Health physics最新文献_第6页

Risk Assessment for Nuclear Terrorism Probability and Its Application on a Hypothetical Nuclear Facility. 核恐怖主义概率风险评估及其在假想核设施中的应用。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Health physics Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001842

Joeun L Kot, Jason T Harris

{"title":"Risk Assessment for Nuclear Terrorism Probability and Its Application on a Hypothetical Nuclear Facility.","authors":"Joeun L Kot, Jason T Harris","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000001842","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Radiation protection contains the key elements of nuclear safety and security. Despite the overlap between nuclear safety and security, their objectives differ fundamentally, focusing on unintentional accidents and intentional malicious events, respectively. As such, the Potential Facility Risk Index (PFRI), originally created for security purposes, has evolved into an approach that combines conventional probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), which is a widely employed method to evaluate the safety risks of nuclear facilities. This research has developed a risk assessment model within the PFRI framework to calculate the probability of nuclear terrorism. Three essential components of the model are integrated: an analysis of historical nuclear terrorism data to determine an initial threat frequency; the target-specific factor using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) target attractiveness analysis; and the adversary motivation factor based on site-specific social influences from the Profiles of Individual Radicalization in the United States (PIRUS) dataset. Applied to a hypothetical nuclear facility, the model produces a nuclear terrorism probability of 8.97 × 10-3 y - 1. The systematic methodology proposed in the study enables the derivation of nuclear terrorism probability with results in the same risk unit as safety risk assessment. This method allows decision makers to seamlessly incorporate nuclear safety and security risk assessments, offering a comprehensive perspective. Consequently, it enriches comprehension of nuclear facility risks and establishes the groundwork for future advancements.","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction Model for Defects in Lead and Lead-free Aprons. 铅和无铅围裙缺陷预测模型。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Health physics Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001847

Pieter-Jan Kellens, An De Hauwere, Sandrine Bayart, Klaus Bacher, Tom Loeys

{"title":"Prediction Model for Defects in Lead and Lead-free Aprons.","authors":"Pieter-Jan Kellens, An De Hauwere, Sandrine Bayart, Klaus Bacher, Tom Loeys","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000001847","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Personal radiation protective equipment (PRPE) is prone to defects in the attenuating layers, resulting in inadequate protection. Hence, quality control (QC) of PRPE is needed to assess its integrity. Unfortunately, QC of PRPE is laborious and time consuming. This study aimed to predict the QC outcome of PRPE without x-ray imaging based on readily available predictors. PRPE QC data of a general hospital from 2018 to 2023 was used for both prediction models based on logistic regression and random forests (RF). The data were divided into a training set containing all data from 2018 to 2022 and a holdout set containing the data from 2023. The predictors were brand, age, size, type, visual defects, and department. The prediction performances were compared using confusion matrices and visualized with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Prediction accuracies of at least 80% were achieved. Further model tuning especially improved the RF model to a precision up to 97% with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 86%. All predictors, except visual defects, significantly impacted the probability of passing. The predictor brand had the largest contribution to the predictive performance. The difference in pass probability between the best-performing and the worst-performing brand was 35.1%. The results highlight the potential of predicting PRPE QC outcome without x rays. The proposed prediction approach is a significant contribution to an effective QC strategy by reducing time consuming x-ray QC tests and focusing on garments with higher probability of being defective. Further research is recommended.","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract 摘要

IF 2.2 4区医学

Health physics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001806

引用次数: 0

Protecting Our Own: A Method for Reducing Breast Radiation Exposure in Healthcare Workers. 保护我们自己：减少医护人员乳房辐射暴露的方法》（Protecting Our Own: A Method for Reducing Breast Radiation Exposure in Healthcare Workers）。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Health physics Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001832

Lauren Zammerilla Westcott, Gerald O Ogola, Chet R Rees

{"title":"Protecting Our Own: A Method for Reducing Breast Radiation Exposure in Healthcare Workers.","authors":"Lauren Zammerilla Westcott, Gerald O Ogola, Chet R Rees","doi":"10.1097/HP.0000000000001832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000001832","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Standard lead aprons do not protect the female breast adequately from radiation exposure, which has been associated with breast cancer in healthcare workers. A novel lead shield was designed to reduce radiation to the breast, axilla, and thyroid (BAT). A procedure room was simulated with an anthropomorphic phantom representing the operator. Dosimeters were positioned on the outer quadrant of each breast, the chest, the thyroid, and deep inside of a phantom acrylic female torso with neck and head. Standard lead vest plus a thyroid shield was used as control and compared to standard lead vest plus BAT shield. Three operator and two image receptor positions were tested. The reductions in radiation exposure were calculated. The standard vest plus BAT shield provided significant reductions in radiation exposure for all anatomic locations compared to control. When averaging all operator positions, the BAT provided reductions of 91% (p < 0.0001) for near breast. Reductions for far breast, chest, thyroid, and deep tissues were 76% (p = 0.016), 94% (p < 0.0001), 52% (p = 0.026), and 60% (p = 0.004). With operator 90° to the table using a cross-table lateral beam, the BAT provided a 97.7% reduction in radiation to the near breast and significant reduction in radiation to the chest, thyroid, and deep tissues. The BAT shield reduces radiation exposure to the breast, chest, thyroid and deep hematopoietic tissues. Such shields could benefit healthcare workers to reduce the risk of breast cancer and other radiation-associated cancers.","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neutron Activation Analysis Based on AB-BNCT Treatment Room. 基于 AB-BNCT 治疗室的中子活化分析。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Health physics Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001819

Yunzhu Cai, Shaoxian Gu, Ningyu Wang, Fengjie Cui, Wei Liu, Tianhang Li, Zhangwen Wu, Chengjun Gou

{"title":"Neutron Activation Analysis Based on AB-BNCT Treatment Room.","authors":"Yunzhu Cai, Shaoxian Gu, Ningyu Wang, Fengjie Cui, Wei Liu, Tianhang Li, Zhangwen Wu, Chengjun Gou","doi":"10.1097/hp.0000000000001819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hp.0000000000001819","url":null,"abstract":"Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an ideal binary targeted radiotherapy for treating refractory tumors. An accelerator-based BNCT (AB-BNCT) neutron source has attracted more and more attention due to its advantages such as higher neutron yield in the keV energy region, less gamma radiation, and higher safety. In addition to 10B, neutrons also react with other elements in the treatment room during BNCT to produce many activation products. Due to the long half-life of some activation products, there will be residual radiation after the end of treatment and the shutdown of the accelerator, which has adverse effects on radiation workers. Therefore, the ambient dose equivalent rate in the treatment room needs to be evaluated. The AB-BNCT neutron source model proposed by Li is studied in this paper. Based on the Monte Carlo method, the Geant4 platform was used to simulate the dose induced by radionuclides near the Beam Shaping Assembly (BSA) of the source. It is concluded that the concrete wall contributed the most to the radiation dose. The dose rate of 2.45 μSv h-1 after 13 min of shutdown meets the dose rate limit of 2.5 μSv h-1, at which point it is safe for workers to enter the treatment room area.","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140832757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Consequences of Violating Conditions of Counting Statistics Are Not Severe When Measuring Radon Progeny Concentrations with the Thomas and Kusnetz Methods. 用托马斯法和库斯奈兹法测量氡子体浓度时，违反计数统计条件的后果并不严重。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Health physics Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001817

Phillip H Jenkins

{"title":"Consequences of Violating Conditions of Counting Statistics Are Not Severe When Measuring Radon Progeny Concentrations with the Thomas and Kusnetz Methods.","authors":"Phillip H Jenkins","doi":"10.1097/hp.0000000000001817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hp.0000000000001817","url":null,"abstract":"When analyzing samples of radon progeny using the Thomas or Kusnetz methods, we violate one of the conditions of counting statistics because we use counting times that are not short compared with the half-lives of the radionuclides. The result is that we overestimate the uncertainties of the counts if we use counting statistics without correction. In this work, I describe the method by which I adjusted the values of variance of the counts theoretically to values that are more accurate and calculated the amounts by which I overestimate the values of counting uncertainty by using counting statistics without correction. These values are surprisingly small: 4-5% for the Thomas method and 2-3% for the Kusnetz method. Now, I can correct uncertainty values of radon progeny measurements if it is appropriate to do so. The detailed calculations I present here may be used for determining corrections to the counting uncertainty for a method for measuring radon progeny concentration using different sampling and/or counting times than those described here. Further, they may be used for any sample, not necessarily radon progeny, that requires a long counting time to acquire a significant number of observed counts.","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140614564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why This Special Issue? 为什么要出版这期特刊？

IF 2.2 4区医学

Health physics Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001825

Mike Mahathy

引用次数: 0

Science-informed Policy Making for Protecting People and the Environment from Radiation. 以科学为依据制定保护人类和环境免受辐射影响的政策。

IF 2.2 4区医学

Health physics Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001831

David Borrego, Jonathan S Nagata, Michael A Boyd, Sara D DeCair, Lauren R Matakas, Ellen W Wang, David J Pawel, Armin J Ansari

{"title":"Science-informed Policy Making for Protecting People and the Environment from Radiation.","authors":"David Borrego, Jonathan S Nagata, Michael A Boyd, Sara D DeCair, Lauren R Matakas, Ellen W Wang, David J Pawel, Armin J Ansari","doi":"10.1097/hp.0000000000001831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hp.0000000000001831","url":null,"abstract":"The process to arrive at the radiation protection practices of today to protect workers, patients, and the public, including sensitive populations, has been a long and deliberative one. This paper presents an overview of the US Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA) responsibility in protecting human health and the environment from unnecessary exposure to radiation. The origins of this responsibility can be traced back to early efforts, a century ago, to protect workers from x rays and radium. The system of radiation protection we employ today is robust and informed by the latest scientific consensus. It has helped reduce or eliminate unnecessary exposures to workers, patients, and the public while enabling the safe and beneficial uses of radiation and radioactive material in diverse areas such as energy, medicine, research, and space exploration. Periodic reviews and analyses of research on health effects of radiation by scientific bodies such as the National Academy of Sciences, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, and the International Commission on Radiological Protection continue to inform radiation protection practices while new scientific information is gathered. As a public health agency, US EPA is keenly interested in research findings that can better elucidate the effects of exposure to low doses and low dose rates of radiation as applicable to protection of diverse populations from various sources of exposure. Professional organizations such as the Health Physics Society can provide radiation protection practitioners with continuing education programs on the state of the science and describe the key underpinnings of the system of radiological protection. Such efforts will help equip and prepare radiation protection professionals to more effectively communicate radiation health information with their stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Society and Nuclear Energy: What Is the Role for Radiological Protection? 社会与核能：辐射防护的作用是什么？

IF 2.2 4区医学

Health physics Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001795

Wade Allison

{"title":"Society and Nuclear Energy: What Is the Role for Radiological Protection?","authors":"Wade Allison","doi":"10.1097/hp.0000000000001795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hp.0000000000001795","url":null,"abstract":"The harm that society expects from ionizing radiation does not match experience. Evidently there is some basic error in this assumption. A reconsideration based on scientific principles shows how simple misunderstandings have exaggerated dangers. The consequences for society are far-reaching. The immediate impact of ionizing radiation on living tissue is destructive. However, this oxidative damage is similar to that produced during normal metabolic activity where the subsequent biological reaction is not only protective but also stimulates enhanced protection. This adaptation means that the response to oxidative damage depends on past experience. Similarly, social reaction to a radiological accident depends on the regulations and attitudes generated by the perception of previous instances. These shape whether nuclear technology and ionizing radiation are viewed as beneficial or as matters to avoid. Evidence of the spurious damage to society caused by such persistent fear in the second half of the 20th century suggests that these laws and attitudes should be rebased on evidence. The three stages of radiological impact-the initial physical damage, the subsequent biological response, and the personal and social reaction-call on quite different logic and understanding. When these are confused, they lead to regulations and public policy decisions that are often inept, dangerous, and expensive. One example is when the mathematical rigor of physics, appropriate to the immediate impact, is misapplied to the adaptive behavior of biology. Another, the tortured historical reputation of nuclear technology, is misinterpreted as justifying a radiological protection policy of extreme caution.Specialized education and closed groups of experts tend to lock in interdisciplinary misperceptions. In the case of nuclear technology, the resulting lack of independent political confidence endangers the adoption of nuclear power as the replacement for fossil fuels. In the long term, nuclear energy is the only viable source of large-scale primary energy, but this requires a re-working of public understanding.","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protracted Exposure to a Sub-background Radiation Environment Negatively Impacts the Anhydrobiotic Recovery of Desiccated Yeast Sentinels. 长期暴露于亚背景辐射环境会对脱水酵母哨兵的无水生物恢复产生负面影响

IF 2.2 4区医学

Health physics Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001804

Michel R Lapointe, Taylor Laframboise, Jake Pirkkanen, T C Tai, Simon J Lees, Sergio R Santa Maria, Sujeenthar Tharmalingam, Douglas R Boreham, Christopher Thome

{"title":"Protracted Exposure to a Sub-background Radiation Environment Negatively Impacts the Anhydrobiotic Recovery of Desiccated Yeast Sentinels.","authors":"Michel R Lapointe, Taylor Laframboise, Jake Pirkkanen, T C Tai, Simon J Lees, Sergio R Santa Maria, Sujeenthar Tharmalingam, Douglas R Boreham, Christopher Thome","doi":"10.1097/hp.0000000000001804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/hp.0000000000001804","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments that examine the impacts of subnatural background radiation exposure provide a unique approach to studying the biological effects of low-dose radiation. These experiments often need to be conducted in deep underground laboratories in order to filter surface-level cosmic radiation. This presents some logistical challenges in experimental design and necessitates a model organism with minimal maintenance. As such, desiccated yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is an ideal model system for these investigations. This study aimed to determine the impact of prolonged sub-background radiation exposure in anhydrobiotic (desiccated) yeast at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Two yeast strains were used: a normal wild type and an isogenic recombinational repair-deficient rad51 knockout strain (rad51Δ). Desiccated yeast samples were stored in the normal background surface control laboratory (68.0 nGy h-1) and in the sub-background environment within SNOLAB (10.1 nGy h-1) for up to 48 wk. Post-rehydration survival, growth rate, and metabolic activity were assessed at multiple time points. Survival in the sub-background environment was significantly reduced by a factor of 1.39 and 2.67 in the wild type and rad51∆ strains, respectively. Post-rehydration metabolic activity measured via alamarBlue reduction remained unchanged in the wild type strain but was 26% lower in the sub-background rad51∆ strain. These results demonstrate that removing natural background radiation negatively impacts the survival and metabolism of desiccated yeast, highlighting the potential importance of natural radiation exposure in maintaining homeostasis of living organisms.","PeriodicalId":12976,"journal":{"name":"Health physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0