Grass and Forage Science最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of six lactic acid bacteria strains as silage inoculants in forages with different dry matter and water-soluble carbohydrate content","authors":"Horacio Gonda,&nbsp;Ivana Nikodinoska,&nbsp;Kate Le Cocq,&nbsp;Colm A. Moran","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12622","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12622","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The dry matter (DM), water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content, and epiphytic microbiota of forage during ensiling are critical for the production of high-quality preserved forage. This study tested the efficacy of six additive treatments (10⁶ CFU/g FM <i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i> IMI 507023, <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> [IMI 507026, IMI 507027, and IMI 507028] or <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> [IMI 507024 and IMI 507025]) as ensiling agents for grass-clover preservation. Treated and untreated forages were ensiled in 1.75 L glass jars and stored for 90 days at 20 ± 2°C. The effects of treatments on silage fermentation and aerobic stability were tested using grass-clover forage at low and high levels of DM (24.0%–40.1%) and WSC (1.78%–5.27%). Data analysis using a mixed-effects model and principal component analysis revealed improved silage fermentation in treated forages compared to that in the control. The fermentation-related analytes in the treated silages (low pH, ethanol, acetic acid, and high lactic acid) represented a typical homofermentative metabolic pathway. The silage inoculants significantly lowered DM losses and ammonia-N, % of total nitrogen content, ranging between 30.4%–52.5% and 30.5%–63.1% respectively, compared to the control. Additionally, forage type interacted with treatment, indicating that forage management is vital for ensiling and should be considered alongside inoculant use. The improvement in aerobic stability by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was inconsistent. The principal component analysis of all analytes showed that aerobic stability was most closely correlated with acetic acid and butyric acid concentrations. In conclusion, all LAB strains successfully improved the preservation of forage materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"636-647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45283818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root biomass and altitude jointly regulate the response of topsoil organic carbon density to severe degradation of high-altitude alpine meadows","authors":"Hongqin Li,&nbsp;Huimin Geng,&nbsp;Zhitao Zhang,&nbsp;Lubei Yi,&nbsp;Jianhao Wang,&nbsp;Fawei Zhang","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12621","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12621","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grassland degradation can substantially reduce soil carbon sequestration capacity. However, the effects of grassland degradation on soil organic carbon (SOC) density remain unquantified in high-altitude alpine meadows. In this study, the response and controlling mechanisms of topsoil (0–20 cm) organic carbon were explored in a field survey involving 11 pairs of healthy versus severely degraded plots of high-altitude (above 4000 m) alpine meadows, as well as three short-term (3–5 years) fencing restoration projects, across the source of the Yellow River in August of 2020 and 2021. The results showed that 0–20 cm root biomass, SOC content (SCC), and density (SCD) of healthy meadows averaged 533.7 ± 291.9 g/m² (mean ± S.D), 21.17 ± 9.36 g/kg, and 4.54 ± 1.64 kg C/m², respectively. Root biomass, SCC, and SCD were markedly reduced by 63.0%, 33.2%, and 17.6% in severely degraded grassland compared with healthy meadows. The SCC and SCD averaged 7.92 ± 2.21 g/kg and 2.2 ± 0.9 kg C/m² in fencing plots, respectively, and were not significantly different from severely degraded meadows, suggesting a limited improvement in SOC from short-term fencing restoration. Analysis of a piecewise structural equation model revealed that the effect of degradation on SCD (indicated by the difference in SCD between paired healthy and degraded meadows) was jointly regulated by the differential surface root biomass and site altitude, with a total positive effect of 0.39 and 0.26, respectively. Our findings indicate the losses of topsoil organic carbon stock caused by grassland degradation are root biomass- and altitude-dependent, supporting the notion that antecedent prevention of degradation, more than subsequent restoration, should be the highest priority in the adaptive management of alpine meadows in harsh high-altitude regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"69-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46995879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of lactic acid bacteria and molasses on the fermentation quality, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and microbial community of Korshinsk peashrub (Caragana korshinskii Kom.) silages harvested at two growth stages","authors":"Wencan Ke,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Marketta Rinne,&nbsp;Marcia de Oliveira Franco,&nbsp;Fuhou Li,&nbsp;Yufan Lin,&nbsp;Qing Zhang,&nbsp;Yimin Cai,&nbsp;Guijie Zhang","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12619","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12619","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the effects of additives on fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and microbial communities of Korshinsk peashrub (<i>Caragana korshinskii</i> Kom.) silages at different maturity stages. Korshinsk peashrub was harvested at budding (S1) and blooming (S2) stages, and ensiled without additives (CON), or with 5% molasses (M0), or a combination of 5% molasses and either <i>L. plantarum</i> CLP (M1) or <i>L. plantarum</i> L694 (M2). Each treatment was triplicated and ensiled for 60 days. Delayed harvest increased water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), neutral detergent fibre (aNDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) in silages at S2 stage, whereas crude protein (CP) was lower in silages at S1 stage. Compared with the CON group, the additives treated silages had lower pH, greater lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA), and WSC concentrations (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). Application of molasses alone or in combination with CLP had a noticeable effect on bacterial communities, with an increase in <i>Lactobacillus</i> in silages at both stages, whereas M2 silages presented more unfavourable microorganisms. Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that LA concentration in silage was positively correlated with <i>Lactobacillus</i> relative abundance at both stages, while ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration was positively correlated with the relative abundances of <i>unclassified-f-Enterobacteriaceae</i> and <i>Enterobacter</i>. In conclusion, delayed harvest could result in greater WSC and aNDF but lower CP in Korshinsk peashrub silage. Low WSC is the primary limiting factor affecting silage quality, and ensiling with molasses accelerated lactic acid fermentation in Korshinsk peashrub silage, providing a high-quality forage resource for livestock production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"56-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43608684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alley cropping tree lines alter temperature and light quantity and influence daily growth rates of grassland","authors":"Rahel Sutterlütti,&nbsp;Manfred Kayser,&nbsp;Martin Komainda,&nbsp;Johannes Isselstein","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12618","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12618","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trees alter microclimate and radiation budget in alley cropping systems, which in turn change physiological processes of the grassland component. The influence of the trees on grassland growth depends on the climate zone as well as possibly on weather conditions during the respective growth interval. The proportion of shade-tolerant species in the grassland further modifies the tree effect on grassland growth, as well as the number of annual harvests. We studied the effect of distance and orientation relative to the tree line (tree line in the South-West vs. North-East) on growth rates of the adjacent grassland with two cutting frequencies (frequent vs. infrequent) in an alley cropping system with grassland of two different vegetation compositions (diverse vs. grass-clover) and willow clones. Microclimate parameters and radiation were measured at the points where growth rates were determined to better characterize the effect of position relative to the tree line. Growth rates differed significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) depending on the distance to the trees and annual biomass accumulation amounted to 389 ± 13.5 g m⁻² in the center vs. 321 ± 10.0 g m⁻² with trees in the North-East vs. 292 ± 9.2 g m⁻² with trees in the South-West of the transect position. Lower growth rates occurred at positions with lower light quantities close to the trees, namely the position with the trees adjacent in the South-West. Temperature and relative humidity differences between the distances were significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) affected by distance to the tree line, but differences in neither soil nor air temperatures between the distances affected growth rates. Vegetation composition mediates the influence of the trees: the difference between positions was more pronounced in the diverse vegetation composition with higher productivities in the center between the alleys, but also with higher overall sward productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 3","pages":"402-415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42466117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry-matter production and botanical composition of multispecies and perennial ryegrass swards under varying defoliation management","authors":"Shona Baker,&nbsp;Mary B. Lynch,&nbsp;Fionnuala Godwin,&nbsp;Eugene Brennan,&nbsp;Tommy M. Boland,&nbsp;Alexander C. O. Evans,&nbsp;Alan K. Kelly,&nbsp;Helen Sheridan","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12615","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12615","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multispecies swards, comprised of different plant functional groups have comparable production potential to high N input <i>L. perenne</i> swards at reduced N when legumes are included. However, information on the appropriate management of multispecies swards is limited. The effect of differing management practices on the herbage dry-matter (DM) production and botanical composition of different sward types was investigated using a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design plot experiment. The experiment consisted of three sward types: <i>L. perenne</i>-only receiving (LP; 250 kg N ha⁻¹ a⁻¹); <i>L. perenne-Trifolium repens</i> (LP-TR); multispecies sward containing <i>L. perenne</i>, <i>Phleum pratense</i>, <i>Trifolium repens</i>, <i>Trifolium pratense</i>, <i>Plantago lanceolata</i> and <i>Cichorium intybus</i> (MSS). LP-TR and MSS received 90 kg N ha⁻¹ a⁻¹. Harvesting of plot herbage took place every 21 or 28 days to a defoliation height of 4 or 6 cm, over two growing seasons (March to November 2020 and 2021 inclusive). Annual herbage produced by both LP and LP-TR was not significantly affected by defoliation frequency. However, MSS produced 1923 kg DM ha⁻¹ a⁻¹ more herbage when harvested less frequently. Unsown species contributed significantly less to the herbage DM of MSS compared to LP and LP-TR and remained similar in 2020 and 2021, whereas the contribution of unsown species to herbage DM increased in LP and LP-TR from 2020 to 2021, with noxious species more associated with LP and LP-TR than MSS. Results demonstrate the role of multispecies swards in improving the sustainability of grass-based agricultural systems in an environment of reduced fertilizer inputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 3","pages":"390-401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12615","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44327061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower soil nitrous oxide emissions by a high lipid genetically modified perennial ryegrass line compared to its wild type","authors":"Saman Bowatte,&nbsp;Paul Newton,&nbsp;Coby Hoogendoorn,&nbsp;Somrutai Winichayakul,&nbsp;Nick Roberts,&nbsp;Shona Brock,&nbsp;Phil Theobald,&nbsp;Danica Thompson,&nbsp;Hong Xue,&nbsp;Dongwen Luo","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12616","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12616","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We describe an experiment where cattle urine was applied at a rate of 420 kg N ha⁻¹, equivalent to 10 L m⁻², to mesocosm swards of a high lipid genetically modified perennial ryegrass line (HME) and its wild type (WT). We measured N pools and fluxes in the plant and soil, soil microbial populations and N₂O production. HME plants produced 21% greater biomass than WT (<i>p</i> = .02), resulting in greater N uptake (27% higher in HME, <i>p</i> = .05). Urine N recovery in total plant biomass during the experiment in HME and WT swards were 54.7% and 33.9% respectively. The nitrification potential of soil was significantly lower (<i>p</i> = .01) in HME than WT. Partial least square-discriminant analysis using microbial gene abundance data indicated that HME and WT plant growth induced distinct microbial populations in the soil. These differences in plant soil microbial interactions between HME and WT swards resulted in significantly lower N₂O emissions from the HME sward. Total N₂O emissions over the 4 weeks after urine application was 38% lower (<i>p</i> &lt; .03) in HME swards than in WT swards. The next step in this work is to identify the specific changes in HME traits that drive the reduction in N₂O.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 3","pages":"327-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12616","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46084760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Above and belowground litter decomposition of cover crops grazed at different intensities","authors":"Erick R. S. Santos,&nbsp;José C. B. Dubeux Jr.,&nbsp;Cheryl Mackowiak,&nbsp;Lynn E. Sollenberger,&nbsp;Gustavo D. Farias,&nbsp;Bruno G. C. Homem,&nbsp;David M. Jaramillo,&nbsp;Luana Q. S. D. Zagato,&nbsp;Luana M. Dantas Queiroz,&nbsp;David L. Wright,&nbsp;Nicolas DiLorenzo,&nbsp;Martin Ruiz-Moreno","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12617","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12617","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grazing cover crops may increase land-use efficiency while promoting sustainability. We investigated how grazing intensity affects cover crop litter quantity, quality, decomposition, and cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) N uptake. Cover crops were a mixture of rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) and oat (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) managed as follows: no grazing +34 kg N ha⁻¹ (NG34), no grazing +90 kg N ha⁻¹ (NG90), heavy grazing (HG), moderate grazing (MG), and light grazing (LG). Grazed treatments received 90 kg N ha⁻¹. After cover crop termination, above- and belowground litter was collected and incubated in situ for 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 days, with cotton plants sampled on the same days to estimate N recovery and synchrony between N release from litter and uptake by cotton. By Day 128, only 13% of initial NG34 aboveground biomass had disappeared, whereas 42% of HG disappeared. Nitrogen retained in aboveground litter of HG was less than NG90 (27 vs. 60 kg N ha⁻¹), and aboveground final N stock (at Day 128) of HG was less than NG90 and LG (16, 47, and 41 kg N ha⁻¹, respectively). Belowground litter contributed 98 kg N ha⁻¹ versus 46 for aboveground. Belowground N disappearance from litter bags was greater from NG90 than NG34 (39 vs. 21 kg N ha⁻¹). Cotton N uptake by Day 128 was similar across treatments (191 kg N ha⁻¹). Grazing cover crops impact aboveground litter quantity, quality, and decomposition rates, and belowground litter plays an important role on the N cycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 3","pages":"376-389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12617","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41269879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canopy leaf area and leaf mass in the upper stratum of Urochloa hybrid ‘Mavuno’ grass subjected to nitrogen fertilisation","authors":"Raíne Fonseca de Mattos,&nbsp;Caroline Megumi Matuo,&nbsp;Valdo Rodrigues Herling,&nbsp;Adriano Rogério Bruno Tech,&nbsp;Lilian Elgalise Techio Pereira","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12614","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrogen (N) inputs are recognised to maximise herbage mass (HM) in tropical perennial grasses, whereas less is clear on their impact on HM distribution and the effects on leaf mass (LM) and leaf area index (LAI) in the upper stratum. This 2 year study, carried out in Pirassununga, Brazil, assessed the HM distribution in the upper (&gt;20 cm) and lower (&lt;20 cm) strata in <i>Urochloa</i> hybrid ‘Mavuno’ grass maintained under similar pre- and post-cutting canopy heights with contrasting N fertilisation rates applied after each cutting (no-nitrogen, 15, 30, and 45 kg N ha⁻¹). The relevance of specific leaf area (SLA), leaf N concentration (NLeaf), tiller weight (TW) and population density to the LM and LAI of the upper stratum were also examined. Mavuno grass expressed a stable HM &lt; 20 cm (59%–71% during Year I and 66%–80% for Year II), and apparent N fertilisation impacts on HM &gt; 20 cm were verified at specific regrowth cycles during Year II. Mavuno grass pastures expressed plasticity for adjustments on leaf, tiller and population attributes, which were modulated by both climatic conditions and N fertilisation. Under favourable growth conditions during Year I, fertilised pastures were able to sustain higher NLeaf and SLA but associated with lower TW, resulting in maximisation of LAI but not in LM in the upper stratum. During Year II, fertilised pastures expressed higher NLeaf, SLA, number of basal tillers, despite the lowest TW, which resulted in higher LAI and LM in the upper stratum compared with non-fertilised pastures. Our results highlighted that adjustments on leaf and population attributes within the canopy were driven to maximise the upper stratum LAI, being positively affected by N fertilisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 3","pages":"359-375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50147680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of slurry application techniques on nitrous oxide emission from temperate grassland under varying soil and climatic conditions","authors":"John Kormla Nyameasem,&nbsp;Reiner Ruser,&nbsp;Christof Kluß,&nbsp;Christoph Essich,&nbsp;Mareike Zutz,&nbsp;Martin ten Huf,&nbsp;Caroline Buchen-Tschiskale,&nbsp;Heinz Flessa,&nbsp;Hans-Werner Olfs,&nbsp;Friedhelm Taube,&nbsp;Thorsten Reinsch","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12612","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12612","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of slurry application techniques and slurry N stabilizing strategies on nitrous oxide emission from grasslands is poorly understood and, therefore, can result in large uncertainties in national/regional inventories. Field experiments were, thus, conducted to estimate the effect of different fertilization techniques on nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. Fertilizer was applied (135–270 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) as calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), untreated or treated cattle slurry. The slurry was either treated with sulfuric acid (target pH = 6.0), applied using trailing shoes or treated with 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate and applied via slot injection. N₂O fluxes were sampled using the closed chamber technique. Cumulative N₂O emissions ranged 0.1–2.9 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ across the treatment, sites and years. The N application techniques showed inconsistent effects on soil mineral N content, cumulative N₂O emission and N yield. The fertilizer replacement value of slurry was low due to low N use efficiencies at the sites. However, a close positive relationship (<i>r</i> = 0.5; <i>p</i> = .013) between slurry value and biomass yield was observed, highlighting the benefit of high slurry value on crop productivity. N₂O-N emission factors were low for all treatments, including CAN, but were 2–6 times higher in 2019 than in 2020 due to lower precipitation in 2020. Variations in N₂O emission were largely explained by soil and climatic factors. Even with the low N₂O emissions, this study highlights the benefit (significant mitigation of N₂O emissions) of replacing the increasingly expensive chemical fertilizer N with input from slurry under favourable conditions for denitrification.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 3","pages":"338-358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46305593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forage intake and nitrogen metabolism of beef cattle grazing palisadegrass-calopo mixed pasture managed using canopy light interception","authors":"Jacqueline dos Santos Oliveira,&nbsp;Luis Depablos,&nbsp;Bruno Grossi Costa Homem,&nbsp;Igor Machado Ferreira,&nbsp;Robert Michael Boddey,&nbsp;Adenilson José Paiva,&nbsp;Márcio André Stefanelli Lara,&nbsp;Daniel Rume Casagrande","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12613","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12613","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To define the best grazing management strategy, it is important to assess animals' responses to variations in the structure and composition of tropical forages. This 2-year study evaluated animal response to Marandu palisadegrass (<i>Urochloa brizantha</i>)-calopo (<i>Calopogonium mucunoides</i>) mixed pastures managed under rotational grazing. Treatments consisted of three defoliation frequencies defined by rest periods interrupted at 90% (90LI), 95% (95LI) and 100% (100LI) of photosynthetically active radiation interception (LI). The stubble post-grazing height target was 15 cm. Statistical difference was declared at <i>p &lt; .</i>10. The 100LI had lowest crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDDM) for the Marandu palisadegrass (<i>p =</i> &lt;.001 both) and calopo (<i>p =</i> .003 and <i>p =</i> .067, respectively). Also, the OM digestibility decreased 7.0% in the 100LI condition than 90LI and 95LI treatment (<i>p =</i> .005). There was no difference in forage, grass, and legume intakes between the treatments (<i>p &gt;</i> .10). The 100LI treatment decreased CP intake from grass in 33.3% (<i>p =</i> &lt;.001) compared to other treatments. Greatest production of microbial N (<i>p =</i> .093) occurred with the 90LI treatment. The CP/digestible organic matter (DOM) ratio, urinary N excretion and retained N were lowest in the 100LI treatment (<i>p =</i> &lt;.001, <i>p =</i> .007 and <i>p =</i> .014, respectively). The recommendation for grazing between 90 and 95% of LI is recommended because of greater CP intake and N utilization for the animals and improved the nutritive value of Marandu palisadegrass and calopo mixed pastures.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 3","pages":"416-424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44278718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}