Grass and Forage Science最新文献

{"title":"Nitrogen rate and harvesting time based on growing degree days influenced winter cereal rye morphological traits, forage yield, quality, and farm profit in poorly drained Alfisols","authors":"Kelsey Vaughn,&nbsp;Oladapo Adeyemi,&nbsp;Omid R. Zandvakili,&nbsp;Martin L. Battaglia,&nbsp;Sirwan Babaei,&nbsp;Jayakrishnan Nair,&nbsp;Steven Still,&nbsp;Gabriella Burkett,&nbsp;Amir Sadeghpour","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12645","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12645","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Winter cereal rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) (WCR) is often double cropped with maize for silage (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) to increase farm forage supply and profit. Spring nitrogen (N) fertilization to WCR could influence its production and quality at different harvesting times. Therefore, two on-farm trials were conducted in the 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 growing seasons to evaluate the effect of harvesting time (late-March to end-of-April considering the growth stage) and spring N fertilization (0, 23, 47, and 71 kg N ha⁻¹) on WCR morphology, forage yield, nutrient removal, quality, and farm profit. Only two N treatments (0 and 47 kg N ha⁻¹) were evaluated for each harvesting time in trial 1. A quadratic model best explained an increase in WCR dry matter (DM) yield in response to growing degree days (GDD) accumulation (<i>R</i>² = 0.81). An increase in GDD linearly decreased WCR relative forage quality (RFQ). Benchmarking RFQ at 150 for dairy milk production indicates WCR should be harvested at a GDD of 543, at which WCR plant height was 31.8 cm and DM yield was 0.77 Mg ha⁻¹. This resulted in loss of profit in both study years compared to later harvesting dates at higher GDDs. Benchmarking RFQ at 125 for heifer production indicated that harvest should occur at a GDD of 668, at which the WCR was 71 cm tall, and its DM yield was 2.25 Mg ha⁻¹. Nitrogen balances were negative at the N0 treatment (0 kg N ha⁻¹), indicating a need for some N to maximize WCR yield. We found that a rate between 21 and 47 kg N ha⁻¹ maximizes yields reflecting slightly positive balances, in which the highest profits occur. Our results suggest that the harvesting time can be predicted by GDD and should be adjusted for RFQ. We conclude that less than 47 kg N ha⁻¹ N fertilizer is required for WCR production in soils with manure history and high soil organic matter (&gt;30 g kg⁻¹).</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 2","pages":"239-253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139412897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of chop length of grass silage harvested at two maturity stages, and of concentrate protein level, on feed intake and milk production in dairy cows","authors":"Åshild T. Randby,&nbsp;Ingjerd Dønnem,&nbsp;Egil Prestløkken,&nbsp;Adam D. Martin,&nbsp;Arvid Steen,&nbsp;Margrete Eknæs","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12647","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12647","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study in dairy cow feeding explored the effects of growth stage and chop length for grass-clover silage, and of concentrate protein level, including the interactions of these three factors. The experiment was conducted with 48 Norwegian Red cows according to a cyclic change-over design with four 4-week experimental periods and eight dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Round bale silage from a mixed sward of timothy, meadow fescue, and red clover was harvested at two growth stages (H1, H2) and offered to dairy cows either unchopped with median particle length of 152 mm or chopped to 19 mm median particle length before feeding. A low protein (LP) concentrate containing 7% lignosulphonate treated soybean meal (SBM) and a high protein (HP) concentrate containing 12% solvent extracted SBM were compared. Silage was offered ad libitum and supplemented with 8 kg concentrate per day. Silage dry matter intake was 2.0 kg higher for H1 than H2 silage, which supported a higher yield of milk, energy-corrected milk and the milk constituents, fat, protein, and lactose. All these measures of milk production, as well as feed energy efficiency and N use efficiency, increased when silage was fed chopped rather than unchopped. Lignosulphonate treated SBM spared N in the diet without milk yield reductions. For efficient milk production with high energy and N utilisation, we recommend chopping to 20 mm for timothy, meadow fescue, and clover silages harvested in late stem elongation or in reproductive growth stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 2","pages":"211-227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139064050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of chromosome diversity of Elymus nutans on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau by FISH","authors":"Ruijuan Liu,&nbsp;Liling Jiang,&nbsp;Demei Liu,&nbsp;Jicheng Shen,&nbsp;Wenjie Chen","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12646","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Elymus nutans</i> Griseb. is an important herbage for forage and ecological restoration in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). It is widely distributed in different habitats of the QTP and has been reported to have high genetic diversity in protein, morphology and DNA sequence. The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of <i>E. nutans</i> chromosome genetic diversity. In this study, the TE probe S5 and tandem repeat probe AAG combined with sequential GISH were able to successfully distinguish different subgenomes and chromosomes in 7 <i>E. nutans</i> accessions from major global distribution sites. On this basis, a total of 123 individuals from four representative populations of <i>E. nutans</i> in the QTP were hybridised. The results of the experiment showed that four types of reciprocal translocations between subgenomes were observed in the four wild populations, and the translocation chromosomes, frequency, and heterozygosis were different in each population. The distribution and quantity of S5 and AAG signals also varied within and among the four populations. The results indicated that <i>E. nutans</i> had high genetic diversity at the chromosome level both within and among populations, and it was speculated that non-homologous recombination was one of the reasons for the high genetic diversity. These results provide important theoretical guidance for the collection, protection, and evaluation of <i>E. nutans</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"17-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of perennial forbs sown with or without self-regenerating annual clovers for forage and nectar sources in a low-input dryland production system","authors":"Elizabeth Seeno,&nbsp;Jennifer MacAdam,&nbsp;Andony Melathopoulos,&nbsp;Shelby Filley,&nbsp;Serkan Ates","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12640","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12640","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forage systems can be designed to produce high quality feed for ruminant livestock while providing habitat for insect pollinators. We compared forage productivity, nutritive value, and selenium uptake as well as late summer nectar production of perennial forage species; alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>), birdsfoot trefoil (<i>Lotus corniculatus</i>), red clover (<i>Trifolium pratense</i>), sainfoin (<i>Onobrychis viciifolia</i>), and chicory (<i>Cichorium intybus</i>) as monocultures and intercropped with either subterranean clover (<i>Trifolium subterraneum</i>) or balansa clover (<i>Trifolium michelianum</i>) for two successive years in Oregon. Red clover intercropped with balansa clover out-performed other stands, producing over 11 t DM ha⁻¹ in 2019 and 9.4 t DM ha⁻¹ in 2020. Birdsfoot trefoil and sainfoin mixtures were dominated by subterranean clover, negatively affecting total forage yield and flower abundance. Chicory intercropped with subterranean clover formed a more balanced mixture with improved DM yield and nutritive value relative to chicory monocultures. Chicory was most responsive to Se-fertilisation in both years, having a higher concentration of Se relative to the other perennial species. Chicory also had high levels of condensed tannins (18.1–43.3 mg/g DM) relative to the other forages (1.8–17.5 mg/g DM). Red clover had the most consistent bloom in 2019, with 170 inflorescences per square meter at peak bloom and yielded an estimated total of 16.9 kg ha⁻¹ sucrose. Birdsfoot trefoil produced the most inflorescences during peak bloom in 2020 at 279 inflorescences per square meter. However, alfalfa had a higher estimated sucrose yield in 2020 at 241 kg ha⁻¹.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"462-479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138821710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive effects of plant diversity on dry matter yield while maintaining a high level of forage digestibility in intensively managed grasslands across two contrasting environments","authors":"Barbara Golińska,&nbsp;Rishabh Vishwakarma,&nbsp;Caroline Brophy,&nbsp;Piotr Goliński","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12644","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12644","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The local abiotic and environmental conditions of a grass-based farming system may influence the agricultural benefits of mixtures in comparison to pure stands. We investigated the effects of species identities and interactions between grass, legume, and herb species on dry matter yield and sward digestibility and explored how contrasting environments may affect these relationships. We established experimental plots across 11 mixtures and 4 monocultures of perennial ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.), chicory (<i>Cichorium intybus</i> L.), white clover (<i>Trifolium repens</i> L.), and red clover (<i>Trifolium pratense</i> L.) established at two seeding densities in two sites Brody and Szelejewo (Poland) and managed them over a 3-year period. The two sites were close geographically and had similar climates, but differed in soil types (Luvisols and Cambisols, respectively). We confirmed that the annual DM yields were generally higher on Cambisols soil as compared to Luvisols soil; both individual species effects and species interaction strengths differed across the two contrasting environments. The predicted annual DM yield for the 4-species mixtures in general gave comparable or higher yields compared to monocultures across the 3 years, with the mixtures giving around 10%–30% higher yields than the weighted average of the monocultures of the constituent species. Analysing the transgressive overyielding it turned out that there was no significant difference between the 4-species mixtures and best performing monoculture. The benefits of species diversity in our study was greater on less productive site because we found larger overyielding of the 4-species sward on the Luvisols soil than on the Cambisols soil. Additionally, the effect of mixtures composed by 4-species increased the yield stability compared to monocultures in the 3-year period of our study, particularly on Cambisols soil. Sward digestibility applied to average values did not differ much between sites with mixtures performing similarly to monocultures. The reason for that could have been the dynamics of sward botanical composition during study years shifted towards increased perennial ryegrass and decreased proportions of chicory in the sward as well as the observed phenomenon that the species in mixed swards progressed to successive growth stages more slowly than in pure sowing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"438-461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138687116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the effects of calcium ammonium nitrate and stabilized urea fertilizers on grass and silage yields and quality","authors":"K. M. Huson,&nbsp;E. J. Meehan,&nbsp;M. Allen,&nbsp;N. W. Grant,&nbsp;J. D. Patterson","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12636","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12636","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Effects of Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) and Stabilized Urea (SU) fertilizers were compared for herbage yield and composition and silage composition of perennial ryegrass (&lt;i&gt;Lolium perenne L.&lt;/i&gt;) swards over a two-year study. The aim of this experiment was to establish the likely impacts of farmers transitioning to using SU fertilizers in order to reduce the nitrogenous emissions associated with silage production as the agriculture industry moves to address the challenges of climate change. Experimental plots of 7.5 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; area were established in a randomized block experiment comprising 4 replicates of 18 treatments in a 3 × 6 factorial design (4 × 3 × 6 = 72 plots) for each of 3 silage harvest periods in 2018, and repeated in 2019. Herbage samples and yield measurements were collected weekly for weeks 2–7 post fertilizer application, and herbage harvested after seven weeks regrowth was ensiled and silage was analysed after 100 days. There were no significance differences overall between responses of CAN and SU fertilized plots in terms of grass dry matter (DM) yield and quality parameters (acid detergent fibre (ADF), ash, buffering capacity (BC), metabolisable Energy (ME), nitrate (NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2−&lt;/sup&gt;), nitrogen (N), or water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) or silage quality parameters (DM, volatile corrected organic dry matter (VCODM), ammonia nitrogen as a fraction of total nitrogen (NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-N/ Total N), pH, crude protein (CP), lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), ethanol, propanol, ADF, ash, WSC or dry matter digestibility (DMD). Numerous significant differences between week and between cut were identified for grass quality, silage quality and grass ensilability parameters, and in the grass DM yields recorded. However, in many instances there was no associated treatment effect identified. There were no significant interactions between CAN and SU treatments and either cut, or week for nitrate concentration or yield. Variance of nitrate concentration was highest at the third cut and indicates a reduction in the nitrogen use efficiency of the 3rd cut silage harvest, potentially demonstrating a need to reduce fertilizer application recommendations for late-season silage harvests. Overall, the results of this study support the hypothesis that replacing the currently favoured CAN fertilizer products with SU will not impact production of grass silage in Northern Ireland, meaning SU can be confidently adopted by farmers as a mitigation strategy to reduce farm nitrogenous emissions without reducing levels of sward productivity. This study recorded average annual grass silage DM yields of 15.5 and 16.1 t DM/ha from the CAN and SU fertilizer treatments respectively, which were not significantly different. In addition, the yield gain response to the application of each fertilizer type were not significantly different at 21.51 and 23.24 kg of DM produced for every kg of N applied as SU or CAN ","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"547-562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138687114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives for reducing seed shattering in ryegrasses","authors":"Jenny Kiesbauer,&nbsp;Christoph Grieder,&nbsp;Bruno Studer,&nbsp;Roland Kölliker","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12635","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12635","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the last decades, the progress in ryegrass (<i>Lolium</i> spp.) breeding was mainly on agronomic traits such as biomass yield, forage quality or disease resistance. However, for commercial success, a stable and high seed yield is a prerequisite for any cultivar. The realized seed yield is influenced by many different factors such as non-optimal pollination and fertilization, seed abortion and seed shattering. While seed shattering has been largely eliminated in major cereal crops such as rice, barley or sorghum during domestication, the trait has been largely neglected in ryegrass breeding programs. The close syntenic relationship of cereal and ryegrass genomes offers the opportunity to develop breeding approaches for reducing seed shattering in the latter by transferring knowledge from the former. The objectives of this review are to (1) give an overview on the knowledge of morphology on seed shattering in cereal crops and ryegrasses, (2) compare the genetic background underlying seed shattering in different species, (3) identify putative candidate genes controlling seed shattering in ryegrasses through comparative genomic analysis and (4) give an outlook on new breeding strategies resulting in low seed shattering cultivars of ryegrasses and related forage grass species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"425-437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138568639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations of the Kjeldahl method for assessing nitrogen concentration in tropical forages","authors":"Daiana Francisca Quirino,&nbsp;Nicole Stephane Abreu Lima,&nbsp;Malber Nathan Nobre Palma,&nbsp;Marcia de Oliveira Franco,&nbsp;Edenio Detmann","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12641","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12641","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important components of feeds and its quantification allows estimating protein equivalents, an important characteristic for diet formulation in ruminant nutrition. We aimed to evaluate N recovery in tropical forages using the Kjeldahl method with modifications involving a pre-digestion step with salicylic acid and, or a partial replacement of copper sulfate by titanium dioxide as a catalyst. Forty-eight study materials (i.e., tropical forages) were evaluated. Kjeldahl standard procedure was based on acid digestion with sodium sulfate and copper sulfate (20:1), followed by steam distillation in sodium hydroxide and titration with hydrochloric acid. The Kjeldahl variations were: salicylic acid as pre-treatment before digestion, titanium dioxide replacing 50% of copper sulfate as catalyst in the digestion mixture, and salicylic acid and titanium as described above. The Dumas method was used as standard method to verify N recovery through Kjeldahl procedures. The N concentrations of the study materials (Dumas method) ranged from 1.9 to 28.3 g/kg as-is. We found that all the methods were strongly and positively associated with each other (<i>p</i> &lt; .01). All Kjeldahl methods produced N concentrations different from those obtained by the Dumas method (<i>p</i> &lt; .01). The N recovery ranged from 0.971 to 0.980 for the different Kjeldahl methods. However, we did not find any difference between the different Kjeldahl methods regarding N concentrations (<i>p</i>≥ .89). The N recovery of the Kjeldahl method is not influenced by a pre-digestion with salicylic acid or by the partial replacement of copper sulfate with titanium dioxide as a catalyst.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"648-654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138572029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inundation impacts on diversified pasture biomass allocation and soil particulate organic matter stocks","authors":"Ricardo Henrique Ribeiro,&nbsp;Marina Miquilini,&nbsp;Steve W. Lyon,&nbsp;Jeferson Dieckow,&nbsp;Marilia Barbosa Chiavegato","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12643","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12643","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natural soil inundation caused by frequent and intense precipitation affects carbon allocation in grassland biomass, ultimately leading to changes in soil carbon storage. Increasing forage diversity could provide resiliency to inundation of grassland. The objective was to evaluate forage and root biomass and C and N stocks in the soil particulate organic matter (POM) from pastures under recurring short-term inundation. Three forage species combinations were evaluated in an inundated (typically lasting for a few days after heavy rain events) and a non-inundated pasture: (1) predominantly tall-fescue (<i>Festuca arundinacea</i> Schreb.); (2) mixture of cool-season perennials composed of tall-fescue, orchardgrass (<i>Dactylis glomerata</i> L.), bluegrass (<i>Poa pratensis</i> L.) and white (<i>Trifolium repens</i> L.) and red clover (<i>Trifolium pratense</i> L.); (3) and cool-season mixture of perennials overseeded with oats (<i>Avena strigosa</i> Schreb.) and rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.). Roots and forage biomass were sampled during the growing seasons of 2021 and 2022. Soil POM was evaluated 2.5 years after establishment. Inundation reduced forage and root biomass mainly during periods of higher inundation frequency, leading to lower C-POM stocks (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). Inundation caused a shift in the forage botanical composition, that is, higher occurrence of weeds and less productive grass species with shallow roots. The perennial cool-season mixture did not increase forage yield compared with tall fescue only but did increase root mass. This occurred mainly at deeper layers and, consequently, increased C-POM stocks (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). Overseeding of winter annuals reduced overall forage production, despite increasing spring biomass when inundated in the first year, but reduced C and N-POM stocks (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). Perennial cool-season forage mixtures can increase the resilience of pastures to inundation events and contribute to increased carbon sequestration in grasslands where inundation is prevalent.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"563-577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138564033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cytochrome P450 gene, LpCYP72A15, confers drought tolerance in perennial ryegrass","authors":"Jing Xing,&nbsp;Yuwei Yang,&nbsp;Qing Zhang,&nbsp;Tingchao Yin,&nbsp;Ruijie Zhao,&nbsp;Guan Hao,&nbsp;Xinbao Liu,&nbsp;Yingjun Chi,&nbsp;Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12642","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12642","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) play crucial roles in regulating plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. In this study, a perennial ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i>) <i>CYP</i> gene, <i>LpCYP72A15</i>, was identified as a candidate gene regulating plant osmotic stress tolerance based on a cDNA library screening in the background of yeast ∆<i>hog1</i> mutant. LpCYP72A15 is localized in the plastids, and its expression was regulated by osmotic stress and ABA treatment. Overexpressing <i>LpCYP72A15</i> significantly enhanced plant drought tolerance in both Arabidopsis and perennial ryegrass. Under drought stress, the transgenic ryegrass showed significant lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, higher ROS-scavenging enzymatic activities, and higher soluble sugar contents than the wildtype plants. Transient over-expressing the gene also enhanced survival rates of ryegrass mesophyll protoplasts under H₂O₂-induced oxidative or mannitol-enforced osmotic stresses. Taken together, LpCYP72A15 confers oxidative- and osmotic-stress tolerances that positively regulates plant drought tolerance in perennial ryegrass.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"4-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138533491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}