Angel Rentería-Gómez, Rubén O. Torres-Ochoa, Pierre Palamini, Raphaël Simonet-Davin, Qian Wang, Jérôme Waser, Jieping Zhu
{"title":"Benzylic C(sp3)−H Azidation: Copper vs Iron Catalysis","authors":"Angel Rentería-Gómez, Rubén O. Torres-Ochoa, Pierre Palamini, Raphaël Simonet-Davin, Qian Wang, Jérôme Waser, Jieping Zhu","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202400004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hlca.202400004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The generation of benzylic radicals through hydrogen atom abstraction (HAT) has been a recent research focus and various C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H bond functionalization protocols have been developed relying on this elementary step. We report herein copper- and iron-catalyzed C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H benzylic azidation reactions using <i>m</i>CPBA and NFSI as oxidant, respectively, and TMSN<sub>3</sub> as azide source. The reaction is thought to be initiated <i>via</i> intermolecular abstraction of benzylic hydrogen by the <i>in situ</i> generated heteroatom-centered radicals. The Fe(OTf)<sub>3</sub>-catalyzed azidation protocol displays good chemoselectivity as it takes place preferentially at the secondary and tertiary benzylic C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H bonds over the primary benzylic and tertiary aliphatic carbons. Efforts on the development of catalytic enantioselective processes are also documented.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"107 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.202400004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lupita S. Aguirre, Levi T. Litwiller, Alexis N. Lugo, Andy A. Thomas
{"title":"Design and Synthesis of Dialkylarylphosphine Urea Ligands and their Application in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions","authors":"Lupita S. Aguirre, Levi T. Litwiller, Alexis N. Lugo, Andy A. Thomas","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202300244","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hlca.202300244","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We describe herein the design and synthesis of a new class of dialkylarylphosphine ligands incorporating a Lewis-basic urea subunit. The ligand synthesis consisted of six linear steps and was enabled by the discovery of a new N-to-N alkyl migration reaction. This new series of dialkylarylphosphine urea ligands were applied in common palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions for the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bonds in moderate to high yields.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"107 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.202300244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139769452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functionalization of Cubane Formation of C−C and C−Heteroatom Bonds","authors":"Tomohiro Yasukawa, Katja S. Håheim, Janine Cossy","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202300200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.202300200","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Functionalized cubanes are attractive scaffolds for medicinal chemists as they are bioisosteres of benzene rings. The replacement of a benzene ring by a cubane, in a bioactive compound, can have a beneficial effect on the biological activity of such compound. Thus, the design of new molecular cubyl building blocks is of importance. In this review, we will focus on the functionalization of cubanes by creating C−C, C−heteroatom bonds e. g. C−N, C−O, C−B, C−P and C−S bonds. Different methods are reported involving organometallics, radicals, and ionic species. Mechanisms are included when relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"107 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.202300200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139739148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yves Aeschi, Thorsten M. Beck, Ulrich Berens, Alexander Ernst
{"title":"A Scalable and Chromatography-Free Synthesis of N,N-Bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-3′,3′,4′,7′-tetramethyl-2′,3′-dihydrospiro[fluorene-9,1′-indene]-2-amine, a new Hole Transport Material for Organic Solar Cells","authors":"Yves Aeschi, Thorsten M. Beck, Ulrich Berens, Alexander Ernst","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202300220","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hlca.202300220","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The title triarylamine <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9<i>H</i>-fluoren-2-yl)-3′,3′,4′,7′-tetramethyl-2′,3′-dihydrospiro[fluorene-9,1′-indene]-2-amine is a new hole transport material for organic solar cells. After investigating different discovery approaches (<i>Schemes 1 + 2</i>), a multi gram-scale synthetic sequence was developed (<i>Scheme 4</i>). The key intermediate 2-bromo-9-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-9<i>H</i>-fluorene was accessible from 2-bromo-9-fluorenone by either the sequence <i>Grignard</i> reaction, Et<sub>3</sub>SiH/BF<sub>3</sub> reduction or by direct arylation of the corresponding 2-bromo-9-fluorenol. Alkylation at C(9) of 2-bromo-9-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-9<i>H</i>-fluorene with methallyl chloride and cyclization by an intramolecular <i>Friedel-Crafts</i> alkylation led to the key building block 2-bromo-3′,3′,4′,7′-tetramethyl-2′,3′-dihydrospiro[fluorene-9,1′-indene] (<i>Scheme 4</i>). A <i>Buchwald-Hartwig</i> coupling was employed (<i>Scheme 3 + 4</i>) for the assembly of the final triarylamines. The developed gram-scale synthesis of the title compound is scalable and chromatography-free with an overall yield >25 % over 5 steps.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"107 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139664746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel Rearrangements of Guaiane Sesquiterpenes","authors":"Paul L. Türtscher, Gerhard Brunner, Andreas Goeke","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202300205","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hlca.202300205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Guaiane sesquiterpenes are an important class of biologically active natural products. Several oxygenated bicyclic but also tricyclic derivatives show unprecedented olfactory activity with great importance in perfumery. Their <i>in vivo</i> syntheses are largely controlled by the intrinsic selectivities of terpene synthases and only a few rearrangements of their hydroazulene skeletons were reported, mostly resulting into terpenoids with decalin motives. Using α-guaiene and bulnesene, complex rearrangements into novel tri and tetracyclic terpenoids are described herein. The cationic rearrangement mechanisms of their formation based on subsequent 1,2-H and alkyl shifts promoted by substoichiometric amounts of ethylaluminum dichloride.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"107 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139578287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and Cell-Based Evaluation of Umifenovir Analogues as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents","authors":"Hiroaki Tanaka, Seiya Miyagi, Tomoko Morita, Hiroaki Ishii, Natsuki Mori, Kaho Oishi, Takemasa Sakaguchi, Toyonobu Usuki","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202300208","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hlca.202300208","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Umifenovir is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent used to treat influenza in China and Russia, and it has been studied as an antiviral agent for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We have previously reported the synthesis of novel umifenovir analogues and their biological evaluation with a focus on their inhibitory activity against the binding of the spike glycoprotein (S-protein) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor; however, no strong inhibitory activity was observed from these analogues. In the present study, an additional set of umifenovir analogues was synthesized with replacement of the substituents at the 2-, 3-, and 4-positions of the indole, and a cell-based assay using SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.1) was performed to examine the antiviral activity of the analogues. We found that one of the newly synthesized umifenovir analogues exhibited antiviral activity and reduced the viral load to 0.06 % as compared to the control when it was assessed in the presence of nafamostat and marimastat, which inhibit cell-surface viral entry. In contrast, when this analogue was evaluated without the addition of nafamostat or marimastat, it exhibited less antiviral activity, suggesting that the umifenovir analogue would exert antiviral activity mainly by inhibiting endosome-mediated viral entry.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"107 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.202300208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing the Metalating Power of ZnEt2 via Formation of an Alkyl/Alkoxide Potassium Zincate","authors":"Jasmin Kocher, Neil R. Judge, Eva Hevia","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202300237","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hlca.202300237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Advancing the use of alkali-metal alkoxides as additives to activate organometallic reagents, here we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel potassium zincate [{(PMDETA)KZn(O<i>t</i>Bu)Et<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>] obtained by co-complexation of equimolar amounts of potassium <i>tert</i>-butoxide, diethyl zinc and the tridentate donor PMDETA (<i>N,N,N’,N’’,N’’</i>-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine). Demonstrating its ability to activate both of the Et groups towards alkyne C−H metalation, this zincate reacts at room temperature with 2 equivalents of phenylacetylene to furnish [(THF)<sub>2</sub>KZn(CCPh)<sub>2</sub>(O<i>t</i>Bu)}<sub>2</sub>], whereas, for the homometallic [ZnEt<sub>2</sub>(TMEDA)] (TMEDA=<i>N,N,N’,N’</i>-tetramethylethylendiamine) only one Et group is reactive towards the same substrate under the same conditions. Investigations on the reactivity of these complexes to undergo N−H amine metalation using 2, 6-diisopropylphenylamine (NH<sub>2</sub>Dipp) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ(H)) as model substrates revealed that while homometallic [ZnEt<sub>2</sub>(TMEDA)] is completely inert towards these amines, heterobimetallic [{(PMDETA)KZn(O<i>t</i>Bu)Et<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>] reacts through one of its Et groups to form [(THF)<sub>2</sub>KZn(O<i>t</i>Bu)(Et)(NHDipp)] as well as [(THF)<sub>4</sub>K<sub>2</sub>Zn(THQ)<sub>4</sub>]. The latter is obtained as a side product of ligand redistribution of a putative [(THF)<sub>n</sub>KZn(O<i>t</i>Bu)(Et)(THQ)] intermediate. An alternative method to access mixed amide/alkoxide potassium zincates is also described by assessing the co-complexation of KO<i>t</i>Bu with Zn(HMDS)<sub>2</sub> in the presence of PMDETA which gave [(PMDETA)KZn(HMDS)<sub>2</sub>(O<i>t</i>Bu)].</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"107 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.202300237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selective Recognition of Aromatic Amino Acids by a Molecular Cleft in Water","authors":"Joël F. Keller, Michal Valášek, Marcel Mayor","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202300221","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hlca.202300221","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of water-soluble hosts for the selective recognition of aromatic amino acids is highly desirable and may serve as a tool to facilitate drug discovery and enable fabrication of sensors for point-of-care monitoring in the context of phenylketonuria disease. This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of a water-soluble molecular cleft which is demonstrated to selectively bind aromatic amino acid guests over other amino acids in aqueous medium, favoring ʟ-Trp over ʟ-Phe and ʟ-Tyr by a factor of approximately five. Host/guest-interaction forces were studied by <sup>1</sup>H-NMR titrations complemented by fluorescence titrations and isothermal titration calorimetry. The here presented results provide a starting point for future optimizations in our efforts to selectively identify and quantify individual aromatic amino acids in aqueous medium.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"107 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.202300221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139439409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joshua Csucker, Nathalie Decrausaz, Sarah Isabella Jäggi, Olivier Blacque, Bernhard Spingler, Roger Alberto
{"title":"Synthesis and Photophysical Evaluation of 3,3’-Nitrogen Bis-Substituted fac-[Re(CO)3(Diimine)Br] Complexes","authors":"Joshua Csucker, Nathalie Decrausaz, Sarah Isabella Jäggi, Olivier Blacque, Bernhard Spingler, Roger Alberto","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202300239","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hlca.202300239","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The preparations, photophysical and electrochemical properties of a series of <i>fac</i>-[Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>(diimine)Br] complexes are presented. The bipyridine (bpy) based diimine ligands feature symmetrical and asymmetrical 3,3’-diamino-2,2’-bipyridine substitution patterns. Photophysical and electrochemical properties of these complexes are tunable, depending on their organic diimine framework. Introduction of a distal urea bridge <i>via</i> the 3,3’-substitution pattern led to prolonged phosphorescence lifetimes without a significant change in absorbance and phosphorescence emission wavelengths. Reversible electrochemical bipyridine reduction remained largely unchanged by this derivatization.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"107 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.202300239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139412242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}