环球中医药 Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/glochi-2020-0011

Hongyang Shi, Tianmiao Wang

{"title":"Motivational strategies in Chinese language classrooms: A comparative study of novice and experienced teachers","authors":"Hongyang Shi, Tianmiao Wang","doi":"10.1515/glochi-2020-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2020-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Plenty of research in applied linguistics has confirmed that language teachers’ motivational strategies are playing a crucial role in relation to the learning motivation of their students. While previous research on motivational strategies has focused almost exclusively on teaching English as an international language (TESOL), this paper seeks to explore what motivational strategies are used by teachers of Chinese as a second language (CSL), and how their use differs between novice and experienced teachers in the Chinese cultural context in mainland China. The study was carried out in four Beijing universities with 90 novice and 85 experienced CSL teachers. The research instrument was adapted from the classical model developed by Dörnyei, Zoltán, & Kata Csizér. 1998. Ten Commandments for motivating language learners: Results of an empirical study. Language Teaching Research 2(3). 203–229. Participants were asked to rate the motivational strategies in terms of their perceived importance and the frequency by which they implemented them in their teaching practices. Following this, six participants also took part in semi-structured interviews. The findings of the study reveal a significant relationship between teachers’ preferences of motivational strategies and their cultural background, teaching objectives and the teaching contexts. Results also show a remarkable difference in motivational strategies between novice and experienced teachers at both macro and individual levels. The study suggests a few interpretations of the results and several implications for CSL teacher’s professional development based on its findings.","PeriodicalId":12769,"journal":{"name":"环球中医药","volume":"369 1","pages":"197 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77754678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Chinese vocabulary learning strategies by English-speaking learners: A think-aloud study 英语学习者的汉语词汇学习策略:一项有声思维研究

环球中医药 Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/glochi-2020-0013

Jingyu Yan

{"title":"Chinese vocabulary learning strategies by English-speaking learners: A think-aloud study","authors":"Jingyu Yan","doi":"10.1515/glochi-2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Learning Chinese vocabulary is challenging for learners whose first language is alphabet-based. Researchers have embarked on investigating Chinese vocabulary learning strategies from both a psycholinguistic and a pedagogical perspective. Learning strategies are defined as observable behaviors and mental actions that are consciously employed by learners for comprehending, processing, and storing language knowledge. This paper reports a study in which the think-aloud research method is employed for exploring Chinese vocabulary learning strategies of English-speaking learners. The participants were eight learners of Chinese from a university in the UK. The results reveal that learners employ orthographic strategies, semantic strategies, memory strategies, phonological strategies, and metacognitive strategies. Furthermore, this study found that overt physical behaviors and mental actions cannot be separated. Various mental actions were underneath similar physical behaviors, which may lead to variations in learning outcomes. Second, there are metacognitive strategies, with which the participants could use in deciding, monitoring, and evaluating the use of specific cognitive strategies. This study suggests that Chinese vocabulary learning strategies need to be described in a holistic manner wherein physical and mental actions involved in cognitive strategies and metacognitive strategies are all taken into consideration so as to inform strategy instruction.","PeriodicalId":12769,"journal":{"name":"环球中医药","volume":"59 1","pages":"237 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86370950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Introducing Chinese Hanzi at the beginning of teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) 对外汉语教学初期引入汉语汉字

环球中医药 Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/glochi-2020-0018

Aihong Yu, Gretchen Geng

引用次数: 0

二战前 “国语运动” 在新马社会的开展与普及二战前 “国语运动” 在新马社会的开展与普及

环球中医药 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/glochi-2020-0005

克威邱

引用次数: 1

从马来西亚华语看全球华语的跨境规划从马来西亚华语看全球华语的跨境规划

环球中医药 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/glochi-2020-0008

王晓梅

{"title":"从马来西亚华语看全球华语的跨境规划","authors":"王晓梅","doi":"10.1515/glochi-2020-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2020-0008","url":null,"abstract":"摘要\u0000 全球华语的概念近年来随着华语的国际传播而日益受到学术界的重视。目前，接受度较高的定义为 “以普通话/国语为基础的全世界华人的共同语”。它强调其内核是普通话的规范标准，然而我们不能忽视的是各个国语/华语变体中语言变异无处不在。我们应如何看待这些变异现象？跨境的华语规划应如何实施？本文以马来西亚华语为例，展示其语法变异现象，讨论华语规划应遵循的原则。我们以马来西亚华语中 “A 较 B 为 C”、“被” 字句和疑问句尾的 “的” 字为例，说明它们所受到的马来语、英语、近代汉语以及闽粤等方言的影响。本文主张制定跨境的华语规划时应充分考虑各地的华语变体的特点，以具体语言变式是否在书面语中使用、是否为该言语社区成员所普遍接受来认定其是否规范，而制定标准时来自近代汉语、方言以及外语的语言成分应该予以肯定。马来西亚的情况应该可以推广至东南亚以及其他地区，各地相似的语言背景、人口构成、移民历史等为我们制定跨境的华语规划带来一定的便利，也让采用全球华语的视角成为可能。","PeriodicalId":12769,"journal":{"name":"环球中医药","volume":"5 1","pages":"165 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88238920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

战前马新华语的推广与传播战前马新华语的推广与传播

环球中医药 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/glochi-2020-0004

威雄徐

引用次数: 1

Frontmatter

环球中医药 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/glochi-2020-frontmatter1

引用次数: 0

Language change and convergence in multilingual Malaysian Chinese 多语马来西亚华人的语言变迁与融合

环球中医药 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/glochi-2020-0002

R. Vollmann, Tek Wooi Soon

{"title":"Language change and convergence in multilingual Malaysian Chinese","authors":"R. Vollmann, Tek Wooi Soon","doi":"10.1515/glochi-2020-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2020-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background In the multilingual situation of Malaysia, standard languages and spoken vernaculars are interacting in intricate ways whereby various spoken languages share a pool of words from Malay, English and Mandarin. Structurally, all languages converge and influence the spoken varieties of the standard languages. Material and method This contribution observes the situation from the viewpoint of Hakka speakers. In an analysis of the communicative practices in an extended Hakka family and their non-Hakka friends, the interactions of the various languages in borrowing and code-switching have been analysed and later discussed with speakers. It is expected that standard languages influence language use over time. Analysis The adult generations of the family speak Hakka and effortlessly mix with other languages. Intergenerationally, language change (and possibly language loss) can be observed for Hakka. Mandarin is gaining importance for all speakers. At the same time, loanwords and loan translations from Malaysian, English and Mandarin are frequent. This Malaysian vocabulary is shared by all spoken languages, with only few differences in usage. Standard Chinese is gradually replacing old Hakka words in Hakka. Conclusions As can be expected, the spoken languages such as Hakka are quickly losing traditional lexemes and phrases, while Mandarin Chinese as well as English and Malaysian words are used in Hakka; at the same time, spoken Mandarin and spoken English converges structurally with the substratic Chinese dialects.","PeriodicalId":12769,"journal":{"name":"环球中医药","volume":"10 1","pages":"49 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75963251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

马来西亚华语传播的新趋势马来西亚华语传播的新趋势

环球中医药 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/glochi-2020-0009

_ _

引用次数: 1

Will a character based writing system stop Chinese becoming a global language? A review and reconsideration of the debate 基于汉字的书写系统会阻止汉语成为一种全球语言吗?对辩论的回顾和重新考虑

环球中医药 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/glochi-2020-0001

Jeffrey Gil

{"title":"Will a character based writing system stop Chinese becoming a global language? A review and reconsideration of the debate","authors":"Jeffrey Gil","doi":"10.1515/glochi-2020-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/glochi-2020-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Whether China’s rise means Chinese becomes a global language like English is a much discussed topic. Most academics and media commentators argue its character based writing system will prevent this because it is difficult and time consuming to learn. In this article I present four counter arguments informed by an analysis of the language practices, language ideologies and language planning surrounding the Chinese writing system and the characteristics of contemporary global English. Firstly, I argue this view is based on the flawed assumption that all learners of Chinese must learn to read and write, and must do so to a native-like level. This does not reflect the global use of English, as not everyone can read and write, and certainly not to a native-like level. People learn as much English as is required for their purposes, and the same would apply if Chinese was a global language. Next, I argue this view ignores the use of devices like computers and mobile phones which convert Pinyin Romanisation into characters, meaning learners need only learn Pinyin and character recognition, saving considerable time and effort. Thirdly, I show there is a historical precedent for the adoption of characters outside of China in the form of the long-standing use of written Chinese for scholarly and official purposes in Korea, Japan and Vietnam. This occurred due to China’s status as the most powerful country in the region, if not the world, and demonstrates people will learn and use characters if there is sufficient reason to do so. Finally, I argue this view focuses excessively on linguistic properties. The inconsistencies and irregularities of English’s writing system show linguistic properties do not determine whether a language becomes global. I conclude a character based writing system will not, in and of itself, prevent Chinese attaining global language status.","PeriodicalId":12769,"journal":{"name":"环球中医药","volume":"66 1","pages":"25 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83230914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

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