Grass and Forage Science最新文献_第8页

Eco-efficiency of leys—The trigger for sustainable integrated crop-dairy farming systems 草地的生态效率——可持续作物-奶牛综合养殖系统的触发器

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Grass and Forage Science Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12639

Friedhelm Taube, John Kormla Nyameasem, Friederike Fenger, Lianne Alderkamp, Christof Kluß, Ralf Loges

{"title":"Eco-efficiency of leys—The trigger for sustainable integrated crop-dairy farming systems","authors":"Friedhelm Taube, John Kormla Nyameasem, Friederike Fenger, Lianne Alderkamp, Christof Kluß, Ralf Loges","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12639","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12639","url":null,"abstract":"The specialisation of agricultural systems in Western Europe and the intensification of livestock and cropping production are intrinsically linked to substantial resource inputs. This intensified approach frequently leads to nutrient surpluses and biodiversity loss, resulting in detrimental environmental impacts. A transformative agricultural shift is imperative in light of climate and environmental protection objectives. Addressing this need, the Lindhof eco-efficient pasture-based milk production initiative, initiated in 2016, is a tangible manifestation of a productive and profitable dairy system integrated within a ley-based Integrated Crop-Livestock System (ICLS). Operational at the organically managed Lindhof farm, this approach involves a rotational stocking system of spring-calving Jersey cows stocked on grass-clover-herb leys embedded within a cash crop rotation. The dairy cows benefit from these highly productive swards, rich in nutritive value comparable to concentrate feeding. At the same time, the cultivated crops derive advantages from the legacy effect of leys due to nutrient exchange facilitated by grazing excreta and residual crop matter. Compared to specialised systems, the ley-based ICLS emerges as an alternative dairy production paradigm that supports many ecosystem services – including minimised nutrient losses, a lower carbon footprint and positive contributions to agro-biodiversity. These outcomes are realised without compromising overall land-use efficiency while reducing environmental and social costs of 20–30 Eurocent per kg of milk produced compared to specialised systems. Thus, the ley-based ICLS conforms to the principles of ecological intensification, enhancing functional diversity within the agricultural landscape. Essentially, the Lindhof initiative represents a holistic and environmentally responsible approach to farming that could contribute to realising the EU Farm to Fork Strategy.","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 2","pages":"108-119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138533424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) accessions differ in nitrogen cycling during a simulated seasonal senescence 结缕草(结缕草属)在模拟季节性衰老过程中氮循环不同

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Grass and Forage Science Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12638

Huisen Zhu, Huimin Guo, Deying Li

{"title":"Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) accessions differ in nitrogen cycling during a simulated seasonal senescence","authors":"Huisen Zhu, Huimin Guo, Deying Li","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12638","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12638","url":null,"abstract":"Zoysiagrass is a valuable low maintenance warm-season turfgrass. Nitrogen management is one of the most important management practices that affect colour retention and winter hardiness. However, the N cycling during seasonal senescence and its interaction with low temperature acclimation are not well-understood. The objective of this experiment was to understand the initiation of senescence as affected by environmental signals and the contribution of chlorophyll and protein degradation to N metabolites. Two commercial cultivars (‘Meyer’ and ‘Zenith’), seven wild accessions of Z. japonica, one wild accession of Z. matrella, and one wild accession of Z. pacifica from China were tested. Mature plants were exposed to four sequential environmental conditions to simulate fall shortening light photoperiods and decreasing temperatures as low as 0°C. Major N containing compounds and key enzymes in N metabolism during the senescence and low temperature acclimation were measured. The results showed that accessions of zoysiagrass from low latitudes had higher chlorophyll retention and lower N recycle (low soluble protein and NH4-N) than those from higher latitudes in a simulated late fall, indicating that different mechanisms were responsible for the senescence and low temperature acclimation. In general, chlorophyll and soluble protein concentration decreased during the senescence which led to an increase of total free amino acids, especially glutamine, prior to the low temperature dormancy. The changes in N metabolism and the N uptake were also reflected in the decrease of NO3-N and increase of NH4-N, as well as relevant enzyme activities in the key steps. The signal and regulation mechanism in N cycling during the seasonal senescence and acclimation requires further investigations.","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"90-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138543303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parameters of nitrogen use efficiency of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars at different N levels under deficit irrigation 亏缺灌溉下不同氮水平下肯塔基蓝草品种氮素利用效率参数

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Grass and Forage Science Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12637

Huisen Zhu, Peng Guo, Deying Li

{"title":"Parameters of nitrogen use efficiency of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars at different N levels under deficit irrigation","authors":"Huisen Zhu, Peng Guo, Deying Li","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12637","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12637","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing N use efficiency (NUE) is desirable in turfgrass management. Traditional definition of NUE in turfgrass is essentially the inverse of nitrogen concentration in the clippings and is often evaluated once in a growing season. In this experiment, we followed the Brenderse and Aerts' definition of NUE as the product of mean residence time (MRT) and nitrogen productivity (NP). The objective of this experiment was to identify NP changes over time in Kentucky bluegrass cultivars at different N levels under deficit irrigation. Nine Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and two hybrid bluegrass cultivars from 10 phenotypic classes were tested under N rates of 10 and 40 g m−2. Deficit irrigation at 60% of the evapotranspiration was imposed. The results showed interaction effects on NP from N level, irrigation, and cultivar. Low-N treatment resulted in higher NP values as compared to high-N for ‘Merit’ and ‘Martha’. No NP difference existed between N or irrigation levels for ‘Blue ghost’, ‘Geronimo’, ‘Heidi’, ‘Bandera’, ‘Impact’, ‘Fielder’, ‘Jackrabbit’, and ‘Park’. ‘Rhythm’ showed lower NP values in high-N combined with full irrigation compared to other treatments. In general, increasing N levels resulted in lower NP, but higher nitrate reductase activity (NaR) and higher net photosynthesis. No N by irrigation interaction effect was detected for effective quantum yield or NaR. In conclusion, leaf-level NP was shown to be an effective parameter for in-season monitoring of the above-ground NUE of Kentucky bluegrass, which provided more dynamic information than clipping yields or a one-time NUE calculation based on traditional definition.","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"78-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138533435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do regrowth age and microbial inoculant usage affect the microbial diversity and fermentation characteristics of forage peanut silage? 生长年龄和微生物接种剂的使用会影响饲用花生青贮的微生物多样性和发酵特性吗？

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Grass and Forage Science Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12632

Alberto Jefferson da Silva Macêdo, Odilon Gomes Pereira, Gabriela Duarte Oliveira Leite, Hosnerson Renan Oliveira Santos, Danielle Nascimento Coutinho, Patrícia Siqueira Leite, Vanessa Paula da Silva, Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho, Karina Guimarães Ribeiro

{"title":"Do regrowth age and microbial inoculant usage affect the microbial diversity and fermentation characteristics of forage peanut silage?","authors":"Alberto Jefferson da Silva Macêdo, Odilon Gomes Pereira, Gabriela Duarte Oliveira Leite, Hosnerson Renan Oliveira Santos, Danielle Nascimento Coutinho, Patrícia Siqueira Leite, Vanessa Paula da Silva, Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho, Karina Guimarães Ribeiro","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12632","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12632","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the fermentation characteristics, microbial diversity, chemical composition, and in vitro digestibility of forage peanut silage harvested at two regrowth ages and treated with microbial inoculants at different fermentation periods. A randomized block design was used, with two regrowth ages (R; 40 and 80 days), three microbial inoculants (I; control without inoculant [CTRL], strain AV14.17—Lactiplantibacillus pentosus strain AV14.17 [ISO], and commercial inoculant [CI] Sil-All 4 × 4 (Lallemand Animal Nutrition®, Patos de Minas-MG, Brazil), and four storage time (ST; 3, 14, 30, and 60 days after ensiling) arranged in a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The R × I × ST interaction had a significant effect (p ≤ .05) on the ammoniacal nitrogen content in relation to total nitrogen (NH3-N/ total N) and on the yeast population. The I × ST interaction also had a significant effect (p ≤ .05) on pH, soluble carbohydrate, NH3-N/total N, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and filamentous fungi. Inoculated silages with ISO and CI showed lower pH and NH3-N/total N values, as well as lower abundance of enterobacteria, yeast, and filamentous fungi. In silages inoculated with ISO, the relative abundance of genus Lactiplantibacillus was high and that of genus Enterobacter was low. Silages inoculated with ISO and CI showed predominance of the family Lactobacillaceae. The data support the recommendation to ensile forage peanut at both regrowth ages (40 and 80 days) associated with microbial inoculant application to promote improvements in the fermentation characteristics of the silage and a greater abundance of genus Lactiplantibacillus.","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"602-621"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selection of succeeding crops for a double-cropping system in alpine pastoral areas of the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau 青藏高原高寒牧区双季稻后茬作物的选择

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Grass and Forage Science Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12629

Yuxin Ren, Hancheng Liu, Xinhui Tian, Wenhua Du

{"title":"Selection of succeeding crops for a double-cropping system in alpine pastoral areas of the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau","authors":"Yuxin Ren, Hancheng Liu, Xinhui Tian, Wenhua Du","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12629","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12629","url":null,"abstract":"To establish artificial grassland annually, oats, a traditional forage species, are normally cultivated in Qinghai–Tibetan alpine pastoral areas in spring and harvested the same year. Selection a suitable autumn-sown forage species and succeeding crop, thus harvest of two crops per year, would increase forage yield and quality. We used the triticale variety Gannong No. 2 as an autumn-sown crop and evaluated the performance of different succeeding crops: B1 (50% triticale and 50% common vetch), B2 (40% rye and 60% common vetch), B3 (50% oats and 50% common vetch), B4 (triticale), B5 (rye), and B6 (oats). We analysed crop productivity and nutrition at two sites in China in 2019 and 2020: Hezuo, and Lhasa. The highest hay yield (15.03 t ha−1) and crude protein content (12.22%) of autumn-sown triticale as well as the highest average hay yield (6.05 t ha−1) and comprehensive evaluation value (0.80) of the six succeeding crops were obtained at the Lhasa site. At both sites, the succeeding crop with the highest average hay yield (6.30 t ha−1), crude protein content (13.08%), and comprehensive evaluation value (1.00) was B1. In regard to the interaction of environment and succeeding crop, the highest hay yield (8.07 t ha−1) and comprehensive evaluation value (0.95) were obtained with B1 at the Hezuo site. Forage yield and nutrition can be significantly elevated by using autumn-sown triticale double-cropped with B1. The results first examine double cropping in alpine pastoral areas, provide a theoretical basis for establishing a double-cropping cultivation system in this region.","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134906856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of remotely sensed inventories for land cover classification of public grasslands in Manitoba, Canada 加拿大马尼托巴省公共草地土地覆被分类遥感清单评估

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Grass and Forage Science Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12631

Jan Bryan M. Encabo, Marcos R. C. Cordeiro, Nasem Badreldin, Emma J. McGeough, David Walker

{"title":"Assessment of remotely sensed inventories for land cover classification of public grasslands in Manitoba, Canada","authors":"Jan Bryan M. Encabo, Marcos R. C. Cordeiro, Nasem Badreldin, Emma J. McGeough, David Walker","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12631","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12631","url":null,"abstract":"Land cover classification is one of the most common applications of remote sensing and is used for developing and modifying land management policies on agricultural landscapes to achieve conservation and economic goals, such as reducing grassland degradation and improving livestock and crop production. In this study, the grassland classification of the crown lands (public grasslands in Canada) from a newly developed remotely sensed dataset in the Prairie Province of Manitoba (i.e., the Manitoba Grassland Inventory, MGI) was assessed in terms of accuracy by comparison to non-spatial government records. The analysis consisted of (i) converting non-spatial records from the provincial crown land database to spatially-defined parcels by performing parcel delineations using geographic information system (GIS) and R programming tools, (ii) summarising the MGI classification at the same spatial scale, and (iii) comparing the agreement between MGI and the crown land database. The most common land cover types identified were: forest (30%) and shrubland (25%), followed by native (10%) and tame (9%) grasslands. However, the class agreements between woody (i.e., forests and shrublands) and grassy (i.e., native and tame grasslands) vegetation classes were low between these datasets because of their spectral similarities. Based on these results, we suggest additional refinements on both sensor and ground data to improve the classification agreement between these datasets. This study is one of the first attempts to compare ground-collected government records against a remotely sensed product in Manitoba.","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"590-601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12631","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135167024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonal and species variation in raffinose, short-chain fructan, and long-chain fructan accumulation in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) grown in Central Kentucky 肯塔基州中部种植的高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea Schreb.）和梯牧草（Phleum pratense L.）中棉子糖、短链果聚糖和长链果聚糖积累的季节和物种差异

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Grass and Forage Science Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12633

Isabelle A. Kagan, Brittany E. Davis, Rachel R. Schendel

{"title":"Seasonal and species variation in raffinose, short-chain fructan, and long-chain fructan accumulation in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) grown in Central Kentucky","authors":"Isabelle A. Kagan, Brittany E. Davis, Rachel R. Schendel","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12633","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12633","url":null,"abstract":"Fructans in cool-season grasses may have some negative effects on equine health. However, they may have positive effects on ruminant performance, and fructans of different lengths appear to be metabolized differently in the rumen. Hence, seasonal variation in fructan concentrations may impact equine and ruminant performance. Long-chain fructan with degree of polymerization (DP) > 8, short-chain fructan (DP 4 to 8), raffinose, and three fructan trisaccharides were profiled and quantified in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivar ‘Clair’ and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivar ‘Cajun II’ harvested in April, June, August, and October of two consecutive years in central Kentucky. Harvest year influenced concentrations of long-chain fructan (p = .0017). Harvest date influenced species differences in raffinose (p = .0035), which was most abundant in timothy in June, and in 1-kestose and neokestose (p < .0001), which were most abundant in tall fescue in April. Harvest date influenced species differences in short- and long-chain fructan (p < .0001). Tall fescue had two- to three-fold more short-chain fructan than timothy in April, August, and October. Timothy had two- to five-fold more long-chain fructan than tall fescue in April, June, and October. Species choice and weather patterns may have contributed to relatively low concentrations of all the carbohydrates measured in this study. Fermentation or feeding studies could help to determine if the concentrations present could affect equine health or ruminant performance.","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"536-546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agronomic and physiological responses of corn intercropped with palisadegrass growing in full sun or in a crop-livestock-forestry systems 在全日照或作物-牲畜-林业系统中间作棕榈草的玉米的农艺和生理反应

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Grass and Forage Science Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12634

Leandro F. Domiciano, Bruno C. Pedreira, Joadil G. Abreu, Dalton H. Pereira, Ciro A. S. Magalhães, Gretchen F. Sassenrath

{"title":"Agronomic and physiological responses of corn intercropped with palisadegrass growing in full sun or in a crop-livestock-forestry systems","authors":"Leandro F. Domiciano, Bruno C. Pedreira, Joadil G. Abreu, Dalton H. Pereira, Ciro A. S. Magalhães, Gretchen F. Sassenrath","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12634","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12634","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need to enhance agricultural intensification and diversification by establishing alternative crop-livestock-forestry systems. Our objective was to compare the production and physiological characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.) either intercropped with Marandu palisadegrass [Brachiaria (syn. Urichloa) brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster] growing in full sun (FS), or in a crop-livestock-forestry with single-row (CLFs) and triple-row (CLFt) groves of Eucalyptus urograndis (hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden and Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake). In the CLFs and CLFt, the trees were spaced at 37 m (90 tree ha−1) and 30 m (135 tree ha−1), respectively. The experiment was carried out for 2 years in a randomised complete block with three replications in a strip-split-plot arrangement with measurements at 5 sites between groves (7 and 13 m on the south face, central, and 7 and 13 m on the north face). The forage mass for full sun, CLFs, and CLFt was 10.9, 9.5, and 6.2 Mg DM ha−1 in 2017 and 28.9, 21.5, and 14.0 Mg DM ha−1 in 2018, while the grain yield was 3.38, 3.34, and 1.66 Mg DM ha−1 in 2017 and 7.90, 4.66, and 2.55 Mg DM ha−1 in 2018. The forage mass (10.1 Mg DM ha−1 in 2017 and 23.9 Mg DM ha−1 in 2018) and grain yield (3.3 Mg DM ha−1 in 2017 and 5.0 Mg DM ha−1 in 2018) in the central and 13 m north distances were greater than in the 7 m north and south, with less light transmission and red: far-red ratio. We concluded that corn intercropped with palisadegrass in an integrated crop-livestock-forestry system was negatively affected by the reduction in radiation transmission, resulting in reduced corn height, forage mass, and grain yield than in the full sun.","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"501-514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Convergence points of optimal herbage accumulation and intake rate by sheep grazing tall fescue 绵羊放牧高羊茅的最佳草料积累量和采食量的汇合点

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Grass and Forage Science Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12630

Leonardo Silvestri Szymczak, Anibal de Moraes, Reuben Mark Sulc, David Barker, Alda Lucia Gomes Monteiro, Claudete R. Lang, Renata Franciéli Moraes, Gilles Lemaire, Paulo César de Faccio Carvalho

{"title":"Convergence points of optimal herbage accumulation and intake rate by sheep grazing tall fescue","authors":"Leonardo Silvestri Szymczak, Anibal de Moraes, Reuben Mark Sulc, David Barker, Alda Lucia Gomes Monteiro, Claudete R. Lang, Renata Franciéli Moraes, Gilles Lemaire, Paulo César de Faccio Carvalho","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12630","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12630","url":null,"abstract":"Pasture management oriented towards sustainable intensification and stability of yield must consider the ideal balance between the mass of leaves removed by grazing and the mass left as residual. The former supports high animal production and the later supports an optimum soil–plant carbon balance. This study aimed to evaluate the optimal herbage level from both plant and animal perspectives, through the adjustment of instantaneous herbage accumulation rate as estimated by the Gompertz curve model and short-term intake rate of sheep. Weekly tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) herbage accumulation was measured during seven growth periods with initiation dates in October, November and December 2015, and March, April, August and September 2016 and with the initiation dates arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Total herbage mass, leaf lamina mass, pseudo-stem + sheath mass, senescent mass, and sward surface height were measured each week. The results demonstrated that a pre-grazing sward surface height of 22.3 cm of tall fescue promoted the maximum short-term intake rate of sheep and the optimum herbage accumulation rate in the spring and autumn periods. In general, the convergent point occurred after the maximum instantaneous leaf lamina accumulation rate and before the maximum instantaneous accumulation rate of pseudo-stem + sheath and senescent material. We suggest the existence of a convergent point in which both primary and secondary production of pastoral ecosystems could be fostered.","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"578-589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shoot nitrogen concentrations required for optimal herbage growth of multiple perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars relative to modern summer-active cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars 多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.）与现代夏季活性鸡冠花（Dactylis glomerata L.）和高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea Schreb.）

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Grass and Forage Science Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12627

Adam D. Langworthy, Ross Corkrey, Richard P. Rawnsley, James L. Hills

{"title":"Shoot nitrogen concentrations required for optimal herbage growth of multiple perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars relative to modern summer-active cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars","authors":"Adam D. Langworthy, Ross Corkrey, Richard P. Rawnsley, James L. Hills","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12627","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12627","url":null,"abstract":"One possible approach for improving the nitrogen (N)-use efficiency of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pastures and reducing environmental N losses is to select cultivars or incorporate alternative pasture species with lower shoot N concentrations. Viability of this strategy depends on herbage production not being unduly compromised. A pot experiment compared the shoot N concentration requirements of a diverse range of perennial ryegrass cultivars to achieve 90% and 99% of the herbage yield maxima achievable within a 20 day regrowth cycle. This research was undertaken to quantify if and what effect Australasian breeding programs have had on the N nutrition of perennial ryegrass. Our experiment found minimal genetic variation in the shoot N concentration requirements for vegetative perennial ryegrass swards to achieve near-maximum herbage yields of living biomass. Across evaluated cultivars, swards achieving 90% and 99% of herbage yield maxima required minimum shoot N concentrations (on a dry matter basis) of 2.56% and 2.87%, respectively. Our experiment also evaluated the shoot N concentration requirements of modern summer-active cocksfoot (syn. orchardgrass; Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) ecotypes. We found their shoot N concentration requirements to achieve optimal herbage growth to be similar to those of perennial ryegrass. Taken together, our results suggest that within the perennial ryegrass genome, and among similar high yielding temperate perennial grasses, there may be limited scope for selecting plants with lower shoot N concentration requirements.","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"525-535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136361801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0