High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Blood Pressure Variability (BPV): What Clinicians Need to Know a 2025 Expert Consensus Report Endorsed by the Egyptian Society of Cardiology.","authors":"Nabil Farag, Ahmed Bendary, Ahmed Shawky Elserafy, Ahmed Tageldien Abdellah, Bassem Zarif, Khaled Y Elnady, Mohamed Seleem Mohamed, Sameh Elkaffas, Marina Tadros, Omar Salem, Sameh Nessim, Sameh M Shaheen","doi":"10.1007/s40292-025-00737-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-025-00737-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood pressure variability (BPV), independent of mean BP, is an emerging predictor of cardiovascular risk and hypertension-mediated organ damage. However, its clinical utility remains limited due to the lack of clear guideline recommendations, leading to variability in physician practices. Using the modified Delphi method, this is the first Egyptian consensus to provide expert recommendations for integrating BPV in Egypt's resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"511-521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Risk Reclassification in Patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.","authors":"Albertina M Ghelfi, Rosana Quintana, Lautaro L Velez, Leonel A Berbotto, Romina Nieto, Boris Kisluk, Jorge O Galindez, Guillermo A Berbotto","doi":"10.1007/s40292-025-00728-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-025-00728-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) increase the risk of early subclinical vascular damage such as arterial stiffness (AS), which is associated with cardiovascular events. It remains unclear whether this also occurs during clinical remission or low disease activity (CR/LDA).</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We aimed to evaluate carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) in ARD-patients in CR/LDA and to compare them with a control group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in Argentina (2022-2023). Group 1: ARD subjects in CR/LDA, without systemic organ involvement, office blood pressure (BP) <140/90 mmHg, and low 10-year cardiovascular risk (CVR) <5% according to WHO's calculator. Group 2: healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Exclusion criteria: </strong>associated clinical conditions, evidence of target organ damage, presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and use of antihypertensives, statins, or aspirin. cf-PWV was measured using the Aortic device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 97 subjects were included: 48 ARD and 49 controls. Among those with high-normal BP: Group 1 showed higher cf-PWV (6.81±1.14 vs. 5.98±0.82 m/s, p<0.0001) and more AS (22/48 vs. 2/49, p<0.0001). In a sub-analysis restricted to subjects with normal-BP: Group 1 also showed higher cf-PWV and more AS (6.57±1.09 vs. 5.84±0.65 m/s, p=0.005; 14/36 vs. 0/37, p<0.0001). Among ARD patients the frequency of AS was 45.8% with high-normal BP and 38.8% with normal BP. Multivariate analysis showed that ARD and diastolic BP were independently associated with AS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ARD patients in CR/LDA even with traditional low-CVR showed higher cf-PWV.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"439-450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Cardiovascular Modifiable Risk Factors in a Corporate Wellness Program: A Case Study of Occupational Cardiology in the Ferrari Company.","authors":"Stefano Palermi, Marco Vecchiato, Sara Brusiani, Lorena De Martino, Mariarosaria De Luca, Fredrick Fernando, Elena Cavarretta, Josef Niebauer, Massimo Volpe, Alessandro Biffi","doi":"10.1007/s40292-025-00722-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-025-00722-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and preventive strategies are increasingly focusing on early detection and management of risk factors. Corporate Wellness Programs (CWPs) in workplaces play a crucial role in the primary prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, especially for early CV modifiable risk detection and management in apparently healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study explores the prevalence and age-related distribution of CV modifiable risk factors in a large cohort of Ferrari car manufacturer employees evaluated through a CWP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 1992 employees participating for the first time in the \"Ferrari Formula Benessere\" CWP in Maranello, Italy, throughout 2023. The program included a comprehensive medical evaluation, personal and family history, anthropometric measurements, blood testing, and blood pressure evaluation. Data on demographic characteristics, health behaviors, and CV modifiable risk factors were collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants were males (82%), with a mean age of 40 ± 9 years. Findings revealed a notable prevalence of CV modifiable risk factors: 17.3% were active smokers, 43.2% reported physical inactivity, 34.8% were classified as overweight (body mass index ≥ 25), and 7.7% as obese. Early screening identified a significant proportion of employees with elevated CV risk according to the SCORE2 algorithm: 39% were categorized as having a high CV risk and 2% at a very high CV risk. In addition, 6.4% had impaired fasting glycemia (100-125 mg/dL), 3.8% had dyslipidemia and 6.8% had high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 140-159 mmHg): almost none of them (98%) were on treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The \"Ferrari Formula Benessere\" identified a wide range of CV modifiable risk factors in a cohort of apparently healthy employees, not routinely screened, highlighting the essential role of CWPs in the early detection and management of CV health risks. These findings underscore the importance of integrating regular health assessments into corporate wellness strategies to mitigate CV risk and promote overall employee well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"397-408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women HEalth and PREgnancy Complications (HER): a physician-based Survey on Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy of the Italian Society of Hypertension (SIIA).","authors":"Federica Piani, Marialuisa Sveva Marozzi, Alessandro Maloberti, Francesco Spannella, Valeria Visco, Lorenzo Annesi, Sebastiano Cicco, Claudio Borghi, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Agostino Virdis","doi":"10.1007/s40292-025-00729-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-025-00729-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Management of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) remains challenging, with various healthcare providers involved and no uniform approach with variability in medications, monitoring, and intervention timing reflecting gaps in research.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate Italian physicians' knowledge on the topic and examine their clinical practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected multi-regional data from Italian experts on Hypertension and Gynecologists. The survey consisted of 18 multiple choice questions. Questions involved patient access pathways for suspected HDP, diagnostic assessments, first- and second-line therapies, follow-up visits modalities, and postpartum recommendations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-hundred and ten experts on hypertension and 31 gynecologists from third-referral centers of 16 over 20 Italian Regions participated in the survey. Only 27.7% of participants were aware of the actual risk of developing preeclampsia in women with chronic hypertension, and only one over two was aware of all long-term risks of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension specialists were in charge of the first antihypertensive prescription in less than 10% of HDP cases. Most common first-line agent was nifedipine and second-line agent nifedipine or methyldopa. Adding a second agent was slightly preferred over the use of maximum dosage of the first agent; 72.6% declared choosing the medication based on maternal hemodynamic profile. Consistent involvement of Hypertension Centers during both pregnancy and postpartum was reported only by 56.7% of physicians.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The survey revealed significant gaps in awareness and management practices for women with HDP.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"451-461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the Teach-Back Method on Patients Engagement with Digital Technology in Hypertension Management: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Debora Rosa, Giulia Villa, Ilaria Marcomini, Elisa Nardin, Enrico Gianfranceschi, Andrea Faini, Martino F Pengo, Grzegorz Bilo, Alessandro Croce, Gianfranco Parati, Duilio Fiorenzo Manara","doi":"10.1007/s40292-025-00731-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-025-00731-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The teach-back method is an effective strategy for enhancing patient engagement in chronic disease management. However, no studies have explored the impact of combining this educational approach with wearable devices on patient engagement in hypertension management.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a teach-back-based educational approach in promoting engagement with wearable devices among patients with hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A longitudinal study was conducted. The study included 76 patients and included three phases. In the first phase (T0), patients received training about the use of two wearable technology devices through the teach-back method. Immediately afterward, participants completed the TWente Engagement with E-health Technologies Scale (TWEETS) to measure engagement at T0. Patient engagement was reassessed at 6 (T1) and 12 weeks (T2) after the educational training. A repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to compare the mean scores across the three phases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The statistical analysis revealed no significant change in the TWEETS score between T0 and T1 (p = 0.42). However, the score significantly decreased at T2 compared to the previous two time points (p < 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that the teach-back method is effective for maintaining patient engagement in the short to medium term. However, its impact appears to decrease over time. Nurses can use the teach-back method to support education and enhance engagement with digital technology among hypertensive patients. Further research is needed to explore whether combining teach-back with additional strategies, such as gamification, telemedicine, remote monitoring, or peer support, can help sustain long-term patient engagement with digital health technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"431-438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Echocardiographic Predictors of Rapid Progression in Moderate Aortic Stenosis: a Multi-center Prospective Cohort Study of 650 Patients.","authors":"Matteo di Santis, Zeyad Hossam Atta Khalil, Chen Wei-Liang, Hesham Mouhamed, Samuel J Whitmore, Amira L Novak, Fatima Al-Mansouri, Rafael O Mendieta","doi":"10.1007/s40292-025-00723-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-025-00723-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Moderate aortic stenosis (AS) has traditionally been considered a stable condition, but recent evidence suggests that some patients progress rapidly to severe AS, leading to earlier symptom onset and worse outcomes. Current guidelines primarily focus on severe AS, leaving a gap in risk stratification for moderate cases. This study aims to identify echocardiographic and clinical predictors of rapid progression in moderate AS to refine patient selection for closer monitoring and early intervention.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To identify clinical, echocardiographic, and imaging predictors of progression in moderate aortic stenosis, with particular focus on diastolic function, ΔV/Δt, myocardial fibrosis, and the impact of comorbidities and medical therapy on disease trajectory.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, multi-center cohort study enrolled 650 patients with moderate AS (AVA 1.0-1.5 cm², mean gradient 20-39 mmHg) across 10 cardiovascular centers in the Middle East between Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia (2021-2024). Patients with prior valve interventions, severe comorbidities, or poor echocardiographic windows were excluded. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed at baseline and every six months to assess GLS, peak aortic jet velocity acceleration (ΔV/Δt), diastolic dysfunction, and aortic calcification (Agatston score in 300 patients). NT-proBNP and hs-Troponin T were measured at baseline and follow-up. Moreover, a pre-specified sub-study investigated the association between specific genetic polymorphisms and medication response in a subset of 87 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 24 months, 31% of patients exhibited rapid AS progression. Independent predictors included GLS > - 16% (OR 3.2, p < 0.001), ΔV/Δt > 350 cm/s² (OR 2.8, p = 0.003), Agatston score > 2000 (HR 4.1, p < 0.001), E/e' > 15 (HR 2.3, p = 0.02), and NT-proBNP > 900 pg/mL (HR 3.0, p = 0.001). Patients with ≥ 3 risk factors had an 8-fold increased risk of rapid progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide novel evidence that GLS impairment, ΔV/Δt, aortic calcification burden, and diastolic dysfunction independently predict rapid AS progression. This supports the need for earlier echocardiographic surveillance and risk-based decision-making in moderate AS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"409-420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Elevated Lipoprotein(a) and Diastolic Dysfunction: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Hesham Sheashaa, Kamal Awad, Arshad Mohammed, Juan M Farina, Mohammed Tiseer Abbas, Milagros Pereyra Pietri, Isabel G Scalia, Nima Baba Ali, Nadera N Bismee, Sogol Attaripour Esfahani, Omar Ibrahim, Fatmaelzahraa Abdelfattah, Ahmed K Mahmoud, Steven J Lester, David Simper, Chadi Ayoub, Reza Arsanjani","doi":"10.1007/s40292-025-00727-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-025-00727-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has been linked to myocardial fibrosis and endothelial dysfunction, proposed mechanisms for diastolic dysfunction (DD). This study assessed the association between elevated Lp(a) (≥ 50 mg/dL) and DD in patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We analyzed 1492 adults (median age59) with an Lp(a) measurement and echocardiogram (1997-2024).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Diastolicdysfunction required ≥ 3 abnormal echo parameters, as per recent guidelines. Logisticregression adjusting for potential confounders was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-sevenpatients (5.1%) had DD. Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL was not associated with DD [adjusted oddsratio (aOR): 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49-1.54]. However, age (aOR:1.03, p = 0.026), hypertension (aOR: 1.83, p = 0.042), diabetes mellitus (aOR: 2.43, p =0.002), and cardiovascular (CV) diseases (aOR: 1.90, p = 0.043) were associated withDD, while statin therapy was associated with reduced risk (aOR: 0.51, p = 0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the setting of preserved EF, Lp(a) was not associated with DD,emphasizing management of traditional CV risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"463-467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Add Life to Years Besides Years to Life\" the Key Role of Prevention to Achieve a Valuable Health Objective.","authors":"Giovanna Gallo, Massimo Fini, Massimo Volpe","doi":"10.1007/s40292-025-00721-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-025-00721-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"369-373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Levels in a Population of Healthy Subjects and its Association with Metabolic Derangement and Cardiac and Carotid Target Organ Damage.","authors":"Sara Pezzini, Chiara Tognola, Ilaria Bassi, Elena Gualini, Beatrice Invernici, Marco Bellomare, Elvira Inglese, Romano Danesi, Cristina Giannattasio, Alessandro Maloberti","doi":"10.1007/s40292-025-00730-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-025-00730-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While vitamin D is primarily recognized for its role in intestinal calcium absorption and bone mineralization, it had numerous extra-skeletal effects also regarding the cardiovascular (CV) systems.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the correlation between vitamin D levels and cardiovascular risk factors and Target Organ Damage (TOD) in a healthy population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 311 healthy participants from a CV risk assessment program at Niguarda Hospital. Medical history, physical exams, Blood Pressure (BP), Body Mass Index (BMI) and laboratory tests (glucose, lipids, creatinine, eGFR) were collected. TOD was evaluated by echocardiography and carotid ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At multivariable models with age, sex and kidney function as covariates, vitamin D was significantly associated with BMI (β=-0.142, p = 0.007), SBP (β=-0.116, p = 0.039), triglycerides (β=-0.239, p < 0.001) and HDL (β = 0.141, p = 0.007). Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency (< 12 ng/mL) was significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia (> 150 mg/dL) with an HR of 5.984 (p < 0.001). No significant association with TOD was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study found that low vitamin D levels are linked to metabolic disturbances, including lower HDL and higher TG, BP, and BMI, but showed no significant association with heart or carotid TOD. One could speculate that in an otherwise healthy population metabolic derangement determined by low vitamin D levels could precede TOD development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"421-430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Concepts for the Estimation of Lifetime Cardiovascular Risk.","authors":"Marco Zuin, Claudio Bilato, Pier Luigi Temporelli","doi":"10.1007/s40292-025-00724-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40292-025-00724-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Over the last two decades, different risk score models, generally assessing the short-term (10-year) risk estimates, have been developed to predict risk and to provide guidance for informed decision-making regarding initiation or intensification of CVD prevention strategies. However, the short-term risk estimation of CVD mortality/morbidity deeply underestimates the lifetime CVD risk, especially in younger age individuals and in women. Moreover, the greatest number of CV events occurs in subjects with low/moderate short-term risk because they are prevalent in the general population. By contrast, estimates of the lifetime risk of CVD may provide a more comprehensive assessment by considering both traditional and non-traditional CV risk factors as well as the potential competing risks, which leads to a more accurate and tailored assessment of the patient's health status. Aim of the present manuscript is to review the latest proposed strategies regarding the estimation of lifetime CV risk and how these strategies may be helpful in daily clinical practice both in primary and secondary prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12890,"journal":{"name":"High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"387-395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}