Gondwana Research最新文献

{"title":"Differential enrichment in B-Li and isotopic spatial variation in deep brines of the northern Tibetan Plateau: Dominance of Cenozoic depocenter shift and orogenic geothermal systems","authors":"Fukang Yang, Guang Han, Tong Pan, Qishun Fan, Haotian Yang, Qingkuan Li, Xiying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"The Indo–Asian collision has generated numerous anticlinal and folding structures in the central–western Qaidam Basin (QB), northern Tibetan Plateau (TP), hosting deep brine resources enriched in K, Li, B, Rb, and Cs. These brine resources exhibit Li–B concentrations far exceeding China’s minimum industrial mining grade (Li<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>: 49.5 mg/L; B<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3+</ce:sup>: 310.5 mg/L), underscoring their significant potential for development and utilization in both the near and future. The genesis of Li and B enrichment in deep brines from individual anticline reservoirs has been well-documented, however, key scientific questions regarding their spatial distribution, primary sources, and enrichment mechanisms across the entire QB remain unresolved. This study presents detailed analyses of H–O–Li–B isotopic compositions and hydrogeochemical parameters for deep brines, salt lake brines and river waters in the QB. Results reveal spatial heterogeneity in Li–B contents and δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">11</ce:sup>B–δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">7</ce:sup>Li values of deep brines in the QB, subdividing the central-western region into four zones (Zone I–IV) based on Paleocene-Eocene and Pleistocene-Holocene depocenter positions. Marginal QB regions (Lenghu, Eboliang, Gasi, Kunbei anticlines) show low B–Li enrichment (B: 1.14–370.90 mg/L; Li: 0.06–54.5 mg/L), while the western area (Nanyishan, Xiaoliangshan, Dafengshan, and other anticlines) exhibits high enrichment (B: 43.50–1301.10 mg/L; Li: 5.94–237.50 mg/L). Enrichment patterns are controlled by recharge sources, evaporation, lake basin migration, and clay mineral adsorption. Deep brines and Quaternary salt lake brines share similar B–Li recharge patterns and enrichment mechanisms, primarily involving geothermal waters as the main recharge source and evaporation as an enrichment process. Geochemical data indicate that deep brines exhibit high Na<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> and Cl<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> concentrations in Piper diagrams, along with significantly positive δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">18</ce:sup>O values in δD–δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">18</ce:sup>O diagrams, suggesting strong water–rock interactions or magmatic fluid contributions, particularly in Dafengshan, Xiaoliangshan, and Nanyishan anticlines. The Li–B concentrations in deep brines show a decreasing trend from west to central areas, while δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">11</ce:sup>B values increase progressively (+14.58 ‰ in Zone II, +24.16 ‰ in Zone III, +31.67 ‰ in Zone IV). In contrast, δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">7</ce:sup>Li values display an inconsistent pattern, likely influenced by mixing with shallow salt lake brines in Yahu and Jianshishan anticlines (Zone III). On the whole, the observed stepwise increase in δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">11</ce:sup>B–δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">7</ce:sup>Li values in deep brines, attributed to clay mineral adsorption, aligns with the gradual migration of Paleogene–Neogene depocenters driven by surrounding orogenic belt uplift. T","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the green path: The role of green finance and just energy transition in environmental sustainability","authors":"Sami Ullah ,&nbsp;Boqiang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing global focus on environmental sustainability has spurred interest in exploring how energy transition and green finance contribute to fostering eco-friendly practices. This research examines the impact of just energy transition (JENT) and green finance (GF) on environmental sustainability in the USA, using the load capacity factor (LF) as a proxy for environmental sustainability alongside control variables, including GDP, urbanization, and trade openness. Utilizing time series data spanning 1990/Q1 to 2022/Q4, the analysis incorporates rigorous stationarity tests, such as QADF and QPP tests, to certify the robustness of the findings. Nonlinear methodologies, including quantile-on-quantile regression (QQR), wavelet quantile regression (WQR), and quantile-on-quantile Granger causality (QQGC), are utilized to capture the dynamic and asymmetric interactions between the variables. The outcome reveals that just energy transition and green finance can promote environmental sustainability at specific quantiles, aligning with the broader goals of mitigating climate change and reducing carbon emissions. In contrast, GDP and trade openness exhibit a detrimental effect on environmental sustainability, indicating that GDP and increased trade openness may pose challenges to eco-friendly practices. Additionally, urbanization is found to have a positive relationship with environmental sustainability, highlighting the potential benefits of urban growth in supporting sustainable development. The discoveries of QQGC reveal that core indicators, such as JENT, GF, GDP, URL, and TO, serve as meaningful analysts of LF at various quantiles. The findings underscore the importance of integrating sustainable energy policies and financing mechanisms into national and international development frameworks. Policymakers should prioritize investments in green finance and energy transition to promote environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"148 ","pages":"Pages 348-367"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergies and struggles: Water security and climate action in South Asia’s quest for SDG 6 and SDG 13","authors":"Faisal Baig ,&nbsp;Assaad Kassem ,&nbsp;Md. Zishan Akhter ,&nbsp;Saifudeen Kabeer ,&nbsp;Muhammad Abrar Faiz ,&nbsp;Mirza Farrukh Baig ,&nbsp;Mohsen Sherif","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>South Asia, home to nearly a quarter of the global population, faces significant challenges in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). This review paper analyzes the region’s progress in addressing water scarcity, inadequate sanitation, and climate vulnerabilities through a combination of bibliometric analysis, policy reports, and case studies. The bibliometric analysis focuses on literature from 2016 to 2024, selected from the Scopus database using keywords related to SDG 6 and SDG 13. Tools such as Biblioshiny, VOS viewer, and Excel were employed to visualize trends, collaboration patterns, and gaps in the research landscape. The analysis reveals an increasing volume of research on water and climate issues in South Asia (55 % increase in research publications on SDG 6 and SDG 13 between 2016 and 2024). Keyword co‑occurrence chi‑square tests highlighted significant thematic clusters around “water management” and “climate resilience,” and linear regression revealed an average annual growth rate of 8.2 % in SDG publications. Moreover, while cross-border collaboration within South Asia is improving, significant gaps remain in areas such as climate data monitoring and the implementation of integrated water resource management (IWRM), hindering effective policy formulation and progress tracking toward SDG targets. Water access and sanitation continue to represent major challenges throughout the region. Despite the increase in research, water access remains uneven: 92 % of urban South Asians have safely managed drinking water compared to 64 % of rural residents, and only 58 % of rural households have improved sanitation. Cross‑border collaboration within South Asia grew by 32 %, yet gaps persist in integrated water resource management (IWRM) and real‑time climate monitoring. Extreme weather events, floods displacing over 5 million people annually, and droughts affecting 12 % of cropland, further strain infrastructure. We recommend targeted investments in climate‑resilient water and sanitation systems, adoption of IWRM strategies, and a regional data‑sharing platform to support evidence‑based policy and advance progress toward the 2030 SDG targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"148 ","pages":"Pages 393-414"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birth, life and death of the Devonian Chaitenia back-arc along the Southwestern Gondwanan margin (southern Chile)","authors":"Gaëlle Plissart ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Moral Yilorm ,&nbsp;José María González-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Jesús Muñoz-Montecinos ,&nbsp;Carolina Pavez Salgado ,&nbsp;Aníbal Rivera Herrera ,&nbsp;Fiona Cabrera Bermúdez ,&nbsp;Claudio Marchesi ,&nbsp;Alexandre Corgne ,&nbsp;Antonio Jesús Moreno Abril ,&nbsp;Pierre Lanari ,&nbsp;Julien Berger ,&nbsp;Alison Halton","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The late Paleozoic evolution of SW Gondwana at the current latitudes of 38-40°S involved three different blocks (Chilenia, Chaitenia and North Patagonia), whose origin and tectonic evolution is debated, making paleogeographic reconstructions challenging. Here we address this issue by constraining the tectonic setting and the metamorphic evolution of mafic rocks outcropping in three sectors (Guzmán at 38°33′S, San Carlos at 40°54′S, Los Pabilos at 40°57′S) of the late Paleozoic basal accretionary complex of the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. The geochemical results suggest that their protoliths originated in a back-arc lithosphere correlating with the Chaitenia back-arc while our <em>P</em>–<em>T</em>–<em>t</em> paths reconstructions show that this basin closed diachronically. In the southern part of the basin, the peak metamorphic conditions of ∼ 450 °C and 1.4–1.6 GPa estimated for the San Carlos blueschists are interpreted as representing a cold thermal configuration for the subduction already reached at 335 Ma (<em>in situ</em> ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar on phengite). Comparatively, in its northern part, the Guzmán garnet-bearing amphibolites still followed at the same time a warmer counterclockwise <em>P</em>–<em>T</em> path, interpreted as the initiation of the intra-back-arc subduction, reaching metamorphic peak conditions of ∼ 650 °C and 1–1.2 GPa. The amphibolites further cooled down to 500 °C at 311–299 Ma (<em>in situ</em> ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar on hornblende) and underwent a hydration event under conditions of 480–520 °C and 0.8–1.1 GPa at 277–270 Ma (<em>in situ</em> ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar on actinolite). Our results suggest that the Chaitenia oceanic arc and back-arc system extended about 300 km further north than previously thought, up to the present 38°S latitude. Moreover, we propose that the opening of the Chaitenia back-arc is closely linked to along-strike transition from collision of the Chilenia terrane at the northwest to normal subduction beneath the North Patagonian margin at the southeast, triggering slab curving, tearing and roll-back.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 17-43"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity analysis and risk assessment of microplastics in terrestrial soil across different landuses of northern India","authors":"Ekta Gupta ,&nbsp;Shweta Yadav ,&nbsp;Priyansha Gupta ,&nbsp;Virendra Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Anju Patel ,&nbsp;Mahua Saha ,&nbsp;Poonam C. Singh ,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) are widely acknowledged as emerging pollutants in terrestrial ecosystem, yet their ecological threats in soil remain uncovered. This study presents the first comprehensive assessment of the abundance, characteristics, diversity, and ecological risks of soil-borne MPs across eight distinct landuse types in India, including industrial areas, dumping sites, municipal areas, wetlands, and various agricultural settings. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for MP abundance (MPs kg⁻¹), morphology, polymer composition, diversity assessment and potential environmental risks. The results revealed the highest mean MP abundance in industrial areas (3710 ± 1127), followed by dumping sites (3310 ± 2195), municipal city areas (1247 ± 386), agriculture near dumping sites (546 ± 204), urban agriculture (478 ± 94), agriculture with plastic mulching (210 ± 54), <em>peri</em>-urban agriculture (113 ± 34), and wetlands (63 ± 21). Predominant shapes were fragments, fibers, films, and the particle sizes majorly belonged to 10–300 µm and 300–500 µm. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) were the most abundant polymers in all the landuses. Shannon-Wiener index (SWI) and Simpson Diversity index (SDI) indicated significant variations in MPs diversity across landuses for shape, size, color, and polymer composition. Landuses were categorized as Level V (&gt;1000) in terms of the Polymer Hazard Index (PHI), while Pollution Load Index (PLI) suggested a minor risk level. Based on the Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI), wetlands exhibited low-risk and rest other landuses represented low to very high-risk category. The Geo-accumulation Index <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>geo</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> was also computed and evident as less contaminated landuse (wetland) to extremely contaminated (industrial area) landuse. This study provides baseline data on the occurrence and ecological risk of MPs in Indian soil and highlights the urgent need for targeted mitigation strategies. The findings contribute to a better understanding of MP dynamics across landuses and emphasize the necessity for policy interventions in terrestrial MPs management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"148 ","pages":"Pages 293-311"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of Late Cretaceous Sn deposits and magmatism in the Yidun Terrane, China: Further northward extension of the Southeast Asian Tin Belt and implication for exploration","authors":"Yiwei Peng ,&nbsp;Bing Zhang ,&nbsp;Huawen Cao ,&nbsp;Xuben Wang ,&nbsp;Guoxiang Chi ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Jianji Tian ,&nbsp;Zhi Wang ,&nbsp;Yuchang Zhou ,&nbsp;Tengli Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yidun Terrane in China is located in the north of the world-renowned Southeast Asian Tin Belt (SATB) and is characterized by large numbers of Sn–Pb–Zn–Ag and Cu–Mo–W deposits. Understanding the spatiotemporal and genetic links between proximal Sn and distal Pb‒Zn‒Ag mineralization is hampered by the poorly defined Sn mineralization age. Additionally, it is still debatable if the Sn mineralization in the Yidun Terrane belong to the northward extension of the SATB. Newly obtained garnet and cassiterite U‒Pb ages (99–97 Ma) from the representative Gongjuelong Sn deposit are consistent with the ages of adjacent Pb‒Zn‒Ag deposits and new zircon U-Pb ages (∼98 Ma) of the causative Haizishan granites. The whole-rock geochemistry, zircon trace elements and negative <em>ε</em>_Hf(<em>t</em>) values reveal that the Haizishan granites are reduced and highly-fractionated A-type granites, with the magmas mainly derived from the partial melting of old basement crust. The ore-forming fluids are of the H₂O-NaCl-CO₂ ± CH₄ system, and the H–O isotopes of the fluids indicate that the initial ore-forming fluids were of magmatic origin with increasing input of meteoric water over time. The S-Pb isotope values of sulfides from the Gongjuelong Sn deposit resemble those of both Late Cretaceous granites and sulfides in the Pb‒Zn‒Ag deposits. These geochronological, fluid inclusion and isotopic data suggest that the diverse styles of mineralization in the Yidun Terrane constitute an integrated ore system centered on Late Cretaceous granites, consisting of proximal skarn Sn at depth and distal hydrothermal-vein-type Pb‒Zn‒Ag mineralization above. Furthermore, the Yidun Terrane and SATB underwent similar tectonomagmatic and mineralization histories, suggesting that the Yidun Sn belt can be considered as a northern extension of the SATB. This proposed model highlights the potential existence of concealed Sn deposits beneath the Pb‒Zn‒Ag deposits, as well as Pb‒Zn‒Ag veins and rare metal mineralization around the Sn orebodies and highly-fractionated granites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"148 ","pages":"Pages 368-392"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithosphere structure and evolution of the Southern Indian Shield: Constraints from 2-D joint potential field modelling, seismological and geochronological data","authors":"Sumanta Kumar Sathapathy ,&nbsp;Munukutla Radhakrishna ,&nbsp;Peter Graham Betts ,&nbsp;Yellalacheruvu Giri","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Southern Indian Shield comprises the Bastar and Dharwar cratons, the Southern Granulite Terrain, the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt, and the Pranahita Godavari and Cuddapah rift basins. Multiple amalgamations and large igneous provinces related to magmatism during the Archean to Proterozoic times significantly modified the lithosphere in this region, making it difficult to infer the structure and geological history. This necessitated the delineation of lithosphere structure through geophysical data. In this study, 2D joint potential field modelling constrained by seismic and seismological data is performed to delineate the lithospheric structure below the Southern Indian Shield region. The constrained potential field models reveal: i) Cuddapah Basin, Southern Granulite Terrain, and Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt regions are characterized by higher density crust, ii) a mid-crustal low-density layer below Dharwar and Bastar cratons, iii) deeper Moho below Pranahita Godavari and Cuddapah basins, iv) a comparatively thin lithosphere below Dharwar Craton; and v) relatively deeper lithosphere beneath Southern Granulite Terrain − Dharwar Craton boundary region. The high-density, thicker crust and shallow lithosphere beneath the Cuddapah Basin and the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt have resulted from large igneous province events at <em>ca</em> 2200 Ma and 1800 Ma, followed by lithospheric metasomatism at <em>ca</em> 1000 Ma. The shallow Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary beneath Pranahita Godavari graben reflects Proterozoic rifting and further reactivation during Gondwana breakup. The deeper Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary beneath the Southern Granulite Terrain-Dharwar Craton boundary is attributed to orogenesis caused by subduction events between 780 Ma and 550 Ma. The distinct crustal structure, magnetisation, and shallow Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary in the Dharwar Craton region are inferred to have resulted from amalgamation events during the Archean, overprinted by Proterozoic large igneous province events at <em>ca</em> 2200 Ma and 1800 Ma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"148 ","pages":"Pages 255-274"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wettability evaluation of hydrocarbon-bearing shales: A review of methods, controlling factors, and application","authors":"Pei Li ,&nbsp;Haikuan Nie ,&nbsp;Baojian Shen ,&nbsp;Jinchuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Reza Rezaee ,&nbsp;Yali Liu ,&nbsp;Qian Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Dang ,&nbsp;Peng Li ,&nbsp;Zhongbao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaluating wettability in hydrocarbon-bearing shales poses significant challenges due to their fine-grained structure, heterogeneous mineralogy, and intricate pore-fracture networks. This paper reviews the wettability testing methods, influencing factors, and wettability characteristics of hydrocarbon-bearing shales from different sedimentary facies. The main results include: (1) Although analytical methods such as contact angle, spontaneous imbibition, nuclear magnetic resonance, calorimetry, electron microscope, etc. have been employed, a universally accepted standard remains elusive. The oft-cited neutral wettability, indicating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics, is highly variable and influenced by the intrinsic shale properties and experimental uncertainties. (2) Shale wettability is governed by the matrix composition, surface functional groups, and microstructural features, as well as by the physical and thermodynamic properties of interacting fluids, including formation water and hydrocarbons. Geological factors, such as tectonic burial, diagenetic evolution, thermal maturation, and hydrocarbon generation, further complicate wettability characteristics. Shales from different sedimentary facies display marked differences: marine shales are predominantly affected by organic pore development and mineral composition; transitional shales by inorganic pore-fractures and organic matter type; and lacustrine shales by inorganic pore-fracture systems and mineralogy characteristics. (3) The complex fluid–solid interactions within multi-scale pore networks dictate heterogeneous wettability, which in turn influences hydrocarbon distribution, retention, and migration. Future studies should focus on in-situ wettability characterization under reservoir conditions (T&amp;P conditions, fluid property, etc.), dynamic wettability near wellbores, and the effects of external fluid intrusion to enhance predictive models and optimize hydrocarbon extraction strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 44-69"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The chronology of paleoenvironment: (U-Th)/He dating and δ13C of lateritic duricrusts from the Cuesta and Paulista Peripheral Depression sectors of São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil","authors":"Everton Tiago Sulato ,&nbsp;Karen Luko-Sulato ,&nbsp;Marli Carina Siqueira-Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Juliana Okubo ,&nbsp;Daniele L. Pinti ,&nbsp;Vania Rosolen","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lateritic duricrusts are key records of continental weathering processes, landscape evolution, and paleoclimatic conditions in tropical regions. This study aims to assess the timing and paleoenvironmental conditions of lateritic duricrust formation from sectors of the Cuesta and Paulista Peripheral Depression of São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. The relationship between (U-Th)/He ages and δ¹³C signatures across different planation surfaces was established in hematite- and goethite-bearing samples from weathering profiles on the Cuesta, Urucaia, and Rio Claro Surfaces. Our results show that lateritic duricrusts on the Urucaia and Cuesta Surfaces, located at higher elevations, are hematite-predominant, whereas those on the Urucaia and Rio Claro Surfaces, situated at lower elevations, are goethite-predominant. The δ¹³C values indicate the predominance of C4 vegetation during the formation of lateritic duricrusts, associated with regional climatic conditions and the C3–C4 vegetation shift in the Late Miocene. In soils, δ¹³C values may reflect the effects of land use intensification. The (U-Th)/He ages of the lateritic duricrusts suggest three distinct formation events: Miocene (23–5.3 Ma), Pliocene (5.3–1.6 Ma), and Pleistocene (&lt; 1.6 Ma), with a clear relationship between the chronology of planation surfaces and elevation. The results indicate that lateritic duricrusts on the Cuesta Surface yielded ages ranging from 18 ± 2 Ma to 3 ± 1 Ma, spanning the Miocene and Pliocene. On the Urucaia Surface, ages varied from 20 ± 2 Ma to &lt; 1 Ma, encompassing both the Miocene and Pleistocene. In contrast, the relatively young Rio Claro Surface presented ages &lt; 1 Ma, corresponding to the Pleistocene. The complexity of tectonic and climatic events over time resulted in an overlap of ages, reflecting the formation of lateritic duricrusts in different periods, as evidenced by the Miocene ages on the Urucaia Surface and Pliocene ages found on the Cuesta Surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"148 ","pages":"Pages 275-292"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study on degradation of PVC microplastics under four processes: mechanism, pathway and toxicological assessment","authors":"Ruixue Li ,&nbsp;Muting Yan ,&nbsp;Cuiming Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Wei ,&nbsp;Lijie Xu ,&nbsp;Lu Gan ,&nbsp;Luyi Pan ,&nbsp;Wei Chu ,&nbsp;Xudai Wu ,&nbsp;Zhenfei Han ,&nbsp;Han Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the degradation properties of typical microplastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) treated by Sole peroxymonosulfate (Sole PMS), Sole ferrate (Sole Fe(VI)), Sole solar light (Sole SL) and solar light activated peroxymonosulfate and ferrate (SL/PMS/Fe(VI)) were investigated. The Cl⁻ released from the treated PVC of the four processes (e.g., Sole PMS, Sole Fe(VI), Sole SL and SL/PMS/Fe(VI)) was 1.87, 2.17, 15.62 and 23.36 mg/L, respectively (SL intensity = 1.70 W/cm², [PMS] = 10 mM, [Fe(VI)] = 5 mM). Moreover, the oxidation and dehydrochlorination of PVC occurred after the treatment under the above four processes. Compared to virgin PVC, the norfloxacin (NOF) and <em>sul1</em> adsorption on degraded PVC were enhanced. The adsorption of <em>sul1</em> on degraded PVC under Sole PMS, Sole Fe(VI), Sole SL and SL/PMS/Fe(VI) processes was 2.76, 3.18, 63.62 and 202.21 copies/g, respectively, which was higher than that in the control group (2.67 copies/g). The release of MP-derived dissolved organic matter (MP-DOM) was promoted, and the fluorescent composition and concentration of MP-DOM were changed after treatment by the above four processes. The Sole PMS, Sole Fe(VI) and Sole SL processes mainly produced alkanes, esters and alcohols, while alkanes, esters, aldehydes and phenols were generated in the SL/PMS/Fe(VI) process. Possible degradation pathways of PVC were proposed, and the degradation products were evaluated as “toxic” or even “very toxic” based on quantitative structure-effect relationship. Compared with Sole PMS, Sole Fe(VI) and Sole SL processes, the filtrates from PVC treated by SL/PMS/Fe(VI) showed the lowest mortality rate on zebrafish embryos. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the PVC degradation under different processes and the possible ecological impacts of degraded PVC and degradation products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"148 ","pages":"Pages 331-347"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}