Gondwana Research最新文献

{"title":"Three-dimensional crustal velocity and density structures around the eastern Central Asian orogenic belt and implications for the Solonker suture and metallogenic background","authors":"Lianghui Guo ,&nbsp;Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Mei Han ,&nbsp;Xueyang Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sandwiched by the Siberia and North China cratons, the eastern Central Asian orogenic belt (CAOB) is one of the ideal natural laboratories for studying Phanerozoic continental crust accretion, reworking and metallogenesis in the world. The Solonker suture has been commonly considered as the final Paleo-Asian Ocean closure and is crucial for understanding the tectonic formation and evolution of the eastern CAOB, but its eastern extension remains unknown in Northeast China due to thick cover of the Songliao Basin and a general lack of key geological markers. In addition, the deep metallogenic background of the Mesozoic polymetallic ore deposits in this area is still unclear and is in urgent need of high-resolution structure of crust and upper mantle. In this paper, we assemble seismic data from both permanent and portable seismic stations around the eastern CAOB along with the complete Bouguer gravity anomalies data, and then simultaneously construct the high-resolution 3-D <em>Vs</em> and density models of crust and uppermost mantle around this area by the full-waveform ambient noise and gravity joint inversion. Our <em>Vs</em> and density models reveal approximately symmetric features of velocity and density structures across the eastern CAOB, and suggest that the northern boundary of the Solonker suture extends eastward along the Xilinhot–Tonglu–Baicheng–Daqing line and the southern one is along the Linxi–Changling–Jilin line. Moreover, our <em>Vs</em> model illustrates that the Mesozoic polymetallic ore deposits in the southern Great Xing’an Range are mostly located around the overlay of the upper-crustal high-<em>Vs</em> values and the transition zones of Moho depression and uplift on the west of the NNE-trending Moho gradient belt. The Moho transition zone likely represents the deep crustal boundaries facilitating the ascent of ore-forming magmas and fluids from mantle into upper crust, and the overlay indicates the prospect areas for the future polymetallic mineral exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 73-81"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights on early diagenesis and palaeoenvironment of the Late Triassic bonebeds of India: evidence from rare earth element concentrations in fossil vertebrates","authors":"Aishee Sanyal,&nbsp;Sanghamitra Ray","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This first comprehensive geochemical investigation of vertebrate fossils from India focuses on mass death assemblages recovered from four contemporaneous bonebeds in the Upper Triassic Tiki Formation, India. The study encompasses three extinct tetrapod taxonomic groups, namely the metoposaurids, phytosaurs and rhynchosaurs that co-existed, occupied different life habits and proliferated on the Tiki landscape. Geochemical signals including high crystallinity indices with low variability, similar patterns of Post-Archean Australian Shale-normalised mean rare earth element concentrations, considerable overlapping of convex hull polygons, and consistent enrichment in middle rare earth elements suggest similar early diagenetic palaeoenvironments for the four Tiki bonebeds. Such enrichment in middle rare earth elements is seen because of the presence of iron oxide within a terrestrial well-oxygenated fluvial setting that prevailed during fossilisation. The burial was a single-phase event, likely caused by a major flooding event, irrespective of whether the fossil accumulation was time-averaged, attritional or catastrophic. Differences in mean rare earth element concentrations in the taxonomic groups may have resulted from variation in their infiltration that was influenced by bone density which in-turn was influenced by contrasts in lifestyle. A positive europium anomaly in all specimens suggests localised reducing or anaerobic conditions resulting from autolytic degradation of the tissues at the time of early diagenesis. Studied specimens exhibited both positive and negative cerium anomalies that signify variations in the duration of subaerial exposure prior to burial, weathering stages and burial depth. The study helped in delineating the early diagenetic palaeoenvironments and reconstructing fossilisation pathways of the four Late Triassic bonebeds and highlights the significance of understanding geochemical signals in fossil bones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 203-217"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145813831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling environmental drivers of blue carbon and primary productivity: Microphytobenthic biocoenosis in the mangrove sediments along the southwest coast of India","authors":"Niya Benny ,&nbsp;Jittu Mathai ,&nbsp;Lathika Cicily Thomas ,&nbsp;P. Ajayakumar ,&nbsp;T. Amaldev ,&nbsp;K.B. Padmakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microphytobenthic biocoenosis in the mangrove sediments along the southwest coast of India is intricately shaped by hydrographic and sediment characteristics. From December 2018 to February 2020, sediment and water samples were taken from five stations: KAN, KOL, KOC1, KOC2, and KOC3. During the investigation, 155 MPB species from 71 genera were discovered. The MPB community comprises diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, euglenophytes, charophytes, and chrysophytes. Major benthic diatoms present in the overall study were <em>Navicula erifuga</em> (179 cells cm⁻³), <em>Diploneis suborbicularis</em> (146 cells cm⁻³), <em>Halamphora cymbifera</em> (136 cells cm⁻³), <em>Diploneis smithii</em> (117 cells cm⁻³), <em>Nitzschia sigma</em> (109 cells cm⁻³), <em>Amphora cymbamphora</em> (93 cells cm⁻³), <em>Achnanthes fimbriata</em> (91 cells cm⁻³), <em>Amphora proteus</em> (74 cells cm⁻³)<em>, Gyrosigma balticum</em> (71 cells cm⁻³) and <em>Nitzschia lorenziana</em> (71 cells cm⁻³). The C/N ratios indicated terrigenous organic matter in KOL, while the C/S ratios suggested oxidising conditions at all stations except KOC1, which was reducing. Principal component analysis revealed that MPB and diatom diversity were positively correlated to porewater salinity, sediment temperature, C/N ratio, porewater nitrate and phosphate, DO, silt%, and OC content. MPB, diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, and euglenophytes correlated positively with sand% and chlorophyll <em>a</em>. Conversely, rainfall intensity, porewater silicate, sediment pH, and clay% negatively influenced diversity. Seasonal variations in MPB along the southwest coast of India were more pronounced than spatial differences, with nutrient availability and sediment properties shaping community composition, highlighting key environmental drivers of blue carbon and primary productivity in mangrove sediments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 17-37"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation mechanism and global implications of the early Guadalupian phosphorite deposition along the eastern Palaeo-Tethys upwelling region (South China)","authors":"Zhongqi Hu ,&nbsp;Bolin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xianguo Lang ,&nbsp;Jian Cao ,&nbsp;Suping Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Guadalupian (Middle Permian) marks a critical interval of climatic–oceanographic transition during the waning of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age (LPIA), accompanied by widespread phosphorite deposits in South China and North America. However, the linkage between palaeoenvironmental change and phosphorite formation remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the Kuhfeng Formation phosphorite deposition of the Lower Yangtze region in South China through integrated petrographic, mineralogical, geochronologic, and geochemical analyses. Our results suggest that phosphorite accumulated mainly in continental margin slope settings during the early Guadalupian (∼272.95 – 270.6 Ma), with phosphorus (P) hosted primarily in apatite. Left-sloping REE patterns, high Y/Ho values, and strong Al–P₂O₅ anti-correlation point to a dominantly marine source of phosphorus with limited volcanic input. Palaeoenvironmental proxies reveal warm-humid climates, strong upwelling, high productivity, suboxic-anoxic conditions, and elevated salinity during deposition. Based on an integrated tectonic–climatic–oceanic analysis, we propose an upwelling-driven high productivity mechanism under deglacial warming and intensified tectonism, controlling phosphorite formation. Following the deglaciation of the LPIA, enhanced upwelling and volcanic activity supplied abundant P, stimulating high primary productivity and abundant organic matter formation. This process promoted the deposition and decomposition of P–rich organic matter near the sediment–water interface, releasing large amounts of P into pore waters and finally facilitating phosphate precipitation. Comparison with contemporaneous phosphorite deposits in North America further suggests a global upwelling-driven mechanism for Guadalupian phosphorite formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 184-202"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass extinction constrained and redirected flight evolution in Permopsocida","authors":"Sheng Li ,&nbsp;Feiyang Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Yang ,&nbsp;Chungkun Shih ,&nbsp;Yunzhi Yao ,&nbsp;Dong Ren ,&nbsp;Ming Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insect flight represents a key evolutionary innovation, yet the impact of mass extinctions on wing evolution remains unclear. We reconstruct wing shape evolution in Permopsocida (Carboniferous–Cretaceous) based on morphometric approaches. The present study reveals a tri-phasic pattern: pre-extinction expansion, end-Permian bottleneck and post-extinction redirection. Despite opportunities in the Mesozoic, structurally conservative features constrained aerodynamic innovation. During the Jurassic-Cretaceous period, wings elongated convergently as compensatory adaptations, not as functional breakthroughs. Morphological disparity recovery lagged behind and was decoupled from early angiosperm radiation but synchronized with gymnosperm diversity. These findings demonstrate how extinction-induced structural constraints redirected evolution through compensatory adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 284-290"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geological sedimentary records constraining Earth-Moon system evolution over the past 60 million years: Insights from Cyclostratigraphy","authors":"Zhenwei Ge ,&nbsp;Juye Shi ,&nbsp;Quanyou Liu ,&nbsp;Tailiang Fan ,&nbsp;Zhiqian Gao ,&nbsp;Huiyuan Xu ,&nbsp;Ruyue Wang ,&nbsp;Weihui Bi ,&nbsp;Zhijun Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past 60 million years, Earth has transitioned from a warmhouse to an icehouse climate. Understanding the variations in Earth-Moon orbital parameters during this interval is essential for understanding past tidal dissipation and predicting the future dynamical evolution of the Earth-Moon system. However, geological records that constrain the Earth-Moon system throughout the Cenozoic remain limited. Here, we analyzed high-resolution borehole gamma-ray logs from two wells (F154 and L242) in the Bohai Bay Basin (BBB), dated to approximately 41.25 Ma and 39.23 Ma, respectively. Using two independent astronomical methods, we reconstructed key orbital parameters, including the precession constant <em>k</em>, Earth-Moon distance (EMD) and length of day (LOD). The results showed that the precession constant <em>k</em> is 51.32 ± 0.22 arcsec/yr for well L242 and 51.33 ± 0.27 arcsec/yr for well F154. These geological <em>k</em> values are consistent with the Farhat model, correspond to the upper uncertainty range of the Waltham model, and significantly deviate from the Laskar model. Linear regression of the compiled geological <em>k</em> values indicates a long-term LOD increase rate of 1.39 ms/century over the past 60 million years. This rate is lower than the 2.13 ms/century predicted by Farhat model, likely due to enhanced hydrological and oceanic mass redistribution under extreme warming events in the early to middle Eocene. These findings provide new constraints on Cenozoic Earth-Moon dynamics and long-term variations in LOD throughout geological history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 362-376"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of renewable energy transition in achieving carbon neutrality within the SDG framework: challenges, and prospects","authors":"Moslem Ansarinasab","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition of economies to renewable energy is one of the most important and fundamental building blocks for achieving decarbonization, and both are increasingly important in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This article systematically reviewed 32 peer-reviewed scientific articles published between 2000 and 2025, following the PRISMA guidelines. Thematic linkage findings showed that the stronger the transition to sustainable energy, the faster the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, including SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure). Co-authorship and co-citation analysis indicated that China, Bangladesh, and Pakistan were the leading countries in this direction. The keyword map also showed technological innovation, energy policy, and environmental sustainability as the focus of the studies. However, the findings showed that despite all the efforts made in this field, areas such as integrating social justice, poverty reduction and biodiversity protection in the energy transition remain neglected in studies. Therefore, a coherent global, transnational and targeted strategy seems necessary in this regard. Therefore, this study highlights three key insights in this regard: (1) The transition to renewable energy by accelerating decarbonization will facilitate access to affordable and clean energy as a sustainable development goal. (2) The more investments in the renewable energy transition are strengthened with complementary policies such as carbon pricing and technology transfer, the better the climate change outcomes will be. (3) Emphasis on green innovations in storage infrastructure and smart energy grids will lead to the development of green jobs and sustainable industrial growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 236-252"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145823786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeking El Dorado: Iceland’s carbon dioxide removal service opportunities to meet global demand and a new lens on overnight transition cost","authors":"Dominik Keiner,&nbsp;Yousef Pourjamal,&nbsp;Siavash Khalili,&nbsp;Christian Breyer","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dioxide removal is likely needed to reach the 1.5°C and a more ambitious 1.0°C target rebalancing the climate within planetary boundaries. Research on carbon dioxide removal is usually done either on global scale or for large regions. Dedicated energy system integration of a large-scale carbon dioxide removal industry sector into a national energy system is not yet state-of-the-art. This study closes this research gap for the case of Iceland, one of the most promising countries in the world to act as a carbon dioxide removal hub due to its geologically favourable conditions for in-situ mineralisation, and abundance of renewable energy sources including geothermal energy. Incorporating a novel method to represent the legacy transition cost in an overnight system transition model, several scenarios are applied varying the availability of geothermal energy and carbon dioxide removal service contribution to global demand for ambitious climate targets. The results indicate the requirement of alternative renewable energy sources beyond hydropower and geothermal energy, while large-scale carbon dioxide removal is possible. Renewable power generation capacities are required to significantly increase; onshore wind power, solar photovoltaics, and wave power are identified as additional pillars to supply the energy required. Instead of energy supply, the availability of workforce is identified as the main limitation, and 1 GtCO₂/a seems a realistic upper bound for carbon dioxide removal in Iceland. The gross domestic product per capita could be doubled by 2070, turning Iceland into one of the richest countries in the world and the ‘El Dorado’ of carbon dioxide removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 112-133"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porous rock permeability quantification: A superpixel-driven graph neural network method for pore region analysis","authors":"Xinlin Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhong ,&nbsp;Ping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rock permeability, as a significant parameter, plays a crucial role in research related to geological exploration, reservoir resource development, and the movement and distribution of subsurface fluids. Despite significant advancements in artificial intelligence technology for rock analysis in recent years, challenges remain in terms of prediction accuracy, computational complexity, and resource dependency. To address these issues, this paper proposes a superpixel-based graph neural network (SP-GNN) method to achieve rock permeability prediction. Specifically, the flow space of the rock medium is superpixelized to construct graph data. Based on the superpixel graph data, a graph neural network designed to learn multi-level cascading features is developed, while also implementing an algorithm to extract neighborhood spatial features that contain sequential relationships. A temporal pooling strategy is proposed to perform collaborative learning of the cascading features and neighborhood spatial features of graph data from a temporal perspective, in order to obtain hierarchical global features of dynamic nodes. Finally, the global features of the graph are input into the downstream tasks to achieve accurate prediction of permeability. Experimental results show that the SP-GNN significantly outperforms various existing benchmark schemes for permeability prediction across seven comprehensive performance metrics, demonstrating the ability to accurately and efficiently predict permeability for both mixed-type and single-type rocks; ablation experiments further validate the effectiveness of the proposed temporal pooling strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 100-111"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Cretaceous Meso-Tethyan oceanic plateau built on an ultraslow-spreading oceanic lithosphere: Insights from Hf–Nd–Os isotopes and Pt-group elements of the Dongco ophiolite, central Tibet","authors":"Chen Ji ,&nbsp;Kai-Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Dongco ophiolite in central Tibet represents an ideal profile of a Meso-Tethyan oceanic plateau lithosphere. In this paper, we presented petrological, geochronological, geochemical, Hf–Nd–Os isotopic and Pt-group elemental data for its primary igneous units, in an attempt to constrain the architecture and building process of oceanic plateau. The oceanic plateau basalts erupted over the Middle Jurassic (∼167 Ma) normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt (N-MORB)-like oceanic lithosphere dominantly composed of ultramafic and mafic plutons (ε_Nd(t) = 6.5–9.5; ε_Hf(t) = 15–21), at the Early Cretaceous (∼125 Ma). The absence of MORB-type basalt in the Dongco ophiolite, as well as the presence of diabase dikes intruding the mantle peridotite and cumulate gabbro, indicates the base of the oceanic plateau formed under an ultraslow spreading setting. The plateau basalts have positive ε_Nd(t) values (3.8–5.1), geochemically with distinct ocean-island basalt (OIB) affinity, and represent plume melts that were estimated to form at a depth over 160 km (1600 ℃ potential temperature). Wehrlites at the bottom of the OIBs, isotopically consistent with the OIBs, have highly siderophile element (HSE) compositions similar to Hawaii picrite and tholeiitic basalt with suprachondritic Os isotopic compositions (⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os = 0.1306–0.1329), signifying the plume melt cumulates based on modeling. The harzburgites are geochemically heterogeneous due to the plume melt–rock interaction. Type 1 harzburgites, mantle residues, have abyssal peridotite-like HSE compositions with subchondritic ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios (0.1182–0.1204) and ancient Re depletion model ages (1.0–1.3 Ga), indicating a complex depletion history. Type 2 harzburgites are characterized by fractionated Ir-group Pt group element compositions, higher subchondritic ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios (0.1211–0.1251) and younger Re depletion model ages (0.3–0.9 Ga), likely a percolation effect of plume melts with radiogenic Os isotopic compositions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 82-99"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}