fabricated using FFF) from nylon filaments and 17–4 PH to produce structures sensitive to mechanical vibration. The materials were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis with an optical fiber incorporated into the test specimens, where the nylon specimens presented a transition in elastic modulus until 60 <inline-formula><tex-math>$^{circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>C and for the 17–4 PH the transition occurred until 180 <inline-formula><tex-math>$^{circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>C. Linear regressions were used to estimate the sensitivity of the accelerometers, with calculated coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) greater than 0.97. The 17–4 PH cantilever had a sensitivity to variation in vibration amplitude (which ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 V) of 1.787 pm/V when vibrated at a frequency of 10 Hz and 3.605 pm/V at 100 Hz, while the nylon accelerometer had sensitivities of 83.114 pm/V and 104.385 pm/V at 10 and 100 Hz, respectively. The manufactured accelerometers have the potential to be used as low-frequency vibration sensors and self-sensing cantilevers in diverse environments.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 3","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dielectric-Based Calibration Algorithm for Rapid and Nondestructive Determination of Multiple Quality Attributes of In-Shell Nuts","authors":"Samir Trabelsi;Micah A. Lewis","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3539583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3539583","url":null,"abstract":"Quality assessment of several agricultural commodities requires measurement of several quality attributes to determine their value, optimum processing conditions, and conditions for safe storage. A dielectric-based calibration algorithm is proposed for simultaneous and nondestructive determination of three quality attributes of in-shell nuts, namely, bulk density, moisture contents (pods, kernels, and shells), and “meat” content from the measurement of their dielectric properties at a single microwave frequency. The calibration algorithm relies on the existence of direct correlations between the quality attributes and the dielectric properties of in-shell nuts measured at a single microwave frequency. The performance of this algorithm is demonstrated through measurements on in-shell peanuts with a low-cost microwave sensor operating at 5.8 GHz. Calibration equations correlating each quality attribute with in-shell peanuts’ dielectric properties are given along with the standard error of calibration.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 4","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"No-Reference Laparoscopic Video Quality Assessment for Sensor Distortions Using Optimized Long Short-Term Memory Framework","authors":"Sria Biswas;Rohini Palanisamy","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3539186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3539186","url":null,"abstract":"Laparoscopic surgery relies on sensor-based video systems vulnerable to visual distortions, requiring rigorous quality checks to meet regulatory standards. This letter introduces a no-reference laparoscopic video quality assessment algorithm designed to replicate human perceptual judgments in the presence of sensor distortions. The method models the statistical interdependencies between luminance and motion features and combines them with texture variations to formulate a perceptually relevant feature vector. This is used as input to train a memory-retentive deep learning model optimized by chaotic maps to predict frame quality scores which are utilized to evaluate the overall video quality. Performance comparisons with state-of-the-art methods show that the proposed model aligns closely with both expert and nonexpert subjective ratings, with experts achieving higher accuracy. Ablation studies further emphasize the effectiveness of the selected feature combinations and regression frameworks, demonstrating the capability of the model to replicate human opinions. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed method as a reliable tool for automating quality assessment in sensor-based laparoscopic systems to ensure high standards in clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 4","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harnessing Haptic Technology for Real-Time Emotion Detection","authors":"Lital Levy;Yuval Blum;Asmare Ambaw;Roi Yozevitch;Eldad Holdengreber","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3538804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3538804","url":null,"abstract":"This letter introduces a novel multi-modal environmental translator for real-time emotion recognition. The system integrates facial expression recognition (FER) and speech emotion recognition (SER) to analyze visual and vocal cues while conveying emotional feedback through vibrotactile signals. Emotions are mapped to distinct vibration frequencies—ranging from 0.4 Hz for neutral to 35 Hz for anger—enabling users to identify seven core emotions through tactile sensations intuitively. A user study involving ten participants demonstrated an average adaptation time of fewer than 7 min, indicating the system's effectiveness in quickly familiarizing users with the vibration signals. Overall, this innovative solution provides a robust approach to enhancing real-time emotion recognition through haptic feedback, making it suitable for everyday social interactions.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 3","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"uThaw: Ultra-Wideband Wireless Solid–Liquid State Transition Sensor to Detect Thawing of Food","authors":"Rahul Bulusu;Ashutosh Dhekne","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3537922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3537922","url":null,"abstract":"This letter explores the potential use of ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless sensors in detecting the transition of food items from a frozen state to thawed state (or vice versa), marking a significant advancement in monitoring the thawing process. By exploiting the drastic change in complex permittivity at microwave frequencies (we use frequencies close to 4 GHz) during the solid–liquid state transition, this letter introduces a novel approach in ensuring frozen food safety and in enhancing the efficiency of the frozen food industry and cold chain transportation. The developed system, capable of operating through food packaging, offers a noninvasive, cost-effective solution for real-time monitoring, addressing the limitations of conventional temperature-based and timing-based methods widely used today in household and professional cooking and in the food industry. Our findings from the raw UWB channel impulse responses and computed similarity scores indeed show significant promise and validate the feasibility of the proposed system with various real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 3","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ball Trajectory and Spin Analysis From Asynchronous Videos","authors":"Aakanksha;Ashish Kumar;Rajagopalan A. N.","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3537116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3537116","url":null,"abstract":"Existing systems for ball trajectory and spin estimation use embedded sensors or expensive high-frame-rate cameras, which severely limits their accessibility. We propose an easy-to-setup low-cost vision sensor pipeline using two static asynchronous consumer-grade cameras. We also propose the use of epipolar geometry for synchronizing the cameras. We estimate 3-D ball trajectory and spin with only one distinguishable feature on the ball. Mixture of Gaussians and adaptive color-based thresholding are used to localize the ball in 2-D followed by triangulation. To estimate spin magnitude and axis, we employ feature detection and plane fitting. Extensive experiments with three different balls across multiple varied environments are reported and the approach is validated by arriving at the standard gravitational acceleration value from our estimated ball trajectory. For validating the spin, we compare our results with the true spin for a rotating ball fixed on a motor shaft. The average reprojection error was below 10 pixels for all our experiments and a maximum deviation of 17 rotations per minute in spin magnitude was observed.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 3","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Significance of CLPSO-Based Dataset in Self-Supervised Lightweight ANN for Estimating Highly Intelligible Microphone Sensor Location","authors":"Ritujoy Biswas;Diksha Bhat;Karan Nathwani","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3534471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3534471","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes training a lightweight artificial neural network (ANN) in a self-supervised manner using an optimal dataset generated via comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization (CLPSO). Although CLPSO can suggest the “optimal” microphone sensor locations in a room relative to a speaker, it is computationally taxing. Instead, we propose using these suggested sensor locations as implicit labels for training a network. It is suggested to use five-best sensor locations for training instead of one to ensure that the model captures the relationship between the speaker and the sensor locations within the room. This training is done on a resource-constrained Raspberry Pi. The trained ANN quickly predicts good sensor locations corresponding to high intelligibility in terms of short-time objective intelligibility (STOI). This performance is generalized across different combinations of room dimensions and speaker locations and is robust for varying datasets. The predictions were also validated in real-world conditions through mean opinion score (MOS) values.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 3","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alim Gulbag;Michael Huang;Brian Rong;Benjamin Sreenan;Xiaoshan Zhu
{"title":"A Simple Circuit for Time-Resolved Luminescence (TRL) Measurement Instruments: Demonstration Through a Smartphone-Based TRL Imager for Anticounterfeiting Application","authors":"Alim Gulbag;Michael Huang;Brian Rong;Benjamin Sreenan;Xiaoshan Zhu","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3535901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3535901","url":null,"abstract":"Time-resolved luminescence (TRL) measurement is a sensitive detection technique by eliminating sample autofluorescence, but TRL measurement instruments composed of multiple key components (e.g., a rapidly pulsed light excitation source, a time-gated optical detector, and a synchronization module aligning the timing between the light source and the detector) have been sophisticated, expensive, or bulky, which limits their point-of-care or in-field applications. To reduce the cost and complexity of these instruments, in this letter, we developed a simple circuit for rapid LED pulsing and accurate timing synchronization and implemented it in a compact TRL imager with a ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) as a light source and a chopper-coupled smartphone camera as a time-gated optical detector. The TRL measurement of this imager using this circuit was successfully validated through an anticounterfeiting application. We believe that this simple circuit can be adopted in the development of low-cost and compact TRL measurement instruments for broad point-of-care or in-field applications.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 3","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reena Dey;Thomas T. Daniel;Emlin Elsa Abraham;Vimal Kumar Singh Yadav;Roy Paily
{"title":"Room Temperature Printed Ethanol Sensor Based on P-Phenylenediamine Functionalized Graphene Oxide","authors":"Reena Dey;Thomas T. Daniel;Emlin Elsa Abraham;Vimal Kumar Singh Yadav;Roy Paily","doi":"10.1109/LSENS.2025.3535770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2025.3535770","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, an ethanol sensor operating at room temperature is fabricated utilizing graphene oxide functionalized with p-phenylenediamine as the sensing channel and printed silver nanoparticle film as the electrodes over a glass substrate. The electrodes are developed using a rapid and cost-effective microcantilever-based printing technology. The fabricated sensor is exposed to varying concentrations of volatile organic compounds, such as acetone, isopropanol, and ethanol, to analyze its response and selectivity. The sensor shows high selectivity and a sensitivity of 33% toward five parts per million ethanol.","PeriodicalId":13014,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Sensors Letters","volume":"9 3","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}