Gynecological Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of light fasting diet therapy on lipid metabolism and sex hormone levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome combined with infertility.","authors":"Xiaomei Jiang, Yongfeng Wang, Hong Tang, Jin Ma, Heyue Li","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2458084","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2458084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effects of light fasting diet therapy, including flaxseed powder supplementation, on lipid metabolism and sex hormone levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) combined with infertility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 104 PCOS patients with combined infertility were divided into the control group (<i>n</i> = 52) and intervention group (<i>n</i> = 52) using a random number table method. Over a two-month study period, the control group received light fasting diet therapy with rice flour as a placebo, while the intervention group received light fasting diet therapy supplemented with flaxseed powder. Differences in general clinical data, anthropometric indicators, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)) were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After treatment, both groups showed significant reductions in FSH, LH, E2, and P levels compared to baseline (<i>p</i> < .05). In the intervention group, the mean FINS and HOMA-IR levels were significantly lower than those in the control group following 2 months of treatment (<i>p</i> < .05). Furthermore, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Light fasting diet therapy, especially with flaxseed powder, improves obesity, lipid, and glucose metabolism disorders in PCOS patients with infertility. However, longitudinal studies are needed to better understand these associations and assess long-term effects before considering this intervention as a standard clinical recommendation for PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2458084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulated serum levels of kisspeptin, NKB, GABA in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and their association with hormonal profiles.","authors":"Ran Cheng, Ying Zhu, Liu-Qing Yang, Lu Xiao, Xiao-Hong Fang, Qin Zhang","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2463533","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2463533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The clinical study aimed to evaluate the levels of serum kisspeptin, NKB, and GABA in Chinese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and explore their association with hormonal profiles, as well as the relationship between these levels in PCOS patients and controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From December 2022 to December 2023, medical records of 60 individuals diagnosed with PCOS and 32 healthy subjects were obtained. Serum kisspeptin, NKB and GABA levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. To assess the correlation, either Pearson's or Spearman's analytical method was employed between serum kisspeptin, NKB, and GABA levels and hormonal profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that serum kisspeptin and NKB levels were significantly lower in PCOS patients (<i>p</i>﹤.05), while GABA levels were elevated compared to those in the control group (<i>p</i>﹤.05). In PCOS patients, kisspeptin was notably positive-correlated with LH and LH/FSH (<i>p</i>﹤.05), but no significant correlation was found between NKB, GABA, and hormonal profiles. In PCOS, GABA levels had a strong positive correlation with NKB levels (<i>r</i> = 0.613, <i>p</i> = .000), but this was not observed in the control group. In control patients, kisspeptin levels were positively associated with NKB (<i>r</i> = 0.475, <i>p</i> = .011), strongly negatively correlated with GABA levels (<i>r</i> = -0.773, <i>p</i> = .000), but these were not observed in the PCOS group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concluded that patients with PCOS have dysregulated levels of serum kisspeptin, NKB, and GABA and that they may have paradoxical effects under physiological and pathological situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2463533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare deleterious missense mutation in the <i>AXIN2</i> gene in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"Ying Zhang, Yu Chen, Fa-Ying Liu, Jing-Wen Fu, Xian-Xian Liu, Jun Tan, Ou-Ping Huang, Yang Zou","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2463545","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2463545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorders and characterized by polycystic ovary morphology and oligomenorrhea, affecting fertility and health condition of female around the world. The causative factors of PCOS are complex, and genetic structure remains a long-standing medical challenge in genetics. Previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) showed that Wing-less-related integration site (Wnt) signaling is the most affected pathway among PCOS-related risk genes, and genetic mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling may lead to abnormal development of PCOS.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the possibility of axis inhibitor-2 (<i>AXIN2</i>) variants in Chinese women with PCOS and assess their pathogenicities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 365 Chinese women with PCOS and 905 women without PCOS as control were recruited from Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, All of the 11 exons and flanking regions of the <i>AXIN2</i> gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the potential variants were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. The evolutionary conservation analysis of the identified Axin-2 mutant was analyzed among 15 vertebrates from <i>human</i> to <i>zebrafish</i>. The protein structure change was analyzed between the wild-type and mutation-type. The pathogenicity of <i>AXIN2</i> variant was further analyzed in silico.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We totally identified 7 genetic variants of <i>AXIN2</i> in this study, including 4 synonymous and 3 missense. Among them, we find a rare deleterious missense variant [p.R714W (c.2140C > T)]. The allele frequencies of this variant were 0.82% and 0.17% in PCOS cases and matched controls, respectively. And it was ranging from 7.89e-5 to 1.47e-4 in public databases. Fisher's exact test indicated that the allele frequencies in PCOS were <i>p <</i> 0.05 compared to both the controls and the databases. Especially, the mutant amino acid site is highly conserved in vertebrates, while the mutation changed the 714th arginine to tryptophan resulting in significant change in the protein structural of Axin-2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we identified a rare deleterious missense <i>AXIN2</i> mutation [p.R714W (c.2140C > T)] in Chinese women with PCOS, and this mutant is probably pathogenic. This study may provide a new perspective on revealing the genetic variation of PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2463545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced DNMT1 expression associated with TP53 promoter hypomethylation mediate enhanced granulosa cell senescence during ovarian aging.","authors":"Hui Guo, Shu-Hong Pan, Jian Zhao, De-Xian Kong, Cai-Ping Geng, Sui-Bing Miao","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2471549","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2471549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effects of granulose cell (GC) senescence on premature ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure have been extensively examined, the association between GC senescence and ovarian aging remains to be clarified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human and mouse GCs from young/control and old/advanced maternal age (AMA) groups were collected, and GC senescence was determined. The role of the DNMT1-p53 axis in GC senescence during ovarian aging was examined and validated in a KGN cell senescence model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SA-beta-gal-positive GCs were significantly increased in the AMA group, accompanied by activation of the p53-p21 pathway, which was also found in GCs from aged mice and H₂O₂-induced senescent KGN cells. Pyrosequencing methylation analysis revealed that increased expression of p53 was associated with decreased average methylation levels of CpG sites (-1031, -1019, -1012 and -1008) within the <i>P53</i> promoter CpG island in senescenct GCs and KGN cells. We further found that decreased DNA-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression was responsible for the reduced methylation levels of the CpG sites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Decreased DNMT1 with hypomethylation of the CpG sites within the <i>P53</i> promoter CpG island in GCs is involved in ovarian aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2471549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness, burden and treatment of uterine fibroids: a web-based Italian survey.","authors":"Felice Petraglia, Stefano Angioni, Attilio Di Spiezio Sardo, Michele Vignali","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2477499","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2477499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age and one of the leading causes of hysterectomy in Italy. This survey aimed to report how Italian women perceive and approach UFs, in order to raise healthcare professionals (HCPs)', institutions' and women's awareness of UFs and their treatment options. 1508 Italian women aged 30-50 years completed a web-based survey, answering a structured questionnaire focused on UF prevalence, symptomatology and impact, management and awareness. UF self-reported prevalence was 28.8%. Most UF-diagnosed women had symptom(s) before diagnosis (79.0%), and more than a half of UF-diagnosed participants were symptomatic post-diagnosis (55.8%). The most common symptoms after diagnosis were heavy menstrual bleeding (73.1%), dysmenorrhea (50.4%) and pelvic pain (36.8%). UFs negatively affected the quality of life of most symptomatic women, as well as sexuality and employment. Private gynecologists were the key reference HCPs for consultation and UF diagnosis. The most common UF treatments for symptomatic women were surgery (49.2%), followed by oral contraceptives (39.3%). Surgery was also performed for 22.9% of asymptomatic participants. UF-diagnosed participants were not involved in therapeutic choices in 37.6% of cases. Women's knowledge about UFs was mostly superficial (58.7% of all participants), with gynecologists and family/friends as main information sources. Patient-physician communication was rather unsatisfactory, especially about UF therapeutic options and disease impact on sexuality, fertility and lifestyle. This survey highlights that there is still a need to promote patient's knowledge about UFs and empowerment in treatment decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2477499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An open, single center, clinical investigation to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a non-hormonal vaginal moisturizer for the symptomatic treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal woman.","authors":"Manuel Sánchez-Prieto, Nicolás Mendoza, Peter Chedraui, Félix Lugo-Salcedo, Aida Serra-Ribas, Sonia Aladrén-Pérez, Javier Bustos-Santafé, Rafael Sánchez-Borrego","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2500480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2025.2500480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a non-hormonal vaginal moisturizer in alleviating the clinical symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an observational, single center, open label study in which the investigational product was applied to postmenopausal women (<i>n</i> = 36) with VVA symptoms three times per week for a period of 12 weeks. Patient's perception of vaginal discomfort, sexual function improvement assessed with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), quality of life evaluated with the Cervantes-SF scale, and subject's satisfaction with the treatment were evaluated after 4 and 12 weeks of product use. In addition, vaginal health was evaluated with the Vaginal Health Index (VHI) score and the vaginal pH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant decrease was observed in the severity of the most bothersome symptoms from moderate at baseline (mean 2.47 ± 0.55) to mild after 4 weeks (mean 1.33 ± 0.58) and 12 weeks (mean 1.32 ± 0.74, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). VHI scores significantly improved after 4 and 12 weeks compared to baseline (from 11.70 to 16.36 at 4 weeks and 17.34 at 12 weeks, both <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Vaginal pH decreased significantly from a mean pH of 6.27 ± 0.46 at baseline to 5.77 ± 0.59 at 4 weeks and 5.56 ± 0.60 at 12 weeks of treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Total FSFI scores significantly increased, indicating improvement of sexual function, after 4 and then after 12 weeks of product use (Baseline score 20.16 compared to 24.27 at 4 and 23.94 at 12 weeks, both <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Quality of life improved (decrease of total Cervantes-SF scores) after 12 weeks of product use as compared to baseline (Baseline 32.09 vs 26.45, <i>p</i> = 0.0004). At 12 weeks, a 97.5% reported overall satisfaction with the product and no adverse events related to the product were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Through limited size study, the proposed non-hormonal vaginal moisturizer demonstrated being effective and safe for the management of VVA symptoms in postmenopausal women, offering significant improvements in symptom severity, vaginal health, sexual function, and quality of life. There is a need for further research with a larger sample and comparison with other similar products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2500480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between inflammatory biomarkers and gestational diabetes mellitus in women aged 20-44: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2007-2018.","authors":"Jinsheng Li, Qianwen Zhang, Xi Wang, Xin Fu, Lei Chen","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2487492","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2487492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation exerts an essential role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the relationship between peripheral blood inflammatory markers and GDM remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between inflammatory markers and GDM in US adults. Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Five inflammatory markers were derived from complete blood count. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between inflammatory markers and GDM. Restricted cubic splines and subgroup analyses were conducted to validate the stability of the results. Finally, a total of 2363 women aged 20-44 were included based on specific criteria, with 229 self-reported GDM cases (9.69%). The increased lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) was associated with the higher risk of GDM, aOR = 1.82 (CI:1.30-2.56). Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile group of LMR showed a significantly increased risk of GDM, aOR = 2.24 (CI: 1.28-2.85). Conversely, the highest tertile group of systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) was negatively associated with GDM, aOR = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.40-0.94). And high platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) levels are related to a lower risk of GDM. No non-linear relationships were observed. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that the association between LMR, SIRI, and GDM remained consistent with the overall results. Our study indicated that LMR, PLR, and SIRI may be potential predictors of GDM. Further large-scale prospective study is needed to investigate the role of LMR, PLR and SIRI in GDM.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2487492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between lipid metabolism and endometriosis: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Xuanru Yang, Xiaoou Xue, Yuying Zhu, Zhihang Zhang","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2500459","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2500459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To analyze and evaluate the correlation between different lipid metabolism levels and endometriosis. The literatures on lipid metabolism and endometriosis published in databases were searched and collected. The search was conducted up to December 2023. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4.1 software, with odds ratios (ORs) or standardized mean difference (SMD), confidence intervals (CIs), and heterogeneity (I²) being calculated. The literature bias was evaluated by drawing funnel plot. Five hundred and eighty-four literatures were retrieved, and finally, 7 literatures were included in this study. Meta-analysis showed that the level of total cholesterol (TC) in endometriosis groups was higher than control group [SMD = 1.70, 95%CI (0.60-2.80), <i>p</i> = 0.003], while triglyceride (TG) [SMD=-0.24, 95%CI (-0.68-0.21), <i>p</i> = 0.300], low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [SMD = 0.22, 95%CI (-0.34 - 0.78), <i>p</i> = 0.440] and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [SMD = 0.06, 95%CI (-0.14 - 0.25), <i>p</i> = 0.550] was not statistically significant. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the combined effect size results were stable and reliable [SMD = 1.70, 95%CI (0.60-2.80), <i>p</i> = 0.030]. Funnel plot results showed publication bias. Patients with endometriosis have abnormal blood lipid level, and higher TC level may be a risk factor for endometriosis. The impact of blood lipid metabolism on endometriosis may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment prognosis of endometriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2500459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of combined use of probiotics and metformin on metabolic parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"Xia Li, Xuan Peng","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2504980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2025.2504980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study amed to investigate the combined use of probiotics and metformin on metabolic parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 138 patients with PCOS were retrospectively included from January to December 2023 and divided into metformin (<i>n</i> = 70) and probiotics-metformin combination (<i>n</i> = 68) groups based on their clinical treatment regimens. After the three-month intervention, the combination group showed significantly greater improvements compared to the metformin group in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001), insulin levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and adiponectin levels (<i>p</i> = 0.033). The combination group also exhibited more significant reductions in weight (<i>p</i> = 0.006), waist circumference (<i>p</i> = 0.037), hip circumference (<i>p</i> = 0.044), and waist-hip ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.031). No significant differences were observed between the groups in changes to other metabolic parameters, hormonal profiles, inflammatory markers, or quality of life assessments (<i>p</i> > 0.05). This retrospective pilot study suggests that the addition of probiotics to metformin therapy may improve HDL levels, insulin sensitivity, anthropometric measurements, and adiponectin levels compared to metformin alone in patients with PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2504980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of letrozole doses on clinical pregnancy rates in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Yanting Sun, Jun Wang, Guofeng Chen","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2504977","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2504977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, is commonly used for ovulation induction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the effect of different doses of letrozole on pregnancy outcomes remains controversial. This systematic review and network meta‑analysis aims to compare the effects of different doses of letrozole on pregnancy outcomes in PCOS patients. A systematic search was performed in databases such as PubMed, WOS, and Wanfang for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing different doses of letrozole in PCOS patients. The primary outcome was pregnancy outcome. A network meta‑analysis was conducted using Stata 17's network package and the 'netmeta' and 'gemtc' packages in R software. A total of 30 RCTs involving 3663 patients were included, comparing 11 intervention strategies. Compared with 2.5 mg letrozole, 5 mg letrozole (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.47-2.68; <i>p</i> > 0.05), 7.5 mg letrozole (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.17-3.06; <i>p</i> > 0.05), and 7.5 mg letrozole combined with clomiphene (OR = 7.60, 95% CI: 1.33-43.35; <i>p</i> > 0.05) all significantly improved pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, compared with 2.5 mg letrozole combined with human gonadotropin (HMG), 5 mg (OR = 1.12), 7.5 mg (OR = 1.19), and 20 mg (OR = 1.72) letrozole combined with HMG showed improvements in pregnancy rates, though the differences were not statistically significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The lack of unpublished studies and non‑English publications may have introduced publication bias. Letrozole treatment significantly improves pregnancy outcomes in PCOS patients. Moderate‑dose letrozole is recommended as the most effective strategy for improving pregnancy outcomes. Further clinical studies are required to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2504977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}