Geological Journal最新文献

{"title":"Pathways to 2030 SDGs: How Governance, Human capital, and Green Technology Shape Carbon Reductions in the N-11 Bloc","authors":"Jianjun Li,&nbsp;Afnan Hassan","doi":"10.1002/gj.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rising carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in rapidly developing economies pose a major challenge to global climate objectives and the achievement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Next Eleven (N-11) nations, characterised by fast economic growth and heavy reliance on natural resources, are particularly vulnerable to this sustainability dilemma. This study investigates how key socioeconomic factors, economic growth, biocapacity, natural resource rents, government effectiveness, and technological innovation influence CO₂ emissions in the N-11 region. The analysis is conducted within the framework of the SDGs, emphasising climate action and sustainable development. Due to data limitations, seven countries—Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, and the Philippines—are excluded from the biocapacity analysis. Employing advanced panel econometric techniques that account for slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence, the study applies unit root and cointegration tests, with Westerlund's method confirming long-run relationships amongst variables. The Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) results show that technological innovation, government effectiveness, and biocapacity significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, whereas GDP growth has a weak positive correlation with ecological degradation, and natural resource rents show no significant linear impact. Further insights from the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) model indicate that governance and innovation exert stronger emission-reducing effects at higher quantiles of the emissions distribution. Conversely, the environmental burden of economic growth and resource rents intensifies at these upper levels, highlighting the limitations of extractive economic strategies. The study underscores the importance of strengthening institutional quality, fostering technological development, and enhancing ecological resilience. It offers policy-relevant evidence to support customised interventions aimed at achieving sustainability in high-emission N-11 countries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 8","pages":"2208-2222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of the Early Carboniferous Nb-Enriched Arc Basalts in Wusun Mountain, Yili Block (Chinese Western Tianshan)","authors":"Hai Li,&nbsp;Yongjun Li,&nbsp;Ganyu Li,&nbsp;Gaoxue Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Liu,&nbsp;Wenqi Shang,&nbsp;Panlong Wang,&nbsp;Hao Fu","doi":"10.1002/gj.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nb-enriched basalt is a distinct type of island arc basalt characterised by unique geochemical signatures. The basalts and basaltic andesites of the Dahalajunshan Formation, primarily composed of plagioclase and olivine phenocrysts, constitute the dominant lithology of the Early Carboniferous marine strata in the Wusun Mountain region of the Yili Block. Thirty LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb measurements yielded a concordant ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 343.8 ± 5.7 Ma (MSWD = 1.3), confirming an Early Carboniferous age, which is temporally consistent with spatially associated adakites. Geochemically, the basalts exhibit arc-like signatures (LREE enrichment, HREE depletion, pronounced Nb, Ta and Ti negative anomalies) but are distinguished by elevated TiO₂ (1.66–3.04 wt%), P₂O₅ (0.47<b>–</b>1.74 wt%) and significant enrichments in Nb (&gt; 7 ppm), Sr (&gt; 500 ppm) and Zr (&gt; 170 ppm; Zr/Y &gt; 4). Their low (La/Nb)_PM (avg. 2.59) and high (Nb/Th)_PM (avg. 0.64), coupled with uniform Sr–Nd isotopes (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Srᵢ = 0.70440–0.70494; <i>ε</i>\u0000 _Nd(<i>t</i>) = +1.58 to +3.08), confirm affinities to Nb-enriched basalts rather than normal island arc basalts, implying a unique subduction-modified mantle source. Comprehensive analysis suggests that the Nb-enriched basaltic magma of Wusun Mountain was derived from a spinel-phase lherzolite source. It is proposed that adakitic melts, generated by the partial melting of subducting slabs, metasomatically interact with the mantle peridotite, inducing partial melting and the formation of Nb-enriched basaltic magma. The discovery of Nb-enriched island arc basalts in the Wusun Mountain region provides new evidence for the subduction-related tectonic setting of the Yili Block during the Early Carboniferous and temporally constrains the closure of the Tianshan palaeo-ocean basin to post-date this period. These findings offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of Nb enrichment in arc magmas and the prolonged subduction evolution of the Chinese Western Tianshan orogenic belt.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 8","pages":"2498-2519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation and Environmental Degradation Nexus in Saudi Arabia: Unveiling the Impact of Energy Transition, Financial Development, and Human Capital","authors":"Md. Saiful Islam,&nbsp;Anis ur Rehman,&nbsp;Mohammed Abdul Moiz,&nbsp;Nezar Mohammed Al-Samhi,&nbsp;Noman Arshed","doi":"10.1002/gj.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change and environmental degradation have become a prominent part of the worldwide discourse. In the age of global warming, innovation (proxied by patents) is frequently seen as a way to lessen environmental pollution. This study examines the impact of innovation on CO₂ emissions while controlling for factors such as renewable energy use, education, financial development, and economic growth in Saudi Arabia. The study uniquely combines innovation, human capital, financial development, and renewable energy within a nonlinear quantile framework to reveal Saudi-specific dynamics of the innovation–environment relationship. It utilizes quantile-based “multiple threshold nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (MTNARDL)” estimation employing data from 1990 to 2022. It also applies the NARDL approach concurrently for comparative assessment. Moreover, cointegrating regression is employed to cross-check the primary MTNARDL outcomes. The findings reveal that patents minimize environmental pollution in their lower quantiles but intensify it in their fourth quantile. Energy transition and financial developments improve environmental quality, but economic growth deteriorates it, and human capital remains insignificant. The MTNARDL estimation appears robust, as authenticated by the FMOLS estimates. The findings have significant implications for policymakers, who should prioritize rationalizing patent systems, promoting renewable energy use, enhancing financial development, and adopting green production technologies to ensure environmental sustainability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 8","pages":"2483-2497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry and U–Pb Zircon Geochronology of the Gabbroic Rocks in the South Delhi Fold Belt: Insights Into Rodinia-Age Tectonics in Northwest India","authors":"Anirban Manna,&nbsp;Sadhana M. Chatterjee,&nbsp;Kaushik Das,&nbsp;Alip Roy,&nbsp;Ayan Kumar Sarkar","doi":"10.1002/gj.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The South Delhi Fold Belt (SDFB) in NW India is juxtaposed against the Marwar Craton along its western margin through the Phulad Shear Zone (PSZ). Within the SDFB, a substantial occurrence of gabbroic rocks extends in an NE–SW orientation, mirroring the alignment of PSZ. These gabbroic rocks are closely associated with ~1 Ga granites within the SDFB that are often correlated with the Rodinia supercontinent formation. However, no age of the gabbroic rocks has been reported so far. The origin of these gabbroic rocks, often considered part of the Phulad Ophiolite, has been a subject of intense debate. To gain insights into the source and tectonic setting of the gabbroic rocks, we conducted detailed fieldwork, petrography, geochemical and geochronological analyses. The granites and gabbroic rocks are regionally deformed with a regional orientation parallel to the SDFB regional trend. Detailed field studies reveal that the gabbro and the PSZ underwent synchronous deformation. The geochemical study of gabbroic rocks documents tholeiite affinity, suggesting that their source magma likely formed from a low-degree partial melting of the spinel peridotite zone of the lithospheric mantle at a shallow depth. This magma was subsequently modified by crustal contamination during magma ascent. U–Pb zircon dates of the gabbroic rocks confirm a magmatic Concordia age of 978.2 ± 8.7 Ma. Integrating field relations, petrography, geochemistry and geochronological data, we suggest that the gabbro and granite were generated in an extensional tectonic setting during ~1 Ga in NW India. This finding challenges the Rodinia-age collision model previously suggested for NW India.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 8","pages":"2181-2207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability Under Uncertainty: A Time-Frequency Perspective on Brazil's Nuclear Energy Pathway, Digital Evolution, and Financial Risk Exposure","authors":"Abraham Ayobamiji Awosusi,&nbsp;Berna Uzun","doi":"10.1002/gj.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Brazil faces a growing tension between accelerating economic development and preserving ecological sustainability, particularly amid rising energy demand, fiscal vulnerabilities, and rapid digital transformation. While nuclear energy, digitalization, financial stability, and economic growth are often discussed as critical levers for sustainable development, their environmental impacts remain poorly understood in Brazil's context, given the country's unique convergence of structural, environmental, and economic factors. Motivated by this gap, the present study provides the first empirical assessment of the impacts of nuclear energy, financial risk, digitalization, and economic growth on Brazil's ecological quality, measured through the load capacity factor for the period between 1999Q1 and 2021Q4. To achieve this, the study employs advanced econometric techniques including wavelet quantile regression, wavelet quantile correlation, quantile-on-quantile kernel regularised least squares, and quantile-on-quantile Granger causality. Results from the wavelet quantile regression method reveal that nuclear energy exerts a negative influence on ecological quality across most quantiles and time scales. Similarly, digitalization, financial risk, and economic growth contribute to environmental degradation across different periods and quantiles. These findings are reinforced by wavelet quantile correlation and quantile-on-quantile kernel regularised least squares, while the quantile-on-quantile Granger causality analysis confirms the predictive influence of each explanatory variable on environmental sustainability. The study concludes by offering targeted policy recommendations aimed at aligning Brazil's economic and technological advancement with long-term environmental sustainability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 8","pages":"2415-2432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical Modelling for Natural Convection Within High Permeability Carbonate Formations in Xiong'an Area","authors":"Zhuting Wang,&nbsp;Shengbiao Hu,&nbsp;Yibo Wang,&nbsp;Yonghui Huang,&nbsp;Guangzheng Jiang,&nbsp;Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1002/gj.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The temperature field in the high permeability carbonate geothermal reservoir is poorly constrained. The numerical simulation provides a powerful tool to reveal the characteristics and mechanism of heat transfer in the carbonate reservoir. Xiong'an New District, 140 km south of Beijing, China, is a typical and large-scale carbonate formation developed area. In this study, based on the geothermal measurement data, a two-dimensional thermal-hydraulic-mechanical numerical simulation was conducted to analyse the genetic mechanism of the carbonate formation temperature. Sensitivity of formation temperature to the key parameters of the reservoir and their heterogeneities was also tested. The unique thermophysical parameters of the reservoir, characterised by high permeability and thermal conductivity, are the crucial reasons for the uniform temperature distribution of the carbonate formation. Influence of basement uplift, water-conducting fractures, and heterogeneous permeability on the geothermal distribution was also analysed. The thermal refraction effect caused by basement uplift, groundwater activity due to water-conducting fractures, and the abnormally high permeability of carbonate rocks are the main causes of thermal anomalies in the study area. As the ratio between horizontal and vertical permeability increases, the groundwater activity within the rock layers becomes weaker, and the thermal convection effect generated has a gradually decreasing impact on the geothermal distribution.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 8","pages":"2223-2235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismically Induced Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures and Massflow Deposits in a Paleoproterozoic Shelf Setting (Chakrata Formation, Lesser Himalaya, India)","authors":"Partha Pratim Chakraborty,&nbsp;Alok Deep,&nbsp;Ujjwal Kr Singh","doi":"10.1002/gj.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A variety of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDs) and mass flows of varying rheology are present in the Paleoproterozoic argillaceous Chakrata Formation, Lesser Himalaya. SSD structures (intra- and inter-bed) include contorted/convoluted beds, deformed laminations, load casts, and flame structures, pseudonodules, and sand dykes. Deposits of high- and low-density turbidity currents and sandy debris flows represent mass flows that are included in the Chakrata shelf shale succession. The lateral continuity and recurrent incidence of SSD-bearing disturbed layers through the Chakrata lithopackage indicate a seismogenic origin. The disturbed bed thickness and nature of SSD structures suggest the earthquake shock magnitudes (Mz) of 5 to in excess of 8. It is ascertained that besides generating SSDs, the seismic shocks, at times, caused extreme liquefaction and fluidisation that caused sediment failure and generation of gravity flows. Though from rock record establishment of synchronicity between SSD formation and mass flow generation always remains a challenge in the absence of historical data or adjoining fault systems, the physical association of SSDs and mass flows in the Chakrata Formation allows identification of their co-genetic nature related to seismic activity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 8","pages":"2538-2557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochronological and Geochemical Constraints on the Granitic Gneisses of South China Affinity Within the Sulu Ultrahigh-Pressure Belt, Eastern China: Early Response to the Breakup of Rodinia Supercontinent","authors":"Lixiang Zhao,&nbsp;Zhengjiang Ding,&nbsp;Junyang Lv,&nbsp;Bin Wang,&nbsp;Qibin Zhang,&nbsp;Jiawen Teng,&nbsp;Caijie Liu,&nbsp;Ye Qian","doi":"10.1002/gj.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Rongcheng area is situated along the northeastern tectonic margin of the Sulu orogenic belt, where extensive exposures of Neoproterozoic granitic gneisses are present. These rocks are intimately associated with the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent and serve as an optimal geological archive for investigating the mechanisms underlying the assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent. However, considerable controversy persists in research on rock genesis and tectonic setting. This study systematically investigates the petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology and Lu-Hf isotopic compositions of Neoproterozoic granitic gneisses from the Rongcheng area to constrain their diagenetic age, petrogenesis, tectonic setting and geological implications. The obtained ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U weighted mean ages ranging from 750 to 798 Ma demonstrate that the protoliths of these granitic gneisses were emplaced during the Neoproterozoic period. Geochemically, the granitic gneisses constitute an I-A type peraluminous granite-granodiorite suite within the high-K calc-alkaline series, characterised by high SiO₂ contents (66.09–76.91 wt%), alkali enrichment (Na₂O + K₂O = 6.56–9.15 wt%) and CaO depletion (0.35–3.60 wt%). These rocks exhibit significant enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g., Ba, K and U), accompanied by marked depletion in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and high-field-strength elements (HFSEs; e.g., Nb, Ta, Y and Ti). Lu-Hf isotopic analyses reveal ε_Hf (t) values ranging from −21.0 to −1.37 and two-stage Hf model ages (T_DM2Hf) spanning 1.77 to 2.88 Ga, indicative of Paleoproterozoic to Archean crustal residence. Petrogenetic constraints indicate the Rongcheng granitic gneisses primarily originated from the partial melting of crustal materials with minor contributions from mantle sources, as evidenced by their negative εHf(t) values (−21.0 to −1.37). These rocks formed within a Neoproterozoic post-collisional extensional environment, representing the initial response to the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent in the northeastern Sulu orogenic belt.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 8","pages":"2293-2309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrocarbon Generation Potential and Hydrocarbon Expulsion Process of Shahezi Formation Mudstone in Xujiaweizi Fault Depression in Songliao Basin","authors":"Jianchen Wu,&nbsp;Zhenxue Jiang,&nbsp;Zhongyan Jiang,&nbsp;Weihao Sun,&nbsp;Jiamin Lu,&nbsp;Lidong Sun","doi":"10.1002/gj.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Shahezi Formation is another major set of source rocks in the Songliao Basin following the Qingshankou Formation. However, due to its deeper burial, its hydrocarbon generation and expulsion potential, as well as the processes involved, remain unclear. This study focuses on the Shahezi Formation source rocks in the Songliao Basin. Using the hydrocarbon generation potential method, and based on Rock-Eval pyrolysis, TOC testing, <i>R</i>\u0000 _o testing, and basin modelling, it systematically evaluates the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion processes and potential of the Shahezi Formation source rocks in the Xujiaweizi fault depression. The results indicate that the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold of the Shahezi Formation source rocks is <i>R</i>\u0000 _o = 0.807%, with a maximum hydrocarbon generation potential of 498.71 mgHC/gTOC and a peak expulsion efficiency of 64.4%. The hydrocarbon generation centre is located in the central depression of the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression. The maximum hydrocarbon generation intensity and expulsion intensity reach 1000 × 10⁴ and 500 × 10⁴ t/km², respectively. Based on these parameters, the total hydrocarbon generation and expulsion volumes of the Shahezi Formation source rocks are calculated to be 81.54 × 10⁸ and 46.72 × 10⁸ t. These findings suggest that the deep formations of the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression hold significant exploration potential for natural gas resources. The geological resource volume of petroleum in the Shahezi Formation is estimated at 0.13 × 10¹² m³, with the total volume of hydrocarbons retained within the source rocks estimated at 0.484 × 10¹² m³. The western Xujiaweizi and Anda–Songzhan areas exhibit considerable exploration potential.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 8","pages":"2279-2292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on Permeability Behavior of Helium Within Its Source Rocks in the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China","authors":"Jianglin He,&nbsp;Shuangjian Li,&nbsp;Ankun Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaolin Zhou,&nbsp;Zhenghe Wang,&nbsp;Jian Gao,&nbsp;Ping Yang,&nbsp;Dong Wang","doi":"10.1002/gj.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding helium migration in source rocks is critical to resolving constraints imposed by helium's weak sourcing on modern enrichment models. This work investigates the permeability behaviour of helium in granite and shale across the Sichuan Basin to elucidate their contrasting controls on helium accumulation. Basing on the permeability behaviour of helium and nitrogen in shale and granite in the southwest of Sichuan Basin, it is found: (1) Helium permeability decreases by 81.06%–98.03% under confining pressure escalation (2–60 MPa), exhibiting negative correlations with rock strength/water saturation and a positive correlation with porosity. (2) Single-phase helium systems maintain higher permeability than two-phase gas-water pore systems, where dissolution/exsolution cycling governs flow. At &gt; 60% water saturation, gas properties no longer exert a dominant control over the sample's permeability. When water saturation &gt; 60%, gas-phase dominance ceases—granites show solubility-driven permeability evolution, while shales remain compaction-controlled. (3) Granite permeability plunges about 95.7% when heated from 25°C to 85°C, attributed to thermal grain expansion reducing pore-throat volumes. (4) Subsurface helium transport progresses through three stages. In shallow burial stages, it is dominated by groundwater-driven dissolved helium migration. In the middle/deep burial stages, flow decelerates due to the Jamin effect and aqueous phase trapping, with permeability increasingly controlled by dissolution/exsolution cycling in both lithologies. (5) In the Weiyuan gas field, helium accumulation derives from water-dissolved migration during granite burial. Shales indirectly control enrichment through (i) post-maturation migration retardation via the Jamin effect/aqueous phase trapping and (ii) compartmentalisation of underlying helium-saturated aquifers. Bedding orientation governs shale permeability anisotropy, contrasting with granite's isotropic pore geometry.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 8","pages":"2310-2334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148696331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}