{"title":"Iron-Catalyzed C–H Activation/Aza-Annulation with 2-Butyne for Accessing Methylated Aza-Arenes","authors":"Yan Zhang, Rui Shang, Eiichi Nakamura","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202400200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.202400200","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The incorporation of methyl groups into aza-arene frameworks not only often improves their biological activity as the “magic methyl” effect, but also notably affects their solid-state electronic properties by modulating π-π stackings, which makes them promising candidates for developing organic electronic materials. This study focuses on the iron-catalyzed C−H annulation of ketones with 2-butyne via their oxime ethers, offering an efficient pathway to synthesizing methylated π-extended aza-arenes. The reactions utilize isobutyl aluminum(III) catecholate as a base and Triphos (bis(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)phenylphosphine) as a ligand. Reported C−H activation methods using rhodium catalysis proved less effective with π-conjugated substrates. Regioselective C−H aza-annulation with 1-(trimethylsilyl)propyne following desilylation provides also mono-methylated azaarenes. The reactions also generate tetra-methylated aza-arene products by two-fold C−H aza-annulation on chromeno[3,2-<i>a</i>]xanthene-13,14-dione and quinacridone. These methylated aza-arenes exhibit strong π-π stacking, a narrow emission band, and tunable photophysical properties, indicating their potential applications as electronic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"108 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.202400200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joana Erdmann, Richard Kuehl, Mario Morgenstern, Dirk Bumann, Martin Clauss, Nina Khanna, Katharina M. Rentsch
{"title":"Amoxicillin Concentrations in Samples of Musculoskeletal Infections","authors":"Joana Erdmann, Richard Kuehl, Mario Morgenstern, Dirk Bumann, Martin Clauss, Nina Khanna, Katharina M. Rentsch","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202400178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.202400178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Amoxicillin is a frequently used beta-lactam antibiotic and at the same time a fragile analyte. Aim of this work was to investigate the sensitive properties of amoxicillin in biological samples and validate a quantification method for amoxicillin in soft tissue samples. Simple protein precipitation and 2D-High performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used for sample preparation and analysis. The formation of a covalent amoxicillin methanol-adduct could be observed in varying extents depending on matrix and sample preparation method. In-Source Products (ISPs) were investigated in plasma, soft tissue, and water and no differences could be observed. We successfully validated a method for amoxicillin determination in tissue samples using the sum of 2 ISPs of amoxicillin for quantification. 37 study samples of different deep-seated infections could be analyzed. Measured amoxicillin concentrations ranged from below 0.5 mg/kg up to 87 mg/kg. Concentrations in abscesses were lower than in other infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.202400178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emil Karaev, Dorothee Schaffner, Marius Gerlach, Tobias Preitschopf, Patrick Hemberger, Ingo Fischer
{"title":"Threshold Photoelectron Spectrum of 3,4-Dimethylenecyclobutene","authors":"Emil Karaev, Dorothee Schaffner, Marius Gerlach, Tobias Preitschopf, Patrick Hemberger, Ingo Fischer","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202400197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.202400197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report a study on the photoionization of the C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub> isomer 3,4-dimethylenecyclobutene, DMCB. The molecule is an intermediate in the formation of benzene from the propargyl radical self-reaction, a suggested first step in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and soot. From a threshold photoelectron spectrum we determine an adiabatic ionization energy of 8.75 eV. The geometry change upon ionization is associated with considerable vibrational activity, which is assigned to a symmetric in-plane bending mode of the =CH<sub>2</sub> groups. A breakdown diagram shows that the dissociative photoionization resembles the one observed for benzene. Computations reveal that DMCB cation isomerizes to the benzene cation and dissociates from there.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"108 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.202400197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of π-Electron Conjugation on the Chiroptical Properties of Helicene Carbon Nanohoops","authors":"Kovida Kovida, Juraj Malinčík, Tomáš Šolomek","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202400166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.202400166","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We designed, synthesized, and investigated a new chiral carbon nanohoop that formally incorporates a benzothiadiazole and [5]helicene units into the structure of [6]cycloparaphenylene. The connection of these units in the chiral nanohoop is designed to allow for π-electron conjugation between the benzothiadiazole chromophore and the chirality-inducing [5]helicene. We resolved the enantiomers of the highly fluorescent, near-IR light emitting benzothiadiazole helicene nanohoop. Electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy then allowed us to investigate whether the selected molecular design leads to an increase in the lowest singlet excited state delocalization to improve the compound's electronic dissymmetry factor in comparison to the previously studied benzothiadiazole carbon nanohoop with planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane unit with <i>pseudo-meta</i> connection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"108 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.202400166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yong Hua, Daniel Häussinger, Marcel Mayor, Valentin Köhler, Marcel Strauss, Martin F. X. Mauser, Tim Kostersitz, Philipp Geyer, Markus Arndt
{"title":"Neutralization of an Oxytocin Derivative by 355 nm Photocleavage in High Vacuum","authors":"Yong Hua, Daniel Häussinger, Marcel Mayor, Valentin Köhler, Marcel Strauss, Martin F. X. Mauser, Tim Kostersitz, Philipp Geyer, Markus Arndt","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202400167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.202400167","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Controlling the charge state of biomolecules in high vacuum enables experiments in molecular physics and physical chemistry, particularly in applications of mass spectrometry, trapping and cooling, spectroscopy and matter-wave interferometry. Here we investigate the synthesis, verification and gas phase photolysis of nitrodibenzofuranmethyl aryl ether derivatives. These photocages are chosen because their absorption maximum can be tuned to near 355 nm, where intense pulsed laser light is available. We demonstrate efficient gas-phase cleavage of a photoactive nitrodibenzofuranmethyl aryl ether derivative, both free and attached to oxytocin. This enables the neutralization of a polypeptide derivative in high vacuum using a wavelength outside the absorption spectrum of natural amino acids.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.202400167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
František Vavrek, Jindřich Gasior, Jakub Šebera, Michal Valášek, Gábor Mészáros, Magdaléna Hromadová
{"title":"Single Molecule Conductance of Anthraquinone-Based Molecular Wire: Effect of the Anchoring Group","authors":"František Vavrek, Jindřich Gasior, Jakub Šebera, Michal Valášek, Gábor Mészáros, Magdaléna Hromadová","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202400155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.202400155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Functional molecular electronics require molecular design that provides integrity and stability. In this work, we explored two types of single molecule devices differing in anchoring to the conducting leads. Single molecule conductance was measured by STM break junction method and the molecular conductor was composed of the redox active anthraquinone center (switching element) containing either 4-pyridyl or <i>p</i>-phenylene thioacetate anchoring groups. The experimental results were supported by quantum chemical charge transport calculations. Molecular junctions containing 4-pyridyl anchors displayed two stable configurations with conductance values of 4.9 nS and 20 pS, respectively. Molecules anchored via <i>p</i>-phenylene thioacetate groups led to one main junction configuration with conductance of 0.1 nS. Junctions employing 4-pyridyl anchoring groups had higher junction formation probability, which in combination with lower conductance makes them better candidates for switching purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.202400155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tobias Schnitzer, Joseph F. Woods, Nils Trapp, Helma Wennemers
{"title":"A Crystal Structure of an Oligoproline Hexamer with a Zig-zag Arrangement","authors":"Tobias Schnitzer, Joseph F. Woods, Nils Trapp, Helma Wennemers","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202400147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.202400147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oligoprolines adopt the well-defined polyproline II (PPII) helical conformation, even at a short chain length of six residues. These rigid peptides are versatile molecular rulers and scaffolds, yet there has been great difficulty in obtaining single crystals for X-ray crystal structure analysis to probe their conformation in the solid state. Here, we report a crystal structure of an oligoproline hexamer bearing an N-terminal terephthalic acid moiety. Comparison with that of a previously obtained crystal structure of a closely related hexaproline revealed influence of the terminal functional groups and the solvent on the crystal packing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hlca.202400147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annika Matt, Alessandro Prescimone, Daniel Häussinger
{"title":"NMR Investigation of Lanthanoid (III) Complexes of bbppn (H2bbppn: N,N’-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N’-bis(2-methylpyridyl)propylene-1,2-diamine)","authors":"Annika Matt, Alessandro Prescimone, Daniel Häussinger","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202400177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.202400177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pseudocontact shift NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool in integrative structural biology. Conformationally rigid, enantiopure chelators with extremely high affinity to lanthanoids play a crucial role for this technique. In this context, we have synthesized enantiopure complexes of Y, Eu, Dy, Tm and Lu of (<i>S</i>)<i>-</i>H<sub>2</sub>bbppn (H<sub>2</sub>bbppn: <i>N,N’</i>-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-<i>N,N’</i>-bis(2-methylpyridyl)propylene-1,2-diamine) and investigated their NMR properties. Strongly paramagnetic <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectra showing extremely large chemical shift ranges were obtained for Dy (2280 ppm), Tm (380 ppm) and Eu (68 ppm) and the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility was determined in all cases. The axial components of the susceptibility tensors for the (<i>S</i>)-bbppn complexes were determined as 225, −32 and 6×10<sup>−32</sup> m<sup>3</sup> for Dy, Tm and Eu. For (<i>S</i>)-[Y(bbppn)Cl], a single crystal structure was obtained providing atom coordinates for the isostructural series of lanthanoid compounds. It was demonstrated that in all cases rigid, enantiopure lanthanoid complexes were formed, providing an attractive new scaffold for potential conjugatable lanthanoid chelating tags.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"108 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hansjoerg Lehmann, Thomas Ruppen, Susanne Oswald, Ning Ye, Xiangguang Tian, Xingxian Gu, Chunhui Dai, Robin A. Fairhurst
{"title":"Development of a Safe and Efficient Continuous Flow Method for the Synthesis of 3-Difluoromethoxypyridine Derivatives","authors":"Hansjoerg Lehmann, Thomas Ruppen, Susanne Oswald, Ning Ye, Xiangguang Tian, Xingxian Gu, Chunhui Dai, Robin A. Fairhurst","doi":"10.1002/hlca.202400182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.202400182","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of a safe, efficient and scalable continuous-flow-chemistry protocol for the O-difluoromethylation of two 3-hydroxypyridine building blocks is described. This example highlights that continuous flow chemistry has become firmly established within Novartis Biomedical Research, and when implemented appropriately can enable the continuous supply of material from the first realization of a potentially interesting intermediate within a discovery project all the way through to clinical evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12842,"journal":{"name":"Helvetica Chimica Acta","volume":"108 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}