Munib Uddin, Freya Harrison, Florida Koçi, Stephen P. Wren
{"title":"The Preparation of Novel Fluorenes Inspired by Hipposudoric Acid","authors":"Munib Uddin, Freya Harrison, Florida Koçi, Stephen P. Wren","doi":"10.1002/hlca.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance has intensified the need for new antimicrobial therapeutics. Hipposudoric acid and norhipposudoric acid, pigments isolated from the skin secretions of <i>Hippopotamus amphibius</i>, are predicted to exhibit antimicrobial activity, but are limited by intrinsic chemical instability and synthetically demanding access. Herein, we report on the design and synthesis of a series of fluorene-based derivatives loosely inspired by the tricyclic framework of the natural products. Preparation of sixteen novel N-alkylated derivatives was accomplished via a series of concise one-step amide N-alkylation reactions. Reaction outcome was noted to be strongly dependent on electronic activation and steric accessibility of the alkyl halide electrophiles, with adjacent electron-withdrawing groups significantly enhancing the efficiency of the N-alkylation reaction. All synthesized compounds exhibited excellent short-term stability under both solution-phase and solid-state storage conditions. Furthermore, in silico ADME evaluation predicted that the entire library complies with Lipinski's rule of five and possesses favorable predicted drug-like properties, including acceptable predicted gastrointestinal absorption and membrane permeability profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"109 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.70102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jitske M. van Ede, Timothy Páez-Watson, Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht, Martin Pabst
{"title":"Measuring Temporal Variations of Nucleotide Pools in Microbial Granular Biofilm","authors":"Jitske M. van Ede, Timothy Páez-Watson, Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht, Martin Pabst","doi":"10.1002/hlca.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microbial communities often face environmental fluctuations that occur on timescales much shorter than their growth rate or proteome turnover. In such cases, cellular responses are likely driven by rapid changes in metabolite pools, particularly energy nucleotides including ATP, ADP, and AMP. However, robust methods to quantify these metabolites in biofilm-forming microbial communities are lacking. Here, we developed and systematically evaluated a metabolomics workflow for a granular biofilm enrichment, which performs enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). We combined fast quenching in liquid nitrogen and a boiling water extraction, followed by high-resolution mass spectrometry, using porous graphitic carbon chromatography and <sup>13</sup>C-labeled internal reference standards. Among tested procedures, a boiling water extraction was most suitable for extraction of nucleotides, as indicated by stable adenylate energy charge (AEC) and isotopic ratios. The method was exemplified by applying it to an anaerobic–aerobic cycle of a lab-scale EBPR system. Preliminary results showed dynamic changes in AEC and uridylate energy charge (UEC) during acetate uptake and polyphosphate degradation. The established method provides a foundation for performing metabolomic studies of microbial biofilms in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"109 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.70103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diboron-Embedded Heteroacenes With Systematically Varied Central π-Skeletons and Fusion Modes","authors":"Tatsuya Mori, Sebastian Baumert, Gustavo Fernández, Naoya Aizawa, Takuma Yasuda, Shigehiro Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1002/hlca.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diboron-embedded heteroacenes with systematically varied central π-skeletons and fusion modes were synthesized via one-pot cyclative borylation using benzene, thieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]thiophene, or dithieno[3,2-<i>b</i>:2′,3′-<i>d</i>]thiophene cores, affording six derivatives with <i>C</i><sub>2h</sub> or <i>C</i><sub>2v</sub> symmetry. Their photophysical and electrochemical properties, including absorption and emission wavelengths and sequential reduction behavior during cyclic voltammetry, depend primarily on fusion mode rather than π-core size. Single-crystal analysis, in turn, revealed that molecular symmetry governs packing modes, where <i>C</i><sub>2h</sub> derivatives exhibited limited π-overlap due to shielding by mesityl groups on both π-faces, while <i>C</i><sub>2v</sub> derivatives formed efficient π–π stacking with large intermolecular overlap despite the presence of the bulky mesityl groups. Notably, one of the derivatives adopted a uniform columnar structure via continuous π–π stacking, establishing a design principle for solid-state organization in boron-embedded heteroacenes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"109 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.70098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photoinduced Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex-Driven Radical Cascade Strategy Toward Sulfonylated Pyrazolones","authors":"Karan Ramdas Thombare, Alok Bid, Sandip Murarka","doi":"10.1002/hlca.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An efficient visible-light-induced arylsulfonylative radical cascade cyclization of <i>N</i>′-arylidene-<i>N</i>-acryloylhydrazides with diaryliodonium salts and DABSO has been developed, providing straightforward access to structurally diverse arylsulfonylated pyrazolones. The transformation proceeds photocatalyst-free, without external base, and under mild reaction conditions with good functional group tolerance. Mechanistic investigations suggest a possible interaction between diaryliodonium salts and DABSO under visible-light irradiation, potentially facilitating the generation of arylsulfonyl radicals. This work demonstrates the applicability of diaryliodonium salt/DABSO electron donor-acceptor (EDA) chemistry to the efficient synthesis of arylsulfonylated pyrazolones under photoinduced conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"109 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Merlin Hauer, Oliver Fifield, Florian Fricke, Alexandra Seeman, Ian R. Baxendale, Johannes Panten, Andreas Kirschning
{"title":"Flow Synthesis of Muscone-Macrocycles Using the Eschenmoser Rearrangement as a Key Step","authors":"Merlin Hauer, Oliver Fifield, Florian Fricke, Alexandra Seeman, Ian R. Baxendale, Johannes Panten, Andreas Kirschning","doi":"10.1002/hlca.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrazone formation followed by Eschenmoser fragmentation are key steps in the synthesis of muscone-type macrocycles. However, these require long reaction times and typically result in many side reactions leading to complex reaction mixtures requiring extensive separation. In the present work, we report a two-step flow sequence, which telescopes the hydrazone formation with the subsequent Eschenmoser fragmentation. The use of flow processing allowed for a substantially improved sequence with respect to yield and reduction in reaction time. Overall, access to the exaltone precursor can be achieved in 89% and a space-time yield of 6.39 g/(L*h), and the corresponding muscone precursor in a yield of 50% and a space-time yield of 3.81 g/(L*h). These results pave the way to develop efficient industrial processes to muscone and exaltone, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"109 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.70096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jérémy Roudin, Felix J. de Zwart, Christoph J. Kaul, Victor Böttcher, Alexander V. Yakimov, Christophe Copéret
{"title":"Molybdenum-95 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Signatures of Molybdenum–Imido Olefin Metathesis Pre-Catalysts","authors":"Jérémy Roudin, Felix J. de Zwart, Christoph J. Kaul, Victor Böttcher, Alexander V. Yakimov, Christophe Copéret","doi":"10.1002/hlca.70097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Imido ligands strongly influence high-valent molybdenum olefin-metathesis catalysts, yet their electronic impact remains difficult to quantify. Here, a series of Mo(VI)(NAr)Cl<sub>2</sub>(OtBuF<sub>9</sub>)<sub>2</sub> pre-catalysts is investigated by <sup>9</sup><sup>5</sup>Mo NMR spectroscopy, catalytic testing, and DFT calculations. Within the aryl-imido family, electron-withdrawing substituents give more shielded <sup>9</sup><sup>5</sup>Mo isotropic shifts and higher activities in 1-nonene self-metathesis after reduction with 1-methyl-3,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-cyclohexadiene, whereas electron-donating substituents show the opposite trend. Shielding-tensor, natural chemical shielding, and molecular-orbital analyses show that this correlation is mainly encoded in σ<sub>11</sub> through stabilization of the occupied π(Mo═NAr) HOMO, which reduces paramagnetic deshielding. Comparison with oxo and <i>tert</i>-butyl-imido analogues reveals that similar <sup>9</sup><sup>5</sup>Mo shifts can arise from distinct occupied-orbital manifolds, making tensor, and orbital analyses essential for interpreting <sup>9</sup><sup>5</sup>Mo NMR descriptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"109 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.70097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Giorgia Nobile, Shahar Dery, Thomas Maximilian Wurm, Andree Pauschinger, Karsten Seidel, Irene de Wispelaere, Andrei-Nicolae Parvulescu, Christophe Copéret
{"title":"Chlorinated Byproducts in Diisocyanates Synthesis From 35Cl Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance","authors":"Anna Giorgia Nobile, Shahar Dery, Thomas Maximilian Wurm, Andree Pauschinger, Karsten Seidel, Irene de Wispelaere, Andrei-Nicolae Parvulescu, Christophe Copéret","doi":"10.1002/hlca.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chlorinated impurities in industrial diisocyanates production significantly impact product quality and stability, yet their speciation remains an analytical challenge. This study demonstrates that <sup>35</sup>Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy, supported by DFT calculations, provides a powerful framework for identifying byproducts in these processes. We show that NQR frequencies effectively categorize chlorinated species—such as amino hydrochlorides and carbamoyl chlorides—into distinct chemical families, with signal shifts driven by local electronic structure, intermolecular interactions, and conformation. Applied to commercial 4,4'-MDI, this analytic ruler successfully identifies the presence of specific byproducts and establishes <sup>35</sup>Cl NQR as a uniquely sensitive tool for monitoring byproducts and thereby the quality of industrial diisocyanate streams.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"109 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.70095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicola Zanda, Bastien Raison, Pascal Giorgi, Roman Lagoutte, Alec E. Morrison
{"title":"Development of a Continuous-Flow Curtius Rearrangement for the Scalable Preparation of a Protected 3-Aminobicyclo[1.1.1]Pentane-1-carboxylate","authors":"Nicola Zanda, Bastien Raison, Pascal Giorgi, Roman Lagoutte, Alec E. Morrison","doi":"10.1002/hlca.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) derivatives are important motifs in medicinal chemistry as they are three-dimensional bioisosteres of para-substituted arenes. Herein, we describe the development of a safer and more scalable Curtius rearrangement of a BCP monoacid mono-methyl ester under continuous-flow conditions. Optimization of the reaction parameters and a chromatography-free purification protocol enabled isolation of the target protected amino acid in high yield and excellent purity. On extended operation, the process delivered a projected daily productivity of 978 g/day.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"109 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Musical Chemistry and Spectroscopy: Analogies Bridging Two Worlds in Multiple Dimensions","authors":"Ricardo J. Fernández-Terán","doi":"10.1002/hlca.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Music and chemistry are seldom mentioned in the same breath, yet the physical and mathematical principles underpinning both disciplines are deeply intertwined. Here, we explore several points of contact between the two fields, centered on their shared language of frequency, time, and modulation. The analogy between <i>vibrato</i> and the time-dependent frequency fluctuations experienced by molecules in condensed-phase environments is not merely qualitative: both are governed by the same equations of motion for a frequency-modulated oscillator, and their spectral consequences are quantitatively described by the Kubo lineshape model. The ensemble-averaged free induction decay (FID) is the direct spectroscopic analogue of the combined sound of an instrumental section, and its Fourier transform yields the absorption lineshape. Two-dimensional (2D) optical spectroscopies can be understood as tools for <i>reading the molecular score</i>, directly measuring the frequency fluctuation correlation function (FFCF) through the waiting-time evolution of the 2D lineshape. Finally, we discuss how chemical structures have been mapped onto musical compositions, and how NMR FIDs have been used as musical material. These examples illustrate that the relationship between music and chemistry reflects a deeper unity in the way oscillatory phenomena are described and interpreted across both disciplines.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"109 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.70099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Grinco, Olga Morarescu, Alic Barba, Nicon Ungur, Veaceslav Kulcițki
{"title":"A Straightforward Transformation of ent-Trachylobanoic Acid Into Functionalized ent-Kauranes Under Conditions of Modified Prevost–Woodward Reaction","authors":"Marina Grinco, Olga Morarescu, Alic Barba, Nicon Ungur, Veaceslav Kulcițki","doi":"10.1002/hlca.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>ent</i>-Trachylobanoic acid is a readily available pentacyclic diterpenoid that includes a strained cyclopropane ring in its structure which can be used as a synthetic handle toward other biogenetically-related diterpenoids of <i>ent</i>-series. We present in the current paper a selective, one-step transformation of <i>ent</i>-trachylobanoic acid into functionalized derivatives of <i>ent</i>-kauranic structure under the action of a modified Prevost–Woodward reagent in hot acetic acid. Adding a slight excess of water to the reaction mixture brings about the selective formation of 12α-hydroxy-16α-acetoxy-<i>ent</i>-kauran-19-oic acid—a useful intermediate for the synthesis of other C-12 functionalized <i>ent</i>-kauranes. Alkaline treatment of the latter triggers an unusual Grob-like fragmentation toward a <i>seco</i>-kauranic compound.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"109 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148981434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}