Grass and Forage Science最新文献

{"title":"Herbage and sheep production from simple, diverse, and legume pastures established in an agrivoltaic production system","authors":"Alyssa C. Andrew,&nbsp;Chad W. Higgins,&nbsp;Mary A. Smallman,&nbsp;David E. Prado-Tarango,&nbsp;Adolfo Rosati,&nbsp;Shayan Ghajar,&nbsp;Maggie Graham,&nbsp;Serkan Ates","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12653","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12653","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agrivoltaic systems combine solar energy and agriculture, promoting dual land use. Although grazing sheep in these systems is common, research on intentionally designed pastures to increase production is lacking. This study seeks to compare the herbage growth and lamb production in simple, diverse, and legume pastures in an agrivoltaic system over 2 years in Oregon. Annual herbage production in diverse pastures (4583 kg DM ha⁻¹) was comparable to simple pastures (4457 kg DM ha⁻¹), but higher than legume pastures (<i>p</i> &lt; .05; 4023 kg DM ha⁻¹) for the 2020/2021 growing season. In the 2021/2022 growing season, diverse pastures had a higher yield (4660 kg DM ha⁻¹, <i>p</i> &lt; .05) than simple pastures (4052 kg DM ha⁻¹), which were similar to legume pastures (3955 kg DM ha⁻¹). Liveweight gain (LWG; g head⁻¹ d⁻¹) tended (<i>p</i> = .06) to be higher from lambs in diverse and legume pastures compared to simple pastures in spring 2021. Liveweight production (LWP; kg ha⁻¹ d⁻¹) of legume pasture were greater (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) than other pasture types, while simple pastures had the lowest LWP during this period. In summer 2021, LWG tended to be greater in lambs grazing diverse versus simple pastures. No difference was detected (all <i>p</i> &gt; .05) in LWG or LWP at any grazing period in 2022. Overall, efficiency of pasture production was greatly reduced by lower light availability in all pasture types. Diversification of pastures using forbs in agrivoltaics was a good strategy for greater herbage production, while the legume pastures had poor persistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 2","pages":"294-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139752295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Native forbs interseeded into native grass pastures persist under grazing","authors":"Jonathan D. Richwine,&nbsp;Patrick D. Keyser,&nbsp;John M. Zobel,&nbsp;Forbes R. Walker","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12651","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12651","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Incorporating native forbs within native warm-season grass (NWSG) pastures has the potential to benefit cattle, pollinators, and wildlife beyond that of NWSG monocultures. However, when grazing NWSG pastures, rotational stocking is recommended as opposed to continuous stocking. Therefore, to evaluate whether within-season rest is needed for native pasture sustainability, two NWSG grazing experiments were conducted near Greeneville, TN, 2017–2020, to assess the persistence of native forbs when an 11-species native forb blend was interseeded into established switchgrass (SG; <i>Panicum virgatum</i> L.) and big bluestem/indiangrass (BBIG; <i>Andropogon gerardii</i> Vitman and <i>Sorghastrum nutans</i> (L.) Nash) pastures. Each experiment was a completely randomized design with four replicates of each within-season rest grazing treatment (no rest, early rest, middle rest, late rest, and no graze). Within-season rest was not influential for NWSG tiller density or total forb plant density thus indicating persistence of forbs may not require rotational stocking. Purple prairie clover (<i>Dalea purpurea</i> Vent.) did not establish while Illinois bundleflower (<i>Desmanthus illinoensis</i> (Michx.) MacMill. ex B.L. Rob. &amp; Fernald) was only observed flowering once despite having the greatest seeding rate among forbs. Based on establishment and flowering of the 11 species in the current mixture, interseeding a 6-species polyculture of black-eyed Susan (<i>Rudbeckia hirta</i> L.), dixie ticktrefoil (<i>Desmodium tortuosum</i> (Sw.) DC.), eastern purple coneflower (<i>Echinacea purpurea</i> (L.) Moench), lanceleaf coreopsis (<i>Coreopsis lanceolata</i> L.), Maximilian sunflower (<i>Helianthus maximiliani</i> Schrad.), and oxeye sunflower (<i>Heliopsis helianthoides</i> (L.) Sweet) could allow for plant biodiversity while offering floral resources for pollinators during the NWSG grazing season.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 2","pages":"328-341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139752241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing plantain (Plantago lanceolata) to mitigate the impact of grazing ruminants on nitrogen losses to the environment: A review","authors":"J. B. Pinxterhuis,&nbsp;H. G. Judson,&nbsp;M. E. Peterson,&nbsp;S. Navarrete,&nbsp;E. Minnée,&nbsp;M. B. Dodd,&nbsp;S. R. Davis","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12649","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12649","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urine patches from grazing ruminants contain high concentrations of nitrogen (N) and are the main source of N leaching from grazed pastoral farming systems. While there have been various options identified to substantially reduce N leaching, in general these practices increase the cost of production or reduce production per hectare. In New Zealand, multi-species pastures were evaluated as a cheaper option that would potentially retain productivity. Early research showed these pastures had lower urinary N excretion from grazing animals and increased plant N uptake, compared with standard New Zealand perennial ryegrass/white clover (PR-WC) pastures. Further research highlighted the beneficial attributes of the pasture herb narrow-leaved plantain (<i>Plantago lanceolata</i>; PL), specifically: reduced urine N concentration, reduced urine N excretion, and reduced rate of soil nitrification. Significant reductions (14%–89%) in N leaching were found from cow urine applied to lysimeters with pastures including PL, compared with PR-WC pasture. Paddock-scale measurements confirmed the effects of PL, with 20%–60% lower N leaching when PL comprised 30%–40% of the dry matter (DM) of PL-PR-WC grazed pastures. There were no negative effects on milk production and composition when feeding PL to dairy cows, but small positive effects on fatty acid profiles. However, weed and pest management, palatability and persistence remain challenging in pastures containing PL on commercial farms. Management options need to be clarified to ensure successful establishment and maintenance of PL. Additionally, the cultivar differences in secondary compounds and their impact on nitrification rate and N leaching need to be better understood.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 2","pages":"144-157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139752297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of oat (Avena sativa L.) populations for autumn sowing production in Southwest China","authors":"Yongjie Zhang,&nbsp;Shuchang Li,&nbsp;Xiaolong Dong,&nbsp;Qiuyu Mou,&nbsp;Jiajie Li,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhang,&nbsp;Min Lin,&nbsp;Kaiquan Yu,&nbsp;Pingping Zhou,&nbsp;Xiaobo Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoling Luo,&nbsp;Honghai Yan,&nbsp;Yuanying Peng","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12648","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12648","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Much of Chinese animal husbandry relies on the continuous availability of forage crops, but climactic constraints in production regions cause seasonal shortages which threaten the industry. This study compares the major characteristics of different forage oat lines and cultivars to evaluate their suitability for cultivation in the winter fallow fields of southwest China. To achieve this goal, six oat populations (2 cultivars and 4 lines) were sown in autumn in three locations in southwest China. Yield-related traits such as dry matter yield (DMY) and plant height (PH), as well as nutritional traits such as crude protein (CP), crude ash (ASH), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and relative feed value (RFV) were measured during two consecutive growing seasons. Our results indicate that all measured traits, with the exception of CP, were significantly influenced by environment, genotype, year and their interaction (<i>p &lt;</i> .05). Forage yield (DMY) had a positive correlation with PH and RFV, but a strong negative one with nutritional values, suggesting a trade-off between yield and quality. Among the six oat populations, ‘WC109’ consistently displayed the highest DMY, PH, and CP mean values as well as lower ASH, NDF, and ADF compared to all the other cultivars/lines. Based on these findings, ‘WC109’ was selected as the ideal candidate for autumn-sown forage oat in southwest China.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen rate and harvesting time based on growing degree days influenced winter cereal rye morphological traits, forage yield, quality, and farm profit in poorly drained Alfisols","authors":"Kelsey Vaughn,&nbsp;Oladapo Adeyemi,&nbsp;Omid R. Zandvakili,&nbsp;Martin L. Battaglia,&nbsp;Sirwan Babaei,&nbsp;Jayakrishnan Nair,&nbsp;Steven Still,&nbsp;Gabriella Burkett,&nbsp;Amir Sadeghpour","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12645","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12645","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Winter cereal rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) (WCR) is often double cropped with maize for silage (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) to increase farm forage supply and profit. Spring nitrogen (N) fertilization to WCR could influence its production and quality at different harvesting times. Therefore, two on-farm trials were conducted in the 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 growing seasons to evaluate the effect of harvesting time (late-March to end-of-April considering the growth stage) and spring N fertilization (0, 23, 47, and 71 kg N ha⁻¹) on WCR morphology, forage yield, nutrient removal, quality, and farm profit. Only two N treatments (0 and 47 kg N ha⁻¹) were evaluated for each harvesting time in trial 1. A quadratic model best explained an increase in WCR dry matter (DM) yield in response to growing degree days (GDD) accumulation (<i>R</i>² = 0.81). An increase in GDD linearly decreased WCR relative forage quality (RFQ). Benchmarking RFQ at 150 for dairy milk production indicates WCR should be harvested at a GDD of 543, at which WCR plant height was 31.8 cm and DM yield was 0.77 Mg ha⁻¹. This resulted in loss of profit in both study years compared to later harvesting dates at higher GDDs. Benchmarking RFQ at 125 for heifer production indicated that harvest should occur at a GDD of 668, at which the WCR was 71 cm tall, and its DM yield was 2.25 Mg ha⁻¹. Nitrogen balances were negative at the N0 treatment (0 kg N ha⁻¹), indicating a need for some N to maximize WCR yield. We found that a rate between 21 and 47 kg N ha⁻¹ maximizes yields reflecting slightly positive balances, in which the highest profits occur. Our results suggest that the harvesting time can be predicted by GDD and should be adjusted for RFQ. We conclude that less than 47 kg N ha⁻¹ N fertilizer is required for WCR production in soils with manure history and high soil organic matter (&gt;30 g kg⁻¹).</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 2","pages":"239-253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139412897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of chop length of grass silage harvested at two maturity stages, and of concentrate protein level, on feed intake and milk production in dairy cows","authors":"Åshild T. Randby,&nbsp;Ingjerd Dønnem,&nbsp;Egil Prestløkken,&nbsp;Adam D. Martin,&nbsp;Arvid Steen,&nbsp;Margrete Eknæs","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12647","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12647","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study in dairy cow feeding explored the effects of growth stage and chop length for grass-clover silage, and of concentrate protein level, including the interactions of these three factors. The experiment was conducted with 48 Norwegian Red cows according to a cyclic change-over design with four 4-week experimental periods and eight dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Round bale silage from a mixed sward of timothy, meadow fescue, and red clover was harvested at two growth stages (H1, H2) and offered to dairy cows either unchopped with median particle length of 152 mm or chopped to 19 mm median particle length before feeding. A low protein (LP) concentrate containing 7% lignosulphonate treated soybean meal (SBM) and a high protein (HP) concentrate containing 12% solvent extracted SBM were compared. Silage was offered ad libitum and supplemented with 8 kg concentrate per day. Silage dry matter intake was 2.0 kg higher for H1 than H2 silage, which supported a higher yield of milk, energy-corrected milk and the milk constituents, fat, protein, and lactose. All these measures of milk production, as well as feed energy efficiency and N use efficiency, increased when silage was fed chopped rather than unchopped. Lignosulphonate treated SBM spared N in the diet without milk yield reductions. For efficient milk production with high energy and N utilisation, we recommend chopping to 20 mm for timothy, meadow fescue, and clover silages harvested in late stem elongation or in reproductive growth stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 2","pages":"211-227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139064050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of chromosome diversity of Elymus nutans on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau by FISH","authors":"Ruijuan Liu,&nbsp;Liling Jiang,&nbsp;Demei Liu,&nbsp;Jicheng Shen,&nbsp;Wenjie Chen","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12646","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Elymus nutans</i> Griseb. is an important herbage for forage and ecological restoration in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). It is widely distributed in different habitats of the QTP and has been reported to have high genetic diversity in protein, morphology and DNA sequence. The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of <i>E. nutans</i> chromosome genetic diversity. In this study, the TE probe S5 and tandem repeat probe AAG combined with sequential GISH were able to successfully distinguish different subgenomes and chromosomes in 7 <i>E. nutans</i> accessions from major global distribution sites. On this basis, a total of 123 individuals from four representative populations of <i>E. nutans</i> in the QTP were hybridised. The results of the experiment showed that four types of reciprocal translocations between subgenomes were observed in the four wild populations, and the translocation chromosomes, frequency, and heterozygosis were different in each population. The distribution and quantity of S5 and AAG signals also varied within and among the four populations. The results indicated that <i>E. nutans</i> had high genetic diversity at the chromosome level both within and among populations, and it was speculated that non-homologous recombination was one of the reasons for the high genetic diversity. These results provide important theoretical guidance for the collection, protection, and evaluation of <i>E. nutans</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"17-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of perennial forbs sown with or without self-regenerating annual clovers for forage and nectar sources in a low-input dryland production system","authors":"Elizabeth Seeno,&nbsp;Jennifer MacAdam,&nbsp;Andony Melathopoulos,&nbsp;Shelby Filley,&nbsp;Serkan Ates","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12640","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12640","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forage systems can be designed to produce high quality feed for ruminant livestock while providing habitat for insect pollinators. We compared forage productivity, nutritive value, and selenium uptake as well as late summer nectar production of perennial forage species; alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i>), birdsfoot trefoil (<i>Lotus corniculatus</i>), red clover (<i>Trifolium pratense</i>), sainfoin (<i>Onobrychis viciifolia</i>), and chicory (<i>Cichorium intybus</i>) as monocultures and intercropped with either subterranean clover (<i>Trifolium subterraneum</i>) or balansa clover (<i>Trifolium michelianum</i>) for two successive years in Oregon. Red clover intercropped with balansa clover out-performed other stands, producing over 11 t DM ha⁻¹ in 2019 and 9.4 t DM ha⁻¹ in 2020. Birdsfoot trefoil and sainfoin mixtures were dominated by subterranean clover, negatively affecting total forage yield and flower abundance. Chicory intercropped with subterranean clover formed a more balanced mixture with improved DM yield and nutritive value relative to chicory monocultures. Chicory was most responsive to Se-fertilisation in both years, having a higher concentration of Se relative to the other perennial species. Chicory also had high levels of condensed tannins (18.1–43.3 mg/g DM) relative to the other forages (1.8–17.5 mg/g DM). Red clover had the most consistent bloom in 2019, with 170 inflorescences per square meter at peak bloom and yielded an estimated total of 16.9 kg ha⁻¹ sucrose. Birdsfoot trefoil produced the most inflorescences during peak bloom in 2020 at 279 inflorescences per square meter. However, alfalfa had a higher estimated sucrose yield in 2020 at 241 kg ha⁻¹.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"462-479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138821710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive effects of plant diversity on dry matter yield while maintaining a high level of forage digestibility in intensively managed grasslands across two contrasting environments","authors":"Barbara Golińska,&nbsp;Rishabh Vishwakarma,&nbsp;Caroline Brophy,&nbsp;Piotr Goliński","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12644","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12644","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The local abiotic and environmental conditions of a grass-based farming system may influence the agricultural benefits of mixtures in comparison to pure stands. We investigated the effects of species identities and interactions between grass, legume, and herb species on dry matter yield and sward digestibility and explored how contrasting environments may affect these relationships. We established experimental plots across 11 mixtures and 4 monocultures of perennial ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.), chicory (<i>Cichorium intybus</i> L.), white clover (<i>Trifolium repens</i> L.), and red clover (<i>Trifolium pratense</i> L.) established at two seeding densities in two sites Brody and Szelejewo (Poland) and managed them over a 3-year period. The two sites were close geographically and had similar climates, but differed in soil types (Luvisols and Cambisols, respectively). We confirmed that the annual DM yields were generally higher on Cambisols soil as compared to Luvisols soil; both individual species effects and species interaction strengths differed across the two contrasting environments. The predicted annual DM yield for the 4-species mixtures in general gave comparable or higher yields compared to monocultures across the 3 years, with the mixtures giving around 10%–30% higher yields than the weighted average of the monocultures of the constituent species. Analysing the transgressive overyielding it turned out that there was no significant difference between the 4-species mixtures and best performing monoculture. The benefits of species diversity in our study was greater on less productive site because we found larger overyielding of the 4-species sward on the Luvisols soil than on the Cambisols soil. Additionally, the effect of mixtures composed by 4-species increased the yield stability compared to monocultures in the 3-year period of our study, particularly on Cambisols soil. Sward digestibility applied to average values did not differ much between sites with mixtures performing similarly to monocultures. The reason for that could have been the dynamics of sward botanical composition during study years shifted towards increased perennial ryegrass and decreased proportions of chicory in the sward as well as the observed phenomenon that the species in mixed swards progressed to successive growth stages more slowly than in pure sowing.</p>","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"438-461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gfs.12644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138687116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the effects of calcium ammonium nitrate and stabilized urea fertilizers on grass and silage yields and quality","authors":"K. M. Huson,&nbsp;E. J. Meehan,&nbsp;M. Allen,&nbsp;N. W. Grant,&nbsp;J. D. Patterson","doi":"10.1111/gfs.12636","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gfs.12636","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Effects of Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) and Stabilized Urea (SU) fertilizers were compared for herbage yield and composition and silage composition of perennial ryegrass (&lt;i&gt;Lolium perenne L.&lt;/i&gt;) swards over a two-year study. The aim of this experiment was to establish the likely impacts of farmers transitioning to using SU fertilizers in order to reduce the nitrogenous emissions associated with silage production as the agriculture industry moves to address the challenges of climate change. Experimental plots of 7.5 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; area were established in a randomized block experiment comprising 4 replicates of 18 treatments in a 3 × 6 factorial design (4 × 3 × 6 = 72 plots) for each of 3 silage harvest periods in 2018, and repeated in 2019. Herbage samples and yield measurements were collected weekly for weeks 2–7 post fertilizer application, and herbage harvested after seven weeks regrowth was ensiled and silage was analysed after 100 days. There were no significance differences overall between responses of CAN and SU fertilized plots in terms of grass dry matter (DM) yield and quality parameters (acid detergent fibre (ADF), ash, buffering capacity (BC), metabolisable Energy (ME), nitrate (NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2−&lt;/sup&gt;), nitrogen (N), or water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) or silage quality parameters (DM, volatile corrected organic dry matter (VCODM), ammonia nitrogen as a fraction of total nitrogen (NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-N/ Total N), pH, crude protein (CP), lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), ethanol, propanol, ADF, ash, WSC or dry matter digestibility (DMD). Numerous significant differences between week and between cut were identified for grass quality, silage quality and grass ensilability parameters, and in the grass DM yields recorded. However, in many instances there was no associated treatment effect identified. There were no significant interactions between CAN and SU treatments and either cut, or week for nitrate concentration or yield. Variance of nitrate concentration was highest at the third cut and indicates a reduction in the nitrogen use efficiency of the 3rd cut silage harvest, potentially demonstrating a need to reduce fertilizer application recommendations for late-season silage harvests. Overall, the results of this study support the hypothesis that replacing the currently favoured CAN fertilizer products with SU will not impact production of grass silage in Northern Ireland, meaning SU can be confidently adopted by farmers as a mitigation strategy to reduce farm nitrogenous emissions without reducing levels of sward productivity. This study recorded average annual grass silage DM yields of 15.5 and 16.1 t DM/ha from the CAN and SU fertilizer treatments respectively, which were not significantly different. In addition, the yield gain response to the application of each fertilizer type were not significantly different at 21.51 and 23.24 kg of DM produced for every kg of N applied as SU or CAN ","PeriodicalId":12767,"journal":{"name":"Grass and Forage Science","volume":"78 4","pages":"547-562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138687114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}