Gynecological Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of light fasting diet therapy on lipid metabolism and sex hormone levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome combined with infertility.","authors":"Xiaomei Jiang, Yongfeng Wang, Hong Tang, Jin Ma, Heyue Li","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2458084","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2458084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effects of light fasting diet therapy, including flaxseed powder supplementation, on lipid metabolism and sex hormone levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) combined with infertility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 104 PCOS patients with combined infertility were divided into the control group (<i>n</i> = 52) and intervention group (<i>n</i> = 52) using a random number table method. Over a two-month study period, the control group received light fasting diet therapy with rice flour as a placebo, while the intervention group received light fasting diet therapy supplemented with flaxseed powder. Differences in general clinical data, anthropometric indicators, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)) were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After treatment, both groups showed significant reductions in FSH, LH, E2, and P levels compared to baseline (<i>p</i> < .05). In the intervention group, the mean FINS and HOMA-IR levels were significantly lower than those in the control group following 2 months of treatment (<i>p</i> < .05). Furthermore, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to the control group (<i>p</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Light fasting diet therapy, especially with flaxseed powder, improves obesity, lipid, and glucose metabolism disorders in PCOS patients with infertility. However, longitudinal studies are needed to better understand these associations and assess long-term effects before considering this intervention as a standard clinical recommendation for PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2458084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness, burden and treatment of uterine fibroids: a web-based Italian survey.","authors":"Felice Petraglia, Stefano Angioni, Attilio Di Spiezio Sardo, Michele Vignali","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2477499","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2477499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age and one of the leading causes of hysterectomy in Italy. This survey aimed to report how Italian women perceive and approach UFs, in order to raise healthcare professionals (HCPs)', institutions' and women's awareness of UFs and their treatment options. 1508 Italian women aged 30-50 years completed a web-based survey, answering a structured questionnaire focused on UF prevalence, symptomatology and impact, management and awareness. UF self-reported prevalence was 28.8%. Most UF-diagnosed women had symptom(s) before diagnosis (79.0%), and more than a half of UF-diagnosed participants were symptomatic post-diagnosis (55.8%). The most common symptoms after diagnosis were heavy menstrual bleeding (73.1%), dysmenorrhea (50.4%) and pelvic pain (36.8%). UFs negatively affected the quality of life of most symptomatic women, as well as sexuality and employment. Private gynecologists were the key reference HCPs for consultation and UF diagnosis. The most common UF treatments for symptomatic women were surgery (49.2%), followed by oral contraceptives (39.3%). Surgery was also performed for 22.9% of asymptomatic participants. UF-diagnosed participants were not involved in therapeutic choices in 37.6% of cases. Women's knowledge about UFs was mostly superficial (58.7% of all participants), with gynecologists and family/friends as main information sources. Patient-physician communication was rather unsatisfactory, especially about UF therapeutic options and disease impact on sexuality, fertility and lifestyle. This survey highlights that there is still a need to promote patient's knowledge about UFs and empowerment in treatment decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2477499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with menopausal symptoms in southeast Chinese females aged 40-69 years.","authors":"Fei-Xue Wang, Zhou Luo, Yi-Zhou Huang, Yue Zhang, Lin-Juan Ma, Yue-Hong Ding, Yu-Mei Ning, Jie Jiao, Qian Ying, Pei-Ge Song, Ling Xu, Jian-Hong Zhou","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2512832","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2512832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, severity, and associated factors of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged Chinese women. A multicenter, population-based cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 7,485 women aged 40-69 years from Zhejiang Province, China. Data on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Menopausal symptoms were assessed using the modified Kupperman Menopausal Index (mKMI), and multinomial logistic regression models were employed to identify factors linked to menopausal syndrome. The participants had a mean age of 52.4 (±7.3) years, with 46.1% being nonmenopausal and 53.9% postmenopausal. The most common menopausal symptoms were sexual problems (43.6%), insomnia (33.1%), and fatigue (27.5%). Among nonmenopausal women, insomnia was the most prevalent symptom (26.9%), whereas postmenopausal women most frequently reported sexual problems (61.1%). Both the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms significantly increased from nonmenopausal to postmenopausal status (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Significant associations were found between menopausal syndrome and factors such as age, menopausal status, education level, residence, income, passive smoking, physical activity, and occupational toxic exposure (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, Sexual problems are the most bothersome menopausal symptom among females in southeast China. Postmenopausal females experience more prevalent and more severe symptoms. Additionally, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors play a significant role in menopausal syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2512832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An open, single center, clinical investigation to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a non-hormonal vaginal moisturizer for the symptomatic treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal woman.","authors":"Manuel Sánchez-Prieto, Nicolás Mendoza, Peter Chedraui, Félix Lugo-Salcedo, Aida Serra-Ribas, Sonia Aladrén-Pérez, Javier Bustos-Santafé, Rafael Sánchez-Borrego","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2500480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2025.2500480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a non-hormonal vaginal moisturizer in alleviating the clinical symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an observational, single center, open label study in which the investigational product was applied to postmenopausal women (<i>n</i> = 36) with VVA symptoms three times per week for a period of 12 weeks. Patient's perception of vaginal discomfort, sexual function improvement assessed with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), quality of life evaluated with the Cervantes-SF scale, and subject's satisfaction with the treatment were evaluated after 4 and 12 weeks of product use. In addition, vaginal health was evaluated with the Vaginal Health Index (VHI) score and the vaginal pH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant decrease was observed in the severity of the most bothersome symptoms from moderate at baseline (mean 2.47 ± 0.55) to mild after 4 weeks (mean 1.33 ± 0.58) and 12 weeks (mean 1.32 ± 0.74, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). VHI scores significantly improved after 4 and 12 weeks compared to baseline (from 11.70 to 16.36 at 4 weeks and 17.34 at 12 weeks, both <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Vaginal pH decreased significantly from a mean pH of 6.27 ± 0.46 at baseline to 5.77 ± 0.59 at 4 weeks and 5.56 ± 0.60 at 12 weeks of treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Total FSFI scores significantly increased, indicating improvement of sexual function, after 4 and then after 12 weeks of product use (Baseline score 20.16 compared to 24.27 at 4 and 23.94 at 12 weeks, both <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Quality of life improved (decrease of total Cervantes-SF scores) after 12 weeks of product use as compared to baseline (Baseline 32.09 vs 26.45, <i>p</i> = 0.0004). At 12 weeks, a 97.5% reported overall satisfaction with the product and no adverse events related to the product were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Through limited size study, the proposed non-hormonal vaginal moisturizer demonstrated being effective and safe for the management of VVA symptoms in postmenopausal women, offering significant improvements in symptom severity, vaginal health, sexual function, and quality of life. There is a need for further research with a larger sample and comparison with other similar products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2500480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between inflammatory biomarkers and gestational diabetes mellitus in women aged 20-44: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2007-2018.","authors":"Jinsheng Li, Qianwen Zhang, Xi Wang, Xin Fu, Lei Chen","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2487492","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2487492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation exerts an essential role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the relationship between peripheral blood inflammatory markers and GDM remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between inflammatory markers and GDM in US adults. Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Five inflammatory markers were derived from complete blood count. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between inflammatory markers and GDM. Restricted cubic splines and subgroup analyses were conducted to validate the stability of the results. Finally, a total of 2363 women aged 20-44 were included based on specific criteria, with 229 self-reported GDM cases (9.69%). The increased lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) was associated with the higher risk of GDM, aOR = 1.82 (CI:1.30-2.56). Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile group of LMR showed a significantly increased risk of GDM, aOR = 2.24 (CI: 1.28-2.85). Conversely, the highest tertile group of systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) was negatively associated with GDM, aOR = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.40-0.94). And high platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) levels are related to a lower risk of GDM. No non-linear relationships were observed. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that the association between LMR, SIRI, and GDM remained consistent with the overall results. Our study indicated that LMR, PLR, and SIRI may be potential predictors of GDM. Further large-scale prospective study is needed to investigate the role of LMR, PLR and SIRI in GDM.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2487492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between lipid metabolism and endometriosis: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Xuanru Yang, Xiaoou Xue, Yuying Zhu, Zhihang Zhang","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2500459","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2500459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To analyze and evaluate the correlation between different lipid metabolism levels and endometriosis. The literatures on lipid metabolism and endometriosis published in databases were searched and collected. The search was conducted up to December 2023. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4.1 software, with odds ratios (ORs) or standardized mean difference (SMD), confidence intervals (CIs), and heterogeneity (I²) being calculated. The literature bias was evaluated by drawing funnel plot. Five hundred and eighty-four literatures were retrieved, and finally, 7 literatures were included in this study. Meta-analysis showed that the level of total cholesterol (TC) in endometriosis groups was higher than control group [SMD = 1.70, 95%CI (0.60-2.80), <i>p</i> = 0.003], while triglyceride (TG) [SMD=-0.24, 95%CI (-0.68-0.21), <i>p</i> = 0.300], low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [SMD = 0.22, 95%CI (-0.34 - 0.78), <i>p</i> = 0.440] and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [SMD = 0.06, 95%CI (-0.14 - 0.25), <i>p</i> = 0.550] was not statistically significant. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the combined effect size results were stable and reliable [SMD = 1.70, 95%CI (0.60-2.80), <i>p</i> = 0.030]. Funnel plot results showed publication bias. Patients with endometriosis have abnormal blood lipid level, and higher TC level may be a risk factor for endometriosis. The impact of blood lipid metabolism on endometriosis may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment prognosis of endometriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2500459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of combined use of probiotics and metformin on metabolic parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"Xia Li, Xuan Peng","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2504980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2025.2504980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study amed to investigate the combined use of probiotics and metformin on metabolic parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 138 patients with PCOS were retrospectively included from January to December 2023 and divided into metformin (<i>n</i> = 70) and probiotics-metformin combination (<i>n</i> = 68) groups based on their clinical treatment regimens. After the three-month intervention, the combination group showed significantly greater improvements compared to the metformin group in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001), insulin levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and adiponectin levels (<i>p</i> = 0.033). The combination group also exhibited more significant reductions in weight (<i>p</i> = 0.006), waist circumference (<i>p</i> = 0.037), hip circumference (<i>p</i> = 0.044), and waist-hip ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.031). No significant differences were observed between the groups in changes to other metabolic parameters, hormonal profiles, inflammatory markers, or quality of life assessments (<i>p</i> > 0.05). This retrospective pilot study suggests that the addition of probiotics to metformin therapy may improve HDL levels, insulin sensitivity, anthropometric measurements, and adiponectin levels compared to metformin alone in patients with PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2504980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of letrozole doses on clinical pregnancy rates in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Yanting Sun, Jun Wang, Guofeng Chen","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2504977","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2504977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, is commonly used for ovulation induction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the effect of different doses of letrozole on pregnancy outcomes remains controversial. This systematic review and network meta‑analysis aims to compare the effects of different doses of letrozole on pregnancy outcomes in PCOS patients. A systematic search was performed in databases such as PubMed, WOS, and Wanfang for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing different doses of letrozole in PCOS patients. The primary outcome was pregnancy outcome. A network meta‑analysis was conducted using Stata 17's network package and the 'netmeta' and 'gemtc' packages in R software. A total of 30 RCTs involving 3663 patients were included, comparing 11 intervention strategies. Compared with 2.5 mg letrozole, 5 mg letrozole (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.47-2.68; <i>p</i> > 0.05), 7.5 mg letrozole (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.17-3.06; <i>p</i> > 0.05), and 7.5 mg letrozole combined with clomiphene (OR = 7.60, 95% CI: 1.33-43.35; <i>p</i> > 0.05) all significantly improved pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, compared with 2.5 mg letrozole combined with human gonadotropin (HMG), 5 mg (OR = 1.12), 7.5 mg (OR = 1.19), and 20 mg (OR = 1.72) letrozole combined with HMG showed improvements in pregnancy rates, though the differences were not statistically significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The lack of unpublished studies and non‑English publications may have introduced publication bias. Letrozole treatment significantly improves pregnancy outcomes in PCOS patients. Moderate‑dose letrozole is recommended as the most effective strategy for improving pregnancy outcomes. Further clinical studies are required to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2504977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between serum Klotho and all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women: a prospective population-based cohort analysis from NHANES 2007-2016.","authors":"Bo Zhang, Ye Zhang, Tao Wang, Xing Gao","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2512831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2025.2512831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the association between serum Klotho levels and all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women. Utilizing data from 3,448 postmenopausal women in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2016, multivariable-adjusted weighted Cox proportional hazards models were employed. Over a median follow-up of 106 months, 449 deaths occurred. Compared to the second tertile (T 2, 707.3-936.5 pg/mL), the adjusted HRs for all-cause mortality were 1.44 (95% CI: 1.11-1.86, p=0.005) for the first tertile (T 1, <707.3 pg/mL) and 1.31 (95% CI: 0.94-1.83, p=0.112) for the third tertile (T 3, ≥936.5 pg/mL). The restricted cubic spline model revealed an L-shaped association between serum Klotho levels and all-cause mortality, with an inflection point at an ln-transformed Klotho level of 6.638 pg/mL. Our findings suggest an L-shaped relationship between ln-transformed serum Klotho levels and all-cause mortality in postmenopausal women. Further research is needed to validate these results and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. .</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2512831"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GnRH ability to release FSH and LH in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: a retrospective cohort study about women with and without polycystic ovarian morphology.","authors":"Marlene Hager, Antonella Patsch, Sophie Luise Thieme, Geoffroy Robin, Didier Dewailly, Johannes Ott","doi":"10.1080/09513590.2025.2495604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2025.2495604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nearly 50% of women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) reveal polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM), a known risk factor for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. However, gonadotropin releasing hormone-agonist (GnRH-a) triggers are not recommended in FHA, since an inadequate endogenous surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) is expected. We aimed to challenge this concept and evaluated LH levels after GnRH stimulation in FHA-women with and without PCOM. In a retrospective cohort study, 82 women with FHA, who underwent a GnRH stimulation test, were included. Thirty-five women revealed PCOM (42.7%). Twenty minutes after GnRH stimulation, there was an increase of serum LH levels in FHA-PCOM (median basal: 2.7 mIU/mL, IQR 1.1-4.6 versus median stimulated: 13.5 mIU/mL, IQR 7.8-21.6, <i>p <</i> 0.001) and in FHA-nonPCOM patients (median basal: 2.5 mIU/mL, IQR 0.5-3.9 versus median stimulated: 5.7 mIU/mL, IQR 2.4-13.9, <i>p <</i> 0.001). Overall, positive correlations (<i>p <</i> 0.001) were found between basal and stimulated LH levels. In FHA-PCOM patients, 42.9% of patients revealed stimulated LH levels >15 mIU/mL, while this was the case in 19.1% of FHA-nonPCOM patients (<i>p =</i> 0.034). In women with FHA-PCOM, ovulation induction with a GnRH-a trigger might be feasible. Future research should focus on the prediction of an adequate response to GnRH triggers in the IVF setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":12865,"journal":{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2495604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}