Geological Journal最新文献

{"title":"Identification of Fracture Extension Modes During Hydraulic Fracturing in Coalbed Methane Vertical Wells: A Case Study From the Southern Shizhuang Area of the Qinshui Basin, China","authors":"Jin Yan,&nbsp;Xiaoming Ni,&nbsp;Yafei Zhang,&nbsp;Wensheng Wang,&nbsp;Ruize Niu","doi":"10.1002/gj.5101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5101","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The accurate identification of fracture extension patterns in hydraulic fracturing can provide important guidance for the optimisation of fracturing parameters. In this paper, factors such as effective hole friction and wellbore flow friction during fracturing are fully considered, and a calculation model of net bottom-hole pressure of fracturing is constructed. By introducing the change rate of net bottom-hole pressure and the changing characteristics of the fracturing curve, seven fracture extension modes during hydraulic fracturing in coalbed methane vertical wells are established. The accuracy of the identification method is verified by the fracture monitoring and production results in Shizhuang South Block. The results show that fracture elongation is mainly controlled by in situ stress difference, angle between natural fracture and maximum principal stress, coal tensile strength, fracturing time, proppant and angle between other factors. When the fracture construction parameters are fixed, the smaller the difference between maximum and minimum horizontal principal stresses and the smaller the natural fractures and maximum horizontal principal stresses. When the reservoir potential is similar, the effective extension index is positively correlated with the gas production effect, and the effective extension index can effectively judge the fracturing effect. The higher the proportion of effective extension mode, the longer the extension time and the higher the stable daily gas production. The research results provide a method and reference for clearly identifying the fracture extension and the occurrence conditions of different extension modes in the hydraulic fracturing process.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 3","pages":"762-775"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cambrian–Ordovician Arc-Related Magmatism in the Central Southeast Asian Continents and Its Significance on Early Palaeozoic Tectonics of the Indochina Block","authors":"Xuan Thanh Ngo,&nbsp;Nguyen Quoc Hung,&nbsp;Yoonsup Kim,&nbsp;Sanghoon Kwon,&nbsp;Vinh Hau Bui,&nbsp;Thanh Hai Tran,&nbsp;Yirang Jang,&nbsp;Vinod O. Samuel","doi":"10.1002/gj.5102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Knowledge of the early Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the Indochina Block is critical for reconstructions of the Gondwana supercontinent in relation with other microcontinents. In the central Indochina Block, the Early Palaeozoic Tam Ky–Phuoc Son Suture Zone (TPSZ) and Po Ko Suture Zone (PKSZ) demarcate the boundary between the Truong Son Belt in the north and Kon Tum Massif in the south. In the southern parts of Truong Son Belt, we have identified meta-mafic and meta-intermediate rocks associated with plagiogranite, metapelitic and meta-siliceous rocks. Here we present integrated field, geochemical and geochronological results of the meta-gabbroic and amphibolitic samples in the southern Truong Son Belt to unravel the tectonic evolution of the Indochina Block during the Early Palaeozoic. The MC–LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb ages indicate magmatism at ca. 504–460 Ma. Based on geochemical composition, the samples range from gabbro to gabbro-diorite. The gabbroic samples have slightly higher Mg# (58.9–62.8) than those of the gabbro-dioritic samples (Mg# = 56.3–61.5), and both types of rock show low TiO₂ contents (0.68–0.98 wt%), displaying enriched LREE ((La/Sm)_{\u0000 <i>N</i>\u0000} = 1.66–3.23) and LILE (e.g., Rb, Ba, Th and U), and pronounced negative HFSE (e.g., Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies) with low εHf(t) zircon values (from −6.34 to +0.71). These geochemical characteristics suggest that the metabasic rocks are of subduction-related arc magmatic processes, and also indicate infiltration of sediment melt from subducting slab to mantle-wedge prior to its partial melting. The new data suggests that northward subduction under the Truong Son Belt might have initiated during the Early Cambrian, and lasted until around the Middle Ordovician. On a regional scale, the ages of the Early Palaeozoic arc magmatism in the Truong Son Belt are comparable with the ages of tectonic events that occurred in Himalaya, West Qiangtang and East Tibet at the northern margin of the Gondwana supercontinent.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 3","pages":"776-791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isotopic and Sedimentologic Proxies of Palaeoexposure Events and Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) in the Cenomanian–Turonian Neritic Carbonates (the Sarvak Formation) in the Abadan Plain, Zagros Basin, Iran","authors":"Emad Yahyaei,&nbsp;Hamzeh Mehrabi,&nbsp;Ramin Abbasi","doi":"10.1002/gj.5089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The shallow marine carbonate deposits of the Sarvak Formation have been deposited in an active tectonic setting under warm and humid climatic conditions during the Cenomanian–Turonian (C–T). The focus of this study is on the sedimentological and geochemical analysis of this formation in the Abadan Plain, Zagros Basin. Petrographic studies led to the identification of five microfacies deposited in the restricted lagoon, tidal flat, reef, shoal and open marine environments. They indicate deposition of the Sarvak Formation on a homoclinal ramp–like carbonate platform. Sequence stratigraphy studies have led to the identification of two third-order sequences named Cenomanian sequence (DSS-1) and Turonian sequence (DSS-2), along with six fourth-order sequences. The upper boundary of DSS-1, known as the C–T disconformity (CT-ES), is subjected to meteoric diagenetic processes, as evidenced by meteoric dissolution (karstification), collapsed brecciation and the development of palaeosols. The upper SB of DSS-2 is marked by the mid-Turonian disconformity (mT-ES), characterised by silicification, brecciation, meteoric dissolution and iron oxide staining of core samples. The significant decreases in δ¹⁸O_carb and δ¹³C_carb values indicate a strong effect of meteoric diagenesis beneath the palaeoexposure surfaces. The calculation of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) based on the δ¹⁸O_carb values measured from the unaltered carbonates indicated that the average SST for the C–T is 31.8°C and 30.9°C in K-01 and K-02 wells, respectively. A decrease of about 1.5°C is measured during the C–T transition, which indicate a cooling trend of the Late Cretaceous in the Tethyan realm. The carbon isotopic pattern observed in the analysed sections shows correlation with previous studies conducted in the Tethyan region. Additionally, the isotopic composition indicative of Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) is identified around the C–T boundary. Nevertheless, the signature of OAE2 has been somewhat obscured by diagenetic processes associated with C–T palaeoexposure.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 3","pages":"596-613"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Genesis and Circulation of Geothermal Water in the Riduo–Cuona Rift, Eastern Tibetan Plateau, Based on Hydrochemistry and Stable Isotopes Geochemistry","authors":"Yunhe Liu,&nbsp;Xiaocheng Zhou,&nbsp;Sheng Wang,&nbsp;Zhe Chen,&nbsp;Miao He,&nbsp;Jiao Tian,&nbsp;Ying Li,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Zhu,&nbsp;Zhipeng Liu,&nbsp;Baolong Lu,&nbsp;Yi Huang","doi":"10.1002/gj.5093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studying initial geothermal fluids and tectonic active zones is crucial for exploiting intermediate high-temperature geothermal resources. This study aims to investigate the genesis, circulation and environmental implications of geothermal water in the Riduo–Cuona Rift (RCR) of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. By integrating hydrochemical analysis, stable isotope geochemistry (δ²H, δ¹⁸O and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr), and noble gas isotope characteristics, the research seeks to develop comprehensive geothermal circulation models in the RCR. (M1) The spatial distribution of geothermal waters near the molten magmatic domes indicated ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ranges consistent with those of the rock, respectively. The high Ca, Mg ‘hardness’ spring waters were attributed to strata surrounding the dome resulting from the last leaching, as confirmed by the estimated higher hydraulic head, mainly located in ‘immature water.’ (M2) The spatial distribution of geothermal waters corresponding to an orogenic belt revealed HCO₃·SO₄–Na as the dominant hydrochemical facies in the northern RCR. Research suggests that springs exhibit greater circulation depths and that spring solute SO₄ is related to the Gangdise magmatic arc leaching. (M3) However, the active tectonic zone's springs ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.705763–0.709754) indicated evaporite characteristics. The thermal reservoir temperature in this structural junction zone is the highest (256.75°C–287.03°C). The high trace alkali element concentrations, particularly of B, F and As, exceeded the WHO guideline; the drainage system analysis indicates regional nonnegligible environmental risks in the Gudui. Establishing these models can clarify the relationships between geothermal fluids, tectonic structures and regional faults, providing insights into geothermal resource potential, environmental risks and possible strategies for sustainable resource exploitation in the region.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 3","pages":"642-658"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Garnet as a Proxy for Deciphering Polymetamorphic Histories: An Example From the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone of Iran","authors":"Mirmohammad Miri,&nbsp;Federico Lucci,&nbsp;Ali A. Sepahi,&nbsp;Mohammad Maanijou,&nbsp;John Charles White","doi":"10.1002/gj.5104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the central sector of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone of Iran, the Triassic-to-Jurassic ‘Hamedan Phyllites’ metamorphic complex shows a polymetamorphic evolution characterised by a main Barrovian- to Buchan-type garnet+staurolite+kyanite/andalusite regional sequence, locally overprinted by a low-pressure thermal event generated by vigorous Jurassic magmatic activity and the emplacement of voluminous composite plutonic complexes (e.g., Alvand). In this work, we explore the Hamedan phyllites enveloping the Jurassic Alvand granite batholith, particularly in the eastern sector at the transition from cordierite-bearing hornfels to staurolite-bearing schists. In this study, we present for the first time the textural characterisation and mineral chemistry of a previously undescribed minor population of post-kinematic Mn-rich garnet from the staurolite schists. We developed phase equilibria modelling to define the pressure-temperature condition of its genesis. We then integrated the existing literature on metapelites from the study area to develop new thermobarometric models with those data to propose a revised evolution of the metapelites enveloping the Alvand batholith and the extent of its contact aureole. On a wider scale, this study provides evidence for the relevance of garnet, as chemical-physical archive, in deciphering complex polymetamorphic histories where thermal events affect previously regional metamorphosed rocks under relatively hot gradients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 4","pages":"793-806"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gj.5104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and Interpretation of Thermal Evolution Anomalies in Palaeozoic Source Rocks in the Southwestern Ordos Basin, China","authors":"Tianao Lu,&nbsp;Junping Huang,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Pan Wang,&nbsp;Yaohui Xu,&nbsp;Kaiming Su","doi":"10.1002/gj.5091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5091","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The YT3 well in the southern section of the western margin of the Ordos Basin recently accessed oil reservoirs in the Palaeozoic Carboniferous Yanghugou Formation and Ordovician Wulalike Formation that were previously believed to be gas-producing. However, the region is characterised by extensive faulting and complex geological phenomena. Additionally, the Wulalike Formation exhibits an anomaly: shallow burial depth and high maturity occur in the western region. This study assesses the maturity of source rocks using organic geochemical methods in typical Palaeozoic oil-bearing strata of the region. PetroMod software simulations are employed to reconstruct the thermal evolution history of selected wells and seismic profiles, elucidating these maturity anomalies. The findings reveal a generally higher thermal maturity in the western part and lower in the eastern part of the study area. The <i>R</i>\u0000 _o of the Wulalike Formation ranged from 1.08% to 2.03%, while that of the Yanghugou Formation ranged from 0.55% to 0.68%. Prior to the Jurassic, the western strata were buried at a greater depth than the eastern strata. The source rocks of the western Palaeozoic had already produced a significant amount of hydrocarbons, and at this time, the strata exhibited a monoclinic west-low-east-high pattern. Hydrocarbons would have been transported eastward along the stratigraphic gradient and deposited in suitable traps. After the Jurassic, the western part of the study area underwent significant denudation due to the Yanshan Movement and a strong retrograde overturning effect, which resulted in a shallow burial depth and high maturity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 3","pages":"614-628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of Overpressure and Its Influence on Hydrocarbon Leakage in Mosuowan Uplift of the Junggar Basin, NW China","authors":"Xiujian Ding,&nbsp;Guojian You,&nbsp;Ablimit Yiming,&nbsp;Hailei Liu,&nbsp;Wenlong Jiang,&nbsp;Zhe Cao,&nbsp;Ming Zha,&nbsp;Jiangxiu Qu","doi":"10.1002/gj.5097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5097","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Junggar Basin is one of the main petroliferous basins in Western China. The Mosuowan Uplift, located in the central part of the Junggar Basin, is a favourable hydrocarbon accumulation zone. The overpressure is widely developed in the strata below the Jurassic, and the pressure coefficient gradually increases with the buried depth, up to 2.15. Based on the multi-logging combination method, Bowers method, sonic velocity–density cross-plot method and combined with geological setting, using porosity data of sandstone, geochemical data of source rocks, acoustic transit time -resistivity cross plots and so on, the origins of overpressure in each stratum of the Mosuowan Uplift are analysed. The results show that disequilibrium compaction, pressure transfer and tectonic compression are the main reasons for the development of deep overpressure. Disequilibrium compaction is considered to be an important reason for overpressure in Jurassic, Triassic, Upper Permian Upper Wuerhe Formation and Middle Permian Lower Wuerhe Formation due to the development of multiple sets of mudstone in deep strata. The Jurassic is charged by deep overpressure fluid, and the pressure transfer also has a significant contribution to the overpressure of Jurassic. The tectonic inversion occurred in the central part of the basin at the end of the Early Permian, and the overpressure in the Middle Permian Xiazijie Formation was closely related to tectonic compression. The hydrocarbon generation of the Permian and Jurassic source rocks has little contribution to the overpressure of the Mosuowan Uplift due to the poor source rock. The Mosuowan Uplift is an inherited anticline, adjacent to hydrocarbon generation sag, which is the dominant direction of oil and gas migration, but drilling confirmed that the deep reservoir is water layer. Comprehensive analysis of maturity parameters, logging fluorescence show and quantitative fluorescence analysis indicates that overpressure caused oil and gas leakage and destroyed hydrocarbon reservoirs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 3","pages":"700-715"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-Craton Faults Characteristics, Development and Its Hydrocarbon Accumulation Significance in Mesozoic Strata at Southwestern Ordos Basin, China","authors":"Yun Jiang,&nbsp;Lei Pu,&nbsp;Fangpeng Du,&nbsp;Xinkai Chen,&nbsp;Chiyang Liu,&nbsp;Jianqiang Wang,&nbsp;Heng Peng,&nbsp;Yang Zhou","doi":"10.1002/gj.5085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5085","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Ordos Basin is among China's largest petroliferous basins, with its southwestern part being a key exploration area. Prior studies indicated that the basin's internal structure was relatively simple, featuring minor developmental faults and primarily stratigraphic–lithologic reservoirs. However, recent research has identified numerous strike-slip faults in the basin, and their relationship to oil and gas accumulations remains unclear. This study, using integrated interpretations of field outcrops, imaging logging and 3D seismic reflection data, clarifies the characteristics, morphology and formation mechanisms of multi-period faults in the southwestern Ordos basin. Additionally, the study investigates the relationship between these faults and oil and gas accumulations. Results show that Mesozoic fractures in the southwestern basin are primarily NE- and NW-trending. Seismic profiles reveal that these faults exhibit complex geometries, including upright structures in the Middle to Upper Triassic and floral structures in the Cretaceous. Coherence slices show that Lower Jurassic faults have linear structures NE- and NW-trending, while Cretaceous faults exhibit parallel linear structures ENE-trending. The study of fault displacement and morphology suggests two evolutionary patterns for Mesozoic faults in the basin: layered development and basement-activated faulting. The widespread ENE- and NW-trending faults represent a specific mode of tectonic stress transfer in stable cratonic areas with minimal basement fault influence. Conversely, some ENE-trending faults are significantly influenced by basement activation during various geological periods, penetrating deeply into strata and exhibiting distinct segmentation on a planar scale. This differential fault development results in an uneven distribution of Jurassic oil and gas reservoirs. Significant accumulations of Jurassic oil and gas are found in the ENE-trending tension–torsional strike-slip sections, whereas many NW-trending faults may negatively impact oil and gas reservoirs. This study elucidates the characteristics of Mesozoic faults in the southwestern Ordos Basin, offering valuable guidance for oil and gas exploration and development in the region.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 3","pages":"583-595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Geothermal Energy in Aluto-Langano and Tulu-Moye, Central Ethiopia","authors":"Mamaru Genetu","doi":"10.1002/gj.5073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to identify the primary issues leading to the pause in geothermal energy development at Aluto-Langano and Tulu-Moye sites, while also exploring opportunities in new drilling wells and assessing compliance with occupational safety, health and environmental standards. The geothermal energy development status was evaluated through focus group discussions, site visits and field data collection. The Tulu-Moye Geothermal Operation (TMGO) project is underway to establish a power plant, with a phased development spanning 6 years targeting a total capacity of 150 MW, comprising 50 MW for Phase 1 and 100 MW for Phase 2, though with some constraints. The Aluto-I Geothermal Pilot Plant marked the initial efforts to produce electricity from geothermal sources but faced shutdown due to declining thermal energy in some wells, turbine corrosion, pentane leakage, frequent in efficiency of fans and instability of foundations. Consequently, Phase 2 of the project aims to integrate with Phase 1 wells to mitigate potential thermal energy losses. Geothermal energy development demands substantial initial investment but entails minimal ongoing costs and workforce requirements. Its eco-friendliness benefits communities, offering higher efficiency and lower maintenance compared to hydroelectricity. Leveraging Ethiopia's geothermal potential is crucial for electricity generation, mineral extraction, and water supply, with plans involving nationwide field expansion to enhance renewable energy capacity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"64-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrogenesis of Silurian Granitoids in the Western Segment of the North Qilian Accretionary Belt, China: Insights Into the Closure of the Northernmost Branch of the Proto-Tethys Ocean","authors":"Weidong He,&nbsp;Yunpeng Dong,&nbsp;Jiaopeng Sun,&nbsp;Lei He,&nbsp;Zonglin Li,&nbsp;Yukun Qi,&nbsp;Kai Ye,&nbsp;Zhigang Wang,&nbsp;Teng Wang","doi":"10.1002/gj.5090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5090","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The North Qilian Accretionary Belt, situated at the northernmost extent of the Proto-Tethys tectonic domain, preserves key tectonic events such as Proto-Tethys Ocean subduction and accretion. Despite ongoing debates about the closure mechanisms and timing of the North Qilian Ocean, our study presents novel findings on granitoids from the Changma region in the western segment of the North Qilian Accretionary Belt. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates an emplacement age of 436 Ma for the Qingshixia pluton and 425 Ma for the Heixialao pluton. The <i>ε</i>\u0000 _{\u0000 <i>Hf</i>\u0000}(<i>t</i>) values of the Qingshixia granodiorite range from +8.25 to +10.89, with T_DM2 model ages estimated between 614 and 716 Ma. In contrast, the <i>ε</i>\u0000 _{\u0000 <i>Hf</i>\u0000}(<i>t</i>) values of the Heixialao monzogranite range from +1.79 to +4.48, with T_DM2 model ages spanning from 1127 to 1291 Ma. The Qingshixia granodiorite displays adakitic traits, characterised by high Sr, low Y, low Yb, and a low K₂O/Na₂O ratio, whilst the Heixialao monzogranite exhibits peraluminous, high-potassium calc-alkaline features. The low concentrations of Ni and Cr, along with moderate Mg# values, suggest that the Qingshixia granodiorite likely originated from the partial melting of a subducting slab. By comparison with experimental melts, the relatively low Rb/Ba and Rb/Sr ratios and higher zircon saturation temperatures of Heixialao monzogranite suggest that it may have formed from partial melting of the mafic middle and lower crust. Integrating these findings with regional geological features and differences between east and west segments, we propose that the western segment of the North Qilian Ocean basin may have closed during the Late Silurian, contributing to a diachronic closure process from east to west and offering insights into the tectonic evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 2","pages":"431-454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}