Geological Journal最新文献

{"title":"Cenozoic Lamprophyres From NE Türkiye: New Constraints on Post-Collisional Metasomatism and Alkaline Magma Origin in the Juvenile Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle","authors":"Mehmet Arslan,&nbsp;İrfan Temizel,&nbsp;Lukáš Krmíček,&nbsp;Cem Yücel","doi":"10.1002/gj.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Middle Eocene (~43 Ma) and Late Miocene (~6 Ma) lamprophyres cropping out as sills from NE Türkiye can be classified as alkaline lamprophyres. These lamprophyres exhibit moderate contents of K₂O (2.22–2.59 and 2.58–2.98 wt%), K₂O/Na₂O ratios (0.78–1.14 and 0.62–0.94) and Mg# (40.55–46.32 and 56.93–61.52), respectively, and low concentrations of mantle compatible elements. The lamprophyres also have a moderate to relatively high abundance of rare earth elements (ΣREEs = 140–159 and 547–604 ppm, respectively) with significantly fractionated REE patterns (La_N/Yb_N = 6.82–9.10 and 65.17–71.31, respectively), and are enriched in large-ion lithophile and light REEs but depleted in high-field-strength and heavy REEs. The lamprophyres have homogeneous and moderately low (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i of 0.705048–0.705474 and 0.705252–0.705401, and nearly uniform εNd_(i) values varying from −0.47 to 0.20 and 0.54 to 0.79 and εHf_(i) values varying from 4.51–6.71 and 5.83–6.18, respectively. They also have a narrow and moderately high Δ7/4Pb range of 6.19–15.41 and 10.62–10.88 and Δ8/4Pb range of 49.56–56.14 and 46.86–47.99, respectively. Petrological modelling suggests that the parental magmas of both the Eocene and Miocene lamprophyres were generated by the low-degree partial melting of phlogopite-bearing spinel-garnet and amphibole-bearing garnet lherzolite sources, respectively. By integrating whole-rock trace elements and isotope compositions with regional geological observations, we propose that the post-collisional Middle Eocene and Late Miocene lamprophyres in the Eastern Pontides Orogenic Belt originated from the juvenile subcontinental lithospheric mantle sources metasomatized initially by Neotethyan subduction-related fluids during the Eocene, and subsequently overprinted by delaminated lithosphere-derived carbonate components in the Miocene. The lamprophyres likely record a temporal magmatic response to lithospheric delamination and regional thermal upwelling associated with Eocene extensional tectonics, followed by lithospheric thinning during the Miocene in a post-collisional tectonic setting.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 9","pages":"2787-2811"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Development in Asia: Assessing the Impacts of Tech-Industry, Poverty Alleviation, and Green Energy Technology Adoption on Environmental Pollution","authors":"Asad Amin,&nbsp;Dongsheng Liao,&nbsp;Aadil Hameed Shah,&nbsp;Abbas Ali Chandio,&nbsp;Fayyaz Ahmad","doi":"10.1002/gj.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Environmental pollution has become a critical challenge to sustainable development in Asia, particularly in densely populated countries such as, China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Increasing pollution levels are a threat to the ecosystem and also risk derailing progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG-13. To fill this gap, this study examines the tech-industry (TI, aligned with SDG-9), poverty alleviation (PA, SDG-1), renewable energy consumption (REC, SDG-7), GDP growth rate (GDP_gr), urban population (URB), and environmental pollution (GHG) across these five economies from 1991 to 2022. The CS-ARDL method indicates that tech-industry, poverty alleviation, and renewable energy consumption significantly reduce environmental pollution and play a vital role in the attainment of SDG-13. Further, the reliability of these outcomes was confirmed through various robust methods (MG, AMG, CCEMG, and DK), while the Dumitrescu-Hurlin (DH) causality method outcomes indicate unidirectional causality from REC, PA, TI to GHG emission, whereas bi-directional causality between GDP_gr, UB to GHG. Further, critical findings provide vital policy insight that integrating tech-industry products, poverty alleviation, and renewable energy consumption is crucial to reducing emissions and ensuring environmental sustainability. By aligning with the SDGs, particularly SDG-13, these strategies provide actionable policy insights to effectively mitigate climate change and advance environmental sustainability by 2030.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 9","pages":"2639-2660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of Chert Horizons in the Permian Florence Limestone, Flint Hills, Kansas","authors":"Karin Goldberg,&nbsp;Minindu Mallawa","doi":"10.1002/gj.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ubiquitous chert horizons found in Permian limestones in the Flint Hills, Kansas, confer the rolling-hills topography of the region and have been used by prehistoric communities to make tools. The source of silica and mode of formation of these ‘layers’, however, remained elusive. The integration of fieldwork, petrographic analysis, x-ray diffraction, laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (LA-ICPMS), Raman spectroscopy and oxygen isotopic analysis in the silica-bearing Florence limestone revealed that the chert horizons are coalescing nodules formed during multiple silicification events. Early diagenetic precipitation of opal along burrow pathways was followed by the precipitation of, and replacement by, microquartz, chalcedony and subordinately megaquartz at later stages. The germanium-silica ratios of 0.4 × 10⁶ to 1.25 × 10⁶, obtained for the different silica phases (opal, microquartz, chalcedony and megaquartz), are compatible with a biogenic origin for the silicifying solutions, corroborated by the presence of siliceous bioclasts (sponge spicules and radiolarians) in the limestones. Oxygen isotope data estimated the temperature of precipitation to be between 22°C and 24°C, in agreement with the eogenetic conditions interpreted from the paragenetic relations. The identification of moganite, along with the presence of halite moulds and sulphate nodules in the succession, indicates that evaporitic conditions contributed to silica supersaturation. Silicifying solutions derived from the dissolution of siliceous organisms, augmented by highly evaporative conditions, precipitated initially opal along burrow networks on the Permian seafloor, followed by cementation and replacement by microquartz, chalcedony and finally megaquartz during eogenesis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 9","pages":"2621-2638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upper Cretaceous–Palaeocene Foraminiferal Turnover of Interior Fars Zone: Gurpi and Tarbur Formations, Zagros Basin (Southwest of Iran)","authors":"Massih Afghah,&nbsp;Hajar Mashayekh","doi":"10.1002/gj.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Upper Cretaceous deposits (Gurpi and Tarbur formations) are well exposed in southeast of Shiraz city (SW Iran), in the Ghareh section. The Gurpi Formation mainly consists of cream marly pelagic limestone, green shale, and marls, 175 m thick, which covers Cenomanian shallow-water sediments (Sarvak Formation) unconformably, while the Tarbur Formation is extended 10 m upward to include marly to sandy limestone. The Upper Cretaceous deposits are covered by marl of Sachun Formation (Upper Palaeocene). The Gurpi Formation deposits yielded planktonic foraminifera, while the Tarbur Formation consists of shallow-water biofacies (benthic foraminifera and rudist debris). The stratigraphic distribution of Gurpi Formation planktonic foraminifera confirms the presence of five biozones in the Ghareh section, which are: <i>Globotruncanita elevata</i> Interval Zone, <i>Globotruncana ventricosa</i> Interval Zone, <i>Radotruncana calcarata</i> Total Range Zone, <i>Globotruncana aegyptiaca</i> Interval Zone, and <i>Gansserina gansseri</i> Total Range Zone. The youngest <i>Omphalocyclus macroporus</i> Taxon Range Zone is identified for the Tarbur Formation. According to described Late Cretaceous biozones, the age of the Gurpi Formation is assigned to the Campanian–Lower Maastrichtian, while the Tarbur Formation age is referred to the upper Maastrichtian. The lowermost part of the Sachun Formation consists of the Upper Palaeocene foraminiferal association, which includes <i>Miscellanea minuta</i>, <i>Daviesina iranica</i>, <i>Globoflarina</i> cf. <i>sphaeroidea</i>, and <i>Rotalia trochidiformis</i>. Therefore, the K/Pg boundary is marked by an obvious unconformable contact in the Ghareh section.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 9","pages":"2561-2576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jeffara Fault System: Multi-Geophysical Characterisation and Petroleum System Impact in Southern Tunisia","authors":"Radhouane Khouni,&nbsp;Mohamed Sabri Arfaoui,&nbsp;Wafa Abdelkhalek,&nbsp;Fetheddine Melki","doi":"10.1002/gj.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70105","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The passive margin in South-East Tunisia has preserved key tectonic events related to the opening and closing of the Neotethys oceans, as well as its position south of the Africa–Eurasia collision zone during the Alpine Orogeny. This region provides valuable insights into the evolution of the central Mediterranean basin and the passive margins of Tethys. The configuration of numerous Mesozoic–Cenozoic basins was influenced by the collision between Western Gondwana and Laurasia, characterised by a major right-lateral shear zone with significant strike-slip movement. By the end of the Triassic, rifting had spread across Gondwana, affecting both the eastern margin of Africa and the southern Arabian Plate. Although previously considered a basement fault, detailed structural and geophysical analysis reveals that the Jeffara Fault exhibits a complex geometry and kinematic evolution. The fault plane, oriented NW-SE, displays a listric arc geometry with dip angles decreasing from about 75° in the north to less than 40° in the south, accompanied by three major synthetic faults that facilitated an eastward basin collapse of more than 10–15 km. Field and subsurface data show that the spacing of ridge alignments relative to the main fault trace increases progressively southward from 20 km to more than 140 km, forming a diverging arc that marks successive erosion surfaces. The Jeffara fault system was initiated during the Early to Middle Triassic, when initial rifting triggered the collapse of Triassic and older sequences. Jurassic extension further reduced the fault surface dip, producing rollover geometries and a first network of synthetic and antithetic faults. During the Early Cretaceous, a second generation of synthetic faults intensified subsidence and controlled the development of localised sedimentary gaps, particularly in the eastern compartment. In contrast, the Miocene is marked by thermal subsidence of approximately 150–200 m, with no evidence of syn-sedimentary tectonic activity, consistent with models of lithospheric cooling. By the Plio–Quaternary, the Jeffara Fault was sealed, marking the cessation of detachment activity. This long-term tectonic evolution exerted a first-order control on petroleum system distribution. In the western Ghadames Basin, a pre-Triassic petroleum system dominates, whereas in the eastern Jeffara Basin, post-Triassic systems prevail, with Mesozoic and Cenozoic reservoirs structurally compartmentalised by fault-controlled traps. The integration of structural geometry, kinematic evolution and quantitative estimates of fault displacement, erosion and subsidence provides new insights into hydrocarbon migration pathways and trapping mechanisms. This refined structural interpretation provides better insights into the petroleum system distribution and the mechanisms of hydrocarbon migration and trapping, offering a novel understanding of exploration potentials in this strategic region of southeaste","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 9","pages":"2593-2620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedimentary Characteristics and Controls of Multiple Factors on Organic-Enrichment of the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China","authors":"Fan Xu,&nbsp;Changsong Lin,&nbsp;Qinghua Wang,&nbsp;Hui Xia,&nbsp;Wenfang Yuan,&nbsp;Hao Li,&nbsp;Chaoqun Shi,&nbsp;Min Zhang,&nbsp;Lili Huang,&nbsp;Xuqiao Wu,&nbsp;Ming Ma","doi":"10.1002/gj.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Early Cambrian was a crucial transition for Earth's environment and life evolution. The Early Cambrian Yuertusi Formation black shale in the Tarim Basin, a typical organic-rich black rock series, records regional sedimentary and paleo-oceanographic information. Integrating outcrop, logging, core, seismic and litho-geochemical data, this study documents the Yuertusi Formation's sedimentary features and organic-rich deposit controls. Comprising lower black shale and upper carbonate, it divides into three sequences (Sq1–3). Three sedimentary facies (outer ramp, mid ramp, and inner ramp) formed in a ramp setting. Geochemical analysis shows the outer ramp had higher paleoproductivity. Oxygen isotopes and siliceous rock lithofacies suggest hydrothermal activities were in the outer ramp during Sq1. Cross-plots and shale phosphorus indicate upwellings were active in mid-outer ramps during Sq1–3, stronger in the mid ramp. Redox proxies show outer ramp Sq1 organic-rich shales were anoxic, mid ramp Sq2–3 organic-lean carbonates were oxic. Terrigenous influx (Al, Ti) didn’t correlate with TOC. In summary, the most organic-rich deposits (TOC &gt; 5%) in the outer ramp along the northern basin margin were controlled by hydrothermal-induced high productivity and anoxic preservation, with siliceous, phosphate rocks and abundant trace elements.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 9","pages":"2721-2745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslide Susceptibility Evaluation Using Multiple Machine Learning Models: A Case Study of Wanzhou District in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area","authors":"Binli Qin,&nbsp;Jianhua Zou,&nbsp;Xinghua Wang,&nbsp;Linhai Yang,&nbsp;Peng Lv","doi":"10.1002/gj.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wanzhou District, located in the heart of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, is highly prone to landslide disasters due to its complex geological conditions, intense rainfall, and fluctuations in reservoir water levels. To aid effective disaster prevention and mitigation efforts, this study assesses landslide susceptibility based on 715 landslide events collected from recent field investigations and statistical surveys. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) methods were employed to optimise the factor system, ultimately selecting 12 key influencing factors. Elevation was excluded due to its high correlation with annual rainfall (|<i>r</i>| = 0.88) and its relatively lower weight (0.0785, compared with 0.1133 for rainfall). Statistical analysis indicated that landslides are primarily concentrated within 100–300 m of rivers and 400–500 m of residential buildings, with 62.4% of landslides closely associated with anthropogenic engineering activities. Three machine learning models—random forest (RF), multilayer perceptron combined with Bagging (MLP-Bagging) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)—were applied for susceptibility modeling. The RF model achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC), with a value of 0.887 and identified high and very high susceptibility zones that accounted for 72.87% of historical landslides, outperforming the other models. Zoning results based on the natural breaks method revealed extremely high susceptibility zones along the Yangtze River and urban areas, reflecting the combined impacts of fluctuating reservoir water levels and urbanisation. Overall, the RF model demonstrated superior performance in landslide susceptibility assessment and the incorporation of up-to-date landslide records significantly enhanced the reliability and practical value of the results, providing scientific support for disaster prevention and mitigation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 9","pages":"2577-2592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depositional Settings and Enrichment Processes of Extraordinarily High Organic Matter Content of Black Shale in the Talung Formation of the Upper Permian: A Case Analysis of the Kaijiang–Liangping Trough, Southern China","authors":"Wen Liu,&nbsp;Tianquan Qu,&nbsp;Wei Wu,&nbsp;Yuran Yang,&nbsp;Xue Yang,&nbsp;Weiliang Kong,&nbsp;Qin Zhang,&nbsp;Wanli Gao,&nbsp;Guangyin Cai,&nbsp;Chong Jiang,&nbsp;Zhen Qiu","doi":"10.1002/gj.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The black shale strata in the Talung Formation of the Upper Permian is a new target for marine shale gas exploration breakthroughs in South China. Through petrological and elemental geochemical analyses of black shales in the Talung Formation, the sedimentary environment during the late Wuchiapingian to Changhsingian stage was clarified, and an enrichment model of extraordinarily high organic matter (EHOM) was established. The shales in the Kaijiang–Liangping Trough are mainly composed of siliceous calcareous shales, with a total organic carbon content ranging from 5.45% to 20.15%, and the kerogen type is predominantly Type II₁. During the deposition of the Talung Formation, the margin of the Kaijiang–Liangping Trough was characterised by a shallow to semi-deep water shelf environment, with a warm, humid climate and anoxic reducing water conditions. The water at the margin of the marine trough was slightly turbulent, with a low degree of stagnation. The primary productivity proxies established using trace elements Cu, Zn, and Ni reveal a high level of primary productivity in the water during the Late Permian. The widespread upwelling activity and suitable terrigenous clastic input brought abundant nutrients into the waters, significantly enhancing primary productivity. However, hydrothermal and volcanic activities had no significant contribution to primary productivity. Thus, the high primary productivity brought by upwelling and terrigenous clastic input significantly promoted the production of EHOM, and the reducing water conditions facilitated the preservation of EHOM. The excellent production and favorable preservation jointly ensured the accumulaiton of EHOM in the Talung Formation shale of the Kaijiang-Liangping Trough.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 8","pages":"2357-2375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provenance, Tectonic Setting and Palaeoclimate of the Neogene Sandstones in the Naga Schuppen Belt, Indo-Myanmar Range, India","authors":"Alono Thorie,&nbsp;S. K. Srivastava","doi":"10.1002/gj.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, mineralogy and modal components of sandstones from the Neogene Surma and Tipam Groups in the Assam-Arakan Basin were analysed to understand their provenance, tectonic setting, and palaeoclimate. Petrographic composition and heavy mineral assemblages suggest that most of the sandstones have been supplied by a mixed provenance. However, an increase in the metamorphic detrital input has been observed in the overlying sandstones of the Tipam Group, suggesting more contribution from a metamorphic source. Modal analysis of the Neogene sandstones also suggests a mixed provenance where most of the sandstones were supplied from a recycled orogeny comprising collision suture, fold-thrust belt, arc orogen, and subduction complex sources. With changing tectonics and the upliftment of the Shillong Plateau and/or Karbi Anglong massif, the supply of sediments from the Indian Craton and Eastern Himalayas into the Assam-Arakan Basin decreased. Though the supply of sediments from the Eastern Himalayas continued until the end of the deposition of the Tipam Group, the detrital input from the uplifted Naga Ophiolites and Naga Metamorphics had increased significantly. Palaeoclimate analysis for the sandstones reflects a semi-humid climate during the deposition of both marine Surma and fluvial Tipam Groups, which coincides with the Miocene Climatic Optimum.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 8","pages":"2456-2482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Late Miocene Mammalian Remains From the Outcrops of Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Khizar Samiullah,&nbsp;Riffat Yasin,&nbsp;Bilal Rasool,&nbsp;Muhammad Nadeem Khan,&nbsp;Eisha Muzaffar,&nbsp;Sania Latif","doi":"10.1002/gj.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>New mammalian fossils have been recovered from the middle-late Miocene outcrops of Chakwal district, Punjab, Pakistan. In the current study, we describe 18 specimens belonging to nine species of the Artiodactyla, which include <i>Gazella lydekkeri</i>, <i>Eotragus noyei</i>, <i>Pachyportax nagrii, Helicoportax tragelaphoides</i>, <i>Merycopotamus nanus</i>, <i>Listriodon pentapotamiae</i>, <i>Propotamochoerus hysudricus, Giraffokeryx punjabiensis, Bramatherium grande</i> and one species of the order Carnivora, <i>Percrocuta carnifex</i>. The material described here includes isolated teeth and fragments, comprising incisors, canines, premolars and molars. We describe the fossil fragment of <i>Percrocuta carnifex</i> from Dhok Bun Ameer Khatoon (DBAK) outcrops. These specimens add to our knowledge of already described taxa as well as adding stratigraphic, biogeographic and temporal knowledge about Siwalik mammals. The composition of the fauna from our studied sites is principally consistent with the middle-late Miocene strata, dating approximately 14.2–10.0 Myr. The paleoclimate of this age can be inferred as warm and moist, having dense forest pockets and developed grassy, herbaceous and woody vegetation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 8","pages":"2376-2414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}