Health Security最新文献

{"title":"US Public School Operations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Roberto Henry, Megan E Collins, Katherine A Connor, Gigi Kwik Gronvall, Tara Kirk Sell","doi":"10.1177/23265094261475505","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261475505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic forced the sudden closure of schools and a transition to remote learning across the United States. The suspension of in-person education not only altered the delivery of education for millions of students, but it effectively separated many students from vital services and functions that supported their ability to learn and develop. Given the unique role that schools play in educating children and young adults, as well as providing important nonacademic services, their closures led to disruptions in learning, added familial responsibilities, and reduced access to critical social services for students. The reopening of schools for in-person learning or the continuation of remote learning during a public health emergency requires careful planning and consideration to not only ensure the health and safety of students and staff, but also ensure equitable continuation of education and access to nonacademic services. We conducted a scoping review to identify and characterize the literature related to the implementation and impact of interventions and policies used to operate K-12 public schools in the United States during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through thematic analysis, we found that masking, ventilation, physical distancing, testing, contact tracing, quarantine and isolation, and vaccination interventions allowed schools to safely conduct in-person learning during the pandemic. Findings from the literature suggest that there are suitable mitigation measures that allowed for the safe operation of public schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. The effective implementation of these measures required adequate resources, leadership commitment, and community buy-in.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"311-321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regarding \"Harnessing Machine Learning for Agnostic Biodetection\".","authors":"Jun Norkaew, Schawanya K Rattanapitoon, Nathkapach K Rattanapitoon","doi":"10.1177/23265094261461839","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261461839","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"359-360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding Contracting Authorities Across the Department of Health and Human Services Family of Agencies to Address Critical Public Health Needs.","authors":"Debra Zides, Sutyajeet Soneja","doi":"10.1177/23265094261464012","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261464012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Increasing Community Access to Testing (ICATT) program rapidly expanded no-cost COVID-19 testing through commercial pharmacies in 2021, prioritizing rural and high Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) communities. Using public health emergency (PHE) authorities and Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) waivers, ICATT achieved its initial goal of 10,000 sites. However, a subsequent shift to FAR-based competitive contracting without waivers limited participation by key retail vendors, leading to the discontinuation of over 1,700 testing sites and constraining further expansion to a 20,000-site target. This case highlights structural limitations in Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) contracting authorities that hinder rapid scaling of medical countermeasure (MCM) services during emergencies. Specifically, limited statutory access to Other Transaction Authorities (OTAs)-flexible contracting mechanisms exempt from standard federal procurement requirements-restricted ICATT's ability to engage nontraditional vendors with extensive community reach. Existing OTA authorities within HHS are largely confined to product development (eg, vaccines, therapeutics) and do not adequately encompass service delivery models such as diagnostic testing. Expanding OTA authority across HHS agencies and broadening its scope to include MCM services could address these gaps. Drawing on precedents from the US Department of Defense, enhanced OTA use would enable more agile partnerships, reduce administrative barriers, and support rapid prototyping and scale-up of public health interventions. Key policy recommendations include congressional action to extend OTA applicability across HHS and to explicitly authorize their use for service-based public health responses, alongside investments in workforce capacity and acquisition policy development. Strengthening HHS contracting flexibility is critical to ensuring equitable access to essential services and improving responsiveness in future public health emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"355-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Parmedics in Addressing the Health Insecurity of Older Adults in Humanitarian Emergencies: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Megan De Silva, Lloyd Denzil Christopher, Aidan Peters, Navindhra Naidoo","doi":"10.1177/23265094261471386","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261471386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Older adults are disproportionately exposed to greater risk of harm and adverse outcomes in humanitarian emergencies. This systematic review explores and evaluates contemporary evidence on the role of paramedics in responding to humanitarian emergencies, with a specific focus on their ability to reduce the vulnerability potential for older adults. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken using Joanna Briggs Institute evidence summary and PRISMA guidelines. From an initial yield of 4,440 results, 16 sources of evidence met the criteria for inclusion and data extraction. Predominantly North American, the literature confirmed that older adults experience disproportionate and complex vulnerability in humanitarian emergencies. As frontline healthcare workers, paramedics are uniquely positioned to respond to community and individual vulnerability before, during, and after emergency exposure, but they experience significant impediments to optimizing practice. There is an unmet professional need to improve paramedic's capacity to address older adults' vulnerabilities and to enhance their rights to healthcare, personal protection, and health and social security. This review provides key recommendations for reconceptualizing the duty of care and improving the capacity of paramedics to respond to the vulnerabilities of older adults manifested by humanitarian emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"293-301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing and Maintaining a Safety Training Program at Scientific Institutions.","authors":"Segaran P Pillai, Cristina M Rodriguez, Marisa J Newcomer","doi":"10.1177/23265094261468220","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261468220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Employers have a legal and ethical responsibility to provide a safe working environment for their employees. Safety training demonstrates a commitment to fulfilling this responsibility, fostering a sense of trust and accountability. Safety training is important for maintaining a safe and healthy work environment, complying with regulations, and promoting overall wellbeing within organizations and communities. A good safety training program has numerous benefits including (1) employee satisfaction, (2) risk mitigation, (3) increasing productivity and efficiency, (4) cost efficiency, and (5) maintaining compliance. Establishing and maintaining a safety training program takes time, personnel, and resources. Some key factors in a safety training program include (1) assessing safety training needs, (2) developing a life cycle and process of safety training, (3) determining tools needed to develop a safety training program, and (4) continually improving the program at an institution. A safety training program includes having a mechanism to identify and document hazards in the workplace, creating a training curriculum aligned to those hazards, and having the appropriate personnel, processes, resources, and tools in place to develop and administer training. Leadership, engagement, participation, support, and investment in the program are of critical importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"345-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Revised Public Health Emergency Preparedness Logic Model Reflecting the European Experience in the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Stefano Guicciardi, Michael A Stoto, Federico Toth, Elena Savoia, Rachael Piltch-Loeb, Chiara Reno, Maria Pia Fantini","doi":"10.1177/23265094261472997","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261472997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2017, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control developed a public health emergency preparedness logic model for European Union, differentiating between capacities (resources and infrastructure) and response capabilities (actions during emergencies). Analysis of the COVID-19 experience suggests that the main features of this logic model, including the 5 high-level categories of capabilities, remain valid. Some changes are needed, however, in 3 areas. In the detection and assessment area, \"laboratory analysis\" was integrated with \"testing\" to better represent their combined role; additionally, \"incident recognition,\" \"epidemiological investigation,\" and \"risk characterization\" were included under the wider definition of \"public health intelligence.\" In the health services area, \"preventive medicine\" was replaced with the more specific capability of \"coordination of preventive, primary care and other outpatient services (population-based medicine).\" In the emergency risk communication area, several capabilities were further clarified such as the use of infodemic management. In addition, the analyses identified 4 overarching issues that must also be consider in preparedness assessments: (1) the need to develop new strategies, approaches, and policies under pressure and to review and revise them as the pandemic evolved; (2) the challenges of implementing an emergency response in the context of a country's internal hierarchical structure of public health, healthcare, and related entities; (3) the need for coordination among the different sections of the healthcare system, particularly hospital and community-based levels; and (4) the challenges of scaling up a country's pandemic response.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"302-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Biosecurity Barriers in High-Risk Biological Research.","authors":"David R Gillum, Randy A Albrecht, Rebecca Caruso, Amanda Craigen, Lesley Decker, Haley L DeMers, Colleen Driskill, Robert Foreman, Deborah Howard, Barbara Johnson, Jens H Kuhn, Yong-Bee Lim, Rebecca L Moritz, Corrie Ntiforo, Luis Alberto Ochoa Carrera, Gregory Park, Christina L Pier, Antony Schwartz, Adrian Self, Megan Shoff, Paul Skoglund, Mary Turlington-Powell, Hsiang-Ming Wang, Kathleen M Vogel","doi":"10.1177/23265094261447176","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261447176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological research, including dual-use research of concern and pathogens with enhanced pandemic potential, faces mounting regulatory scrutiny that may impact pandemic preparedness and scientific progress. At a 2024 deliberative workshop in Reno, Nevada, biosafety professionals, biosecurity experts, and life sciences researchers discussed potential barriers to effective governance, including ambiguous regulatory definitions, resource disparities between regulated institutions, and fragmented oversight frameworks that impose burdens without improving safety or security. By incorporating biosafety professionals' expertise into policymaking, fostering a collaborative dialogue over punitive and inconsistent enforcement, and securing ongoing funding for biosecurity programs, we call for actionable strategies to reduce risk while advancing safe, secure, and transformative biotechnological breakthroughs in the life sciences and strengthening national security.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"278-284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148198834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review of \"Wet Markets\" and Their Risks to Public Health.","authors":"Emma L Willoughby, Min Hyun Maeng, Scott L Greer","doi":"10.1177/23265094261461837","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261461837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Places widely known as \"wet markets\" have been identified as posing a risk to human health, since these food retail spaces are broadly considered to have unhygienic conditions and support the wild animal trade. While costly regulatory interventions into these markets have been proposed, there is little scientific consensus about responsibility for developing evidence about the risks of such markets or conducting surveillance of markets. The aim of this scoping review was to assess the empirical research that has been done using this term, \"wet markets,\" in order to better understand the kinds of knowledge generated about places referred to as \"wet markets\" and to identify relevant policy recommendations related to these spaces. We conducted a scoping review searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases in March 2024 and identified 335 unique articles, 144 of which met inclusion criteria for final review. The majority of studies focused on the prevalence of pathogens in meat from domesticated sources and vegetables. Studies were predominantly conducted in Asia. Notably, this scoping review did not find any empirical studies on the wild animal trade alongside food trade at \"wet markets.\" We did find distinct differences between narratives among Western public health institutions and empirical evidence on food safety and foodborne illness in Asia. Institutions concerned with health security and One Health should consider research designed to improve the evidence base for targeted interventions and strengthen surveillance in order to better respond to risks as well as better grasp their measurable magnitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"203-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Vision to Action: Prioritizing in One Health.","authors":"Sarah J Robinson, Simran Purewal, B Amarachi Ezeocha, Kaylee A Byers","doi":"10.1177/23265094261431477","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261431477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One Health is an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize human, animal, and environmental health by recognizing their interdependence and encouraging collaboration across sectors and disciplines. While progress has been made in applying One Health to complex health issues, putting these strategies into practice remains difficult due to resource (eg, funds), structural (eg, governance) and situational (eg, political) constraints and gaps in infrastructure and capacity. These limitations often force decisionmakers to prioritize certain health issues over others. Prioritization by its nature counters the ethos of One Health, reducing the complexity of health systems to a few key outcome goals or actions. To leverage the strengths of One Health, while recognizing the rigidity of real-world health systems, we propose key considerations and strategies for prioritization within this framework. We advocate for cross-sectoral communication structures that support proactive, collaborative networks. Effective collaboration must extend beyond professional circles to include meaningful engagement with communities, ensuring that local context and lived experience inform decisionmaking. We highlight the importance of multisolving-identifying interventions that provide cobenefits across sectors-and the need for adaptive strategies that address both immediate needs and long-term goals. As we navigate a polycrisis of health threats (such as pathogens) and threat multipliers (such as climate change and antimicrobial resistance), embracing flexibility and adaptive thinking is essential for translating One Health ideals into practical applications that are feasible, politically viable, and socially relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"223-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147769885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognizing Bioterrorism-Related Acute Illness in Clinical Practice: An Urgent Research Priority.","authors":"Richard C Armitage","doi":"10.1177/23265094261447153","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23265094261447153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":" ","pages":"285-286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}