Glycoconjugate JournalPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10172-9
Jiyuan Yang, Payel Datta, Ke Xia, Vitor H Pomin, Chunyu Wang, Mingqiang Qiao, Robert J Linhardt, Jonathan S Dordick, Fuming Zhang
{"title":"Inhibition of sulfated glycans on the binding of dengue virus envelope protein to heparin.","authors":"Jiyuan Yang, Payel Datta, Ke Xia, Vitor H Pomin, Chunyu Wang, Mingqiang Qiao, Robert J Linhardt, Jonathan S Dordick, Fuming Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10719-024-10172-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10719-024-10172-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue viruses (DENV) are transmitted to humans through mosquito bites and infect millions globally. DENV uses heparan sulfate (HS) for attachment and cell entry by binding the envelope protein to highly sulfated HS on target cells. Therefore, inhibiting the binding between DENV and HS could be a promising strategy for preventing DENV infection. In the current study, the interactions between DENV envelope protein (from Type 2 DENV) and heparin (a surrogate for HS) were analyzed using competition solution SPR. Results demonstrate that heparin binds to DENV envelope protein with high affinity (K<sub>D</sub> = 8.83 nM). Competitive Solution SPR assays using surface-immobilized heparin and a series of naturally-sourced and semi-synthetic sulfated glycans demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against the binding of DENV envelope proteins to heparin. This study of molecular interactions could provide insights into the development of therapeutics for DENV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":" ","pages":"371-380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Processing of N-glycans in the ER and Golgi influences the production of surface sialylated glycoRNA.","authors":"Yi-Shi Liu, Yu-Long Miao, Yue Dou, Ze-Hui Yang, Wenhao Sun, Xiaoman Zhou, Zijie Li, Nakanishi Hideki, Xiao-Dong Gao, Morihisa Fujita","doi":"10.1007/s10719-024-10171-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10719-024-10171-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycoconjugates, including glycans on proteins and lipids, have obtained significant attention due to their critical roles in both intracellular and intercellular biological functions and processes. Notably, recent discoveries have revealed the presence of glycosylated RNAs (glycoRNAs) on cell surfaces. Despite the well-characterized roles of RNA modifications, RNA glycosylation remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we investigate the relationship between N-glycosylation and RNA glycosylation. Using a recombinant Siglec11-Fc as a probe, we detected surface sialylated glycoRNAs in human cell lines and identified their dependency on the catalytic isoforms of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex, implicating STT3A-dependent protein glycosylation as a predominant contributor for affecting indirect generation of glycoRNAs. Additionally, perturbations in N-glycan biosynthesis pathways or changes in N-glycan structure impact surface sialylated glycoRNA levels, indicating a regulatory role of glycan metabolic pathways in RNA glycosylation. Together, our results underscore the intricate relationship between protein N-glycosylation and processing and RNA biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":" ","pages":"361-370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142618728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glycoconjugate JournalPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10169-4
Yu-He Tang, Yi-Shi Liu, Morihisa Fujita
{"title":"Production of Domain 9 from the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor fused with an Fc domain.","authors":"Yu-He Tang, Yi-Shi Liu, Morihisa Fujita","doi":"10.1007/s10719-024-10169-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10719-024-10169-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are genetic disorders caused by mutations in lysosomal enzymes, lysosomal membrane proteins or genes related to intracellular transport that result in impaired lysosomal function. Currently, the primary treatment for several LSDs is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), which involves intravenous administration of the deficient lysosomal enzymes to ameliorate symptoms. The efficacy of ERT largely depends on the mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) modification of the N-glycans associated with the enzyme, as M6P is a marker for the recognition and trafficking of lysosomal enzymes. In cells, N-glycan processing and M6P modification occur in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. This is a complex process involving multiple enzymes. In the trans-Golgi network (TGN), M6P-modified enzymes are recognized by the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CIMPR) and transported to the lysosome to exert their activities. In this study, we used the 9th domain of CIMPR, which exhibits a high affinity for M6P binding, and fused it with the Fc domain of human immunoglobulin G<sub>1</sub> (IgG<sub>1</sub>). The resulting fusion protein specifically binds to M6P-modified proteins. This provides a tool for the rapid detection and concentration of M6P-containing recombinant enzymes to assess the effectiveness of ERT. The advantages of this approach include its high specificity and sensitivity and may lead to the development of new treatments for LSDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":" ","pages":"395-405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11735522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction: Production of Domain 9 from the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor fused with an Fc domain.","authors":"Yu-He Tang, Yi-Shi Liu, Morihisa Fujita","doi":"10.1007/s10719-024-10170-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10719-024-10170-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":" ","pages":"407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11735476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MUC1 expression is associated with ST3GAL2 and negatively correlated with the androgen receptor in castration-resistant prostate cancer.","authors":"Shotaro Nakanishi, Tetsuji Suda, Kei Tanaka, Tomoko Yonamine, Kenji Numahata, Ai Sugawa, Takuma Oshiro, Yoshinori Oshiro, Seiichi Saito, Junichi Inokuchi","doi":"10.1007/s10719-024-10173-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10719-024-10173-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a developmentally regulated antigen, while expression level of SSEA-4 and / or its synthase ST3GAL2 is associated with prognosis in various malignancies. We have reported a prominent increase of SSEA-4 in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and its negative correlation with the androgen receptor (AR). Meanwhile, loss of AR has increased to approximately 30% with the growing use of androgen receptor signaling inhibitor for metastatic CRPC (mCRPC). However, monitoring the progression status of AR-negative prostate cancer is a challenge because it does not produce prostate-specific antigen. Based on the negative relationship of expression between AR and SSEA-4, we hypothesized that a soluble molecule synchronized with SSEA-4 in expression could be a serum marker candidate for AR-negative prostate cancer. Thus, we investigated the molecular background of SSEA-4 expression by ST3GAL2-knockout in DU145 cells. Here we show that MUC1 is identified as a molecule associated with ST3GAL2 and expressed in AR-negative prostate cancer. A negative correlation of expression between AR and MUC1 was observed in prostate cancer cell lines and CRPC tissues. The average rate of MUC1 expression was nearly 60% in AR-negative prostate cancer cells in CRPC tissues. Level of serum CA15-3 (MUC1) was the highest in mCRPC among various stages and its higher level was associated with faster progression of mCRPC. Our results demonstrate that MUC1 is identified as a ST3GAL2-associated molecule and expressed in AR-negative CRPC cells. Furthermore, level of serum CA15-3 may reflect the progression status of mCRPC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":" ","pages":"381-394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11735536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glycoconjugate JournalPub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10164-9
María Teresa Hernández-Huerta, Ruth Martínez-Cruz, Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral, María Del Socorro Pina-Canseco, Carlos Josué Solórzano-Mata, Margarito Martínez-Cruz, Itzel Patricia Vásquez Martínez, Edgar Zenteno, Luis Ángel Laguna Barrios, Carlos Alberto Matias-Cervantes, Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral, Eduardo Pérez-Campos
{"title":"Association between O-GlcNAc levels and platelet function in obese insulin-resistant subjects.","authors":"María Teresa Hernández-Huerta, Ruth Martínez-Cruz, Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral, María Del Socorro Pina-Canseco, Carlos Josué Solórzano-Mata, Margarito Martínez-Cruz, Itzel Patricia Vásquez Martínez, Edgar Zenteno, Luis Ángel Laguna Barrios, Carlos Alberto Matias-Cervantes, Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral, Eduardo Pérez-Campos","doi":"10.1007/s10719-024-10164-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10719-024-10164-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is an epidemic associated with platelet and vascular disorders. Platelet O-GlcNAcylation has been poorly studied in obese subjects. We aimed to evaluate O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels and platelet activity in obese insulin-resistant (ObIR) subjects. Six healthy and six insulin-resistant obese subjects with a body mass index of 22.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (SD ± 2.2) and 35.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (SD ± 3.8), respectively, were included. Flow cytometry was used to measure markers of platelet activity, expression of P-selectin (CD62P antibody), glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (integrins αIIbβ3 binding to PAC-1 antibody), and thrombin stimulation. O-GlcNAc was determined in the platelets of all test subjects by cytofluometry, intracellular calcium, percentage of platelet aggregation, and immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot were used to assess O-GlcNAc and OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase) in platelets. Platelets from ObIR subjects had on average 221.4 nM intracellular calcium, 81.89% PAC-1, 22.85% CD62P, 57.48% OGT, and 66.62% O-GlcNAc, while platelets from healthy subjects had on average 719.2 nM intracellular calcium, 4.99% PAC-1, 3.17% CD62P, 18.38% OGT, and 23.41% O-GlcNAc. ObIR subjects showed lower platelet aggregation than healthy subjects, 13.83% and 54%, respectively. The results show that ObIR subjects have increased O-GlcNAc, and increased intraplatelet calcium associated with platelet hyperactivity and compared to healthy subjects, suggesting that changes in platelet protein O-GlcNAcylation and platelet activity might serve as a possible prognostic tool for insulin resistance, prediabetes and its progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":" ","pages":"291-300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142284412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glycoconjugate JournalPub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10161-y
Maruti J Gurav, J Manasa, Ashwini S Sanji, Prasanna H Megalamani, Vishwanath B Chachadi
{"title":"Lectin-glycan interactions: a comprehensive cataloguing of cancer-associated glycans for biorecognition and bio-alteration: a review.","authors":"Maruti J Gurav, J Manasa, Ashwini S Sanji, Prasanna H Megalamani, Vishwanath B Chachadi","doi":"10.1007/s10719-024-10161-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10719-024-10161-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This comprehensive review meticulously compiles data on an array of lectins and their interactions with different cancer types through specific glycans. Crucially, it establishes the link between aberrant glycosylation and cancer types. This repository of lectin-defined glycan signatures, assumes paramount importance in the realm of cancer and its dynamic nature. Cancer, known for its remarkable heterogeneity and individualized behaviour, can be better understood through these glycan signatures. The current review discusses the important lectins and their carbohydrate specificities, especially recognizing glycans of cancer origin. The review also addresses the key aspects of differentially expressed glycans on normal and cancerous cell surfaces. Specific cancer types highlighted in this review include breast cancer, colon cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, and leukaemia. The glycan profiles unveiled through this review hold the key to tailor-made treatment and precise diagnostics. It opens up avenues to explore the potential of targeting glycosyltransferases and glycosidases linked with cancer advancement and metastasis. Armed with knowledge about specific glycan expressions, researchers can design targeted therapies to modulate glycan profiles, potentially hampering the advance of this relentless disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":" ","pages":"301-322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glycoconjugate JournalPub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10160-z
Guang-Wu Chen, Lina Guo, Jiasheng Huang, Haijun Ma, Sonsire Fernandez-Castillo, Jean Pierre Soubal-Mora, Yury Valdes-Balbin, Vicente Verez-Bencomo
{"title":"Synthesis of oligosaccharides from terminal B. pertussis LPS pentasaccharide and definition of the minimal epitope recognized by anti-pertussis antibodies.","authors":"Guang-Wu Chen, Lina Guo, Jiasheng Huang, Haijun Ma, Sonsire Fernandez-Castillo, Jean Pierre Soubal-Mora, Yury Valdes-Balbin, Vicente Verez-Bencomo","doi":"10.1007/s10719-024-10160-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10719-024-10160-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pertussis vaccines have been very effective in controlling whooping-cough epidemics but are ineffective in controlling circulation in older children and adults, thus facilitating the onset of future outbreaks. Antibodies against the lipopolysaccharide could reduce the carriage of the bacteria, its circulation, and transmission. The oligosaccharide fragments from the lipopolysaccharide may become a potential complement to existing vaccines in the form of protein glycoconjugates. An important step in the development of this type of vaccine is defining the minimal oligosaccharide epitope recognized by B. pertussis anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies. This paper describes the complete synthesis of oligosaccharides containing two to five monosaccharide units corresponding to the pentasaccharide at the nonreducing end of the lipooligosaccharide and their recognition by mice and rabbit antibodies elicited against whole-cell B. pertussis. For the first time, we report that the terminal disaccharide, α-D-GlcNAcp-(1 → 4)-(2,3-di-NAc)-D-ManAp acid is the minimal structure recognized by antibodies induced by B. pertussis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":" ","pages":"241-254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glycoconjugate JournalPub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10167-6
Anqi Yan, Hao Wu, Wei Jiang
{"title":"RACK1 inhibits ferroptosis of cervical cancer by enhancing SLC7A11 core-fucosylation.","authors":"Anqi Yan, Hao Wu, Wei Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s10719-024-10167-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10719-024-10167-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Receiver for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) is a highly conserved scaffold protein that can assemble multiple kinases and proteins together to form complexes, thereby regulating signal transduction process and various cellular biological processes, including cell cycle regulation, differentiation, and immune response. However, the function and mechanism of RACK1 in cervical cancer remain incompletely understood. Here we identified that RACK1 could significantly suppress cell ferroptosis in cervical cancer cells. Mechanistically, RACK1 increased the expression of FUT8 by inhibiting miR-1275, which in turn promoted the FUT8-catalyzed core-fucosylation of cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11, thereby inhibiting SLC7A11 degradation and cell ferroptosis. Our data highlight the role of RACK1 in cervical cancer progression and its suppression of ferroptosis via the RACK1/miR-1275/FUT8/SLC7A11 axis, suggesting that inhibiting this pathway may be a promising therapeutic approach for patients with cervical cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":" ","pages":"229-240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glycoconjugate JournalPub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10168-5
Elora Khamrui, Sounak Banerjee, Dipanwita Das Mukherjee, Kaushik Biswas
{"title":"Emerging role of MAPK signaling in glycosphingolipid-associated tumorigenesis.","authors":"Elora Khamrui, Sounak Banerjee, Dipanwita Das Mukherjee, Kaushik Biswas","doi":"10.1007/s10719-024-10168-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10719-024-10168-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a type of amphipathic lipid molecules consisting of hydrophobic ceramide backbone bound to carbohydrate moiety clustered in the cell surface microdomains named 'lipid rafts' and are known to participate in cell-cell communication as well as intra-cellular signaling, thereby facilitating critical normal cellular processes and functions. Over the past several decades, various GSLs have been reported to be aberrantly expressed in different cancers, many of which have been associated with their prognosis. The wide implication of MAPK signaling in controlling tumor growth, progression, and metastasis through activation of an upstream signaling cascade, often originating in the cell membrane, justifies the rationale for its plausible influence on MAPK signaling. This review highlights the role of GSLs and their metabolites in regulating different signaling pathways towards modulation of tumor cell growth, migration, and adhesion by interacting with various receptors [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)] leading to activation of the MAPK pathway. Furthermore, GSLs can influence the activity and localization of downstream signaling components in the MAPK pathway by regulating the activation state of kinases, which in turn, regulate the activity of MAPKs. Additionally, this review further consolidates the GSL-mediated modulation of MAPK pathway components through the regulation of gene expression. Finally, recent findings on GSL-MAPK crosstalk will be explored in this article for the identification of potential anti-cancer therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":12762,"journal":{"name":"Glycoconjugate Journal","volume":" ","pages":"343-360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}