Gondwana Research最新文献

{"title":"Towards energy technology transition and sustainability: Challenges and perspectives","authors":"Fangxia Pan, Xin Zhao, Xin Xu, HyoungSuk Lee, Yang Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"Under the severe situation of global climate change and ecological degradation, energy technology transition has become a core issue for sustainable development. Although existing research has explored concepts, impacts, and influencing factors related to energy technology transition, there are still issues such as fragmented research and insufficient coordination of response strategies. This study reviews relevant literature to construct a closed-loop analysis system consisting of “concept deconstruction, effect assessment, challenge identification, strategy adaptation, and future outlook.” Our findings reveal that the energy technology transition has generated benefits such as pollution reduction, energy structure optimization and industrial upgrading, but there are also potential adverse effects, such as negative environmental impacts, barriers to technology research and development, and difficulties in policy coordination. To this end, after sorting out the influencing factors and existing challenges of energy technology transition in terms of technological innovation, policy governance, market environment, and international forms, we propose strategies such as increasing R&D investment, improving market mechanisms, strengthening social publicity and education, leveraging the green finance effect and enhancing policy synergy. This study accurately identifies research gaps and challenges, and further proposes future countermeasures. It provides new ideas for promoting the transition of energy technology to sustainability, which is crucial for the sustainable development of global ecology, economy, and society.","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The intersection of energy transition and urban planning for sustainable development: enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability","authors":"Irfan Khan, Chunlin Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.018","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the key drivers of energy efficiency across Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) countries from 1999 to 2023, utilizing panel data econometrics to explore the influence of structural, environmental, and economic factors. Drawing on robust methodologies—including principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and regression models with Driscoll-Kraay and panel-corrected standard errors—the analysis identifies energy transition, population density, freshwater withdrawals, industry value added, and GDP per unit of energy use as critical determinants of energy efficiency. The results reveal that a progressing green energy transition significantly enhances energy efficiency, indicating the positive role of clean energy integration and grid modernization. Grid modernization upgrades the power grid with technologies like smart meters, energy storage, and real-time monitoring to manage renewables more efficiently and reduce energy losses. Similarly, higher population density modestly improves energy efficiency, likely through urban economies of scale and compact infrastructure. Increased freshwater withdrawals lower energy efficiency, linked to water-intensive processes like cooling systems and manufacturing. Industrial development boosts efficiency, emphasizing the need for technological upgrades and process optimization. However, GDP per unit of energy use shows a negative relationship with energy efficiency, indicating a disconnect between economic productivity and technical energy performance. The findings underscore the importance of holistic and cross-sectoral policy approaches that simultaneously address energy, water, and urban planning challenges. Strategic investments in clean energy technologies, efficient water management systems, industrial innovation, sustainable urbanization, and the development of a circular economy are essential to enhance energy efficiency worldwide.","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for Late Paleozoic subduction erosion, slab rollback and closure of the Irtysh-Zaysan Ocean from the evolving sediment provenance in the southwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt","authors":"Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiafu Chen ,&nbsp;Mingyang Xin ,&nbsp;Yuqi Liu ,&nbsp;Chao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accretionary orogens are characterized by complex subduction processes of oceanic lithosphere, the formation and closure of oceanic basin, and arc-arc collision. The Zharma-Saur arc in the southwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, had experienced the completed process of subduction and closure of the Irtysh-Zaysan Ocean during the Late Paleozoic, but controversy about its complex tectonic evolution still exists. Geochronological, isotopic and geochemistry data from Late Paleozoic volcanic-sedimentary strata in the eastern Zharma-Saur arc were conducted, aiming to decipher the tectono-sedimentary evolution of this important tectonic domain. The lithological and geochemistry analysis revealed the dominant input of magmatism-related detritus for all these sediments. The investigated Carboniferous sediments are dominated by Late Devonian–Carboniferous zircons (376–313 Ma) with positive εHf(t) values (+6.7 to + 16.6), sourced exclusively from the Zharma-Saur arc. However, the Early Permian sediment is characterized by a wide range of detrital zircon ages (2537–273 Ma) and εHf(t) values (−13.1 to + 13.9), which not only received detritus from the same arc domain but also contained detrital zircon grains sourced from the northerly Chinese Altai and Irtysh Complex, as well as southerly Boshchekul-Chingiz arc.</div><div>Based on our new data, combined with regional data, convincingly indicate that Middle Devonian subduction erosion of Irtysh-Zaysan Ocean gave rise to the destruction of the Ordovician Tarbagtay-Saur arc. Carboniferous slab rollback of Irtysh-Zaysan Ocean led to retreating migration of magmatism and transformation to an extensional setting as well as expansion of the back-arc ocean basin. The closure of the back-arc ocean basin and the Irtysh-Zaysan Ocean both occurred in the latest Carboniferous. This study distinguished these tectonic processes and characterized their evolution, which may be great importance for inferring tectonic framework of ancient accretionary orogens by sedimentary provenance analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 291-313"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incipient formation of the African precursor basin to the Ediacaran-Cambrian Araçuaí − West Congo Orogen: Implications for Columbia breakup and Gondwana assembly","authors":"J. De Grave ,&nbsp;S. Glorie ,&nbsp;D.B. Archibald ,&nbsp;L. Tack ,&nbsp;D. Baudet ,&nbsp;K. Theunissen ,&nbsp;P. Nseka-Mbemba ,&nbsp;A. Love-Pay","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Panafrican West Congo Belt (WCB) is part of the Ediacaran-Cambrian Araçuaí – West Congo Orogen (AWCO). The central part of the WCB is characterized by an ENE-verging fold-and-thrust belt with eastward decreasing deformation and metamorphic grade. It is underlain by c. 2.1 Ga Eburnean-aged rocks, that, in the study area (Lower Congo region, Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC), are represented by the Kimeza Basement Complex covered by the West Congo Supergroup. New mapping, field data, and detrital zircon chronology, constrain the maximum deposition of its basal Matadi Formation to c. 1.13 Ga. The previously considered basal Palabala Formation comprises mylonites derived from various protoliths from the underlying basement (Kimeza gneiss, Mpozo syenite), as well as Matadi metaquartzite, marking Palabala a tectono-structural unit between the Kimeza basement and Matadi Formation, giving rise to a revised lithostratigraphy. The Matadi Formation in the Lower Congo region is intruded by several (per)alkaline granites, such as the Noqui granite near Matadi and the Mao granite near Boma. New zircon U-Pb and Pb-Pb ages constrain these intrusions to c. 1.0 Ga (i.e. between 1008 ± 10 and 990 ± 10 Ma). We demonstrate that the Noqui peralkaline pluton, contrary to previous models, is unrelated to the adjacent Mpozo syenomonzonite for which we provide new ages of c. 1.95 to 1.99 Ga. The Kimeza basement that hosts the intrusions yielded a zircon Pb-Pb age of 2036 ± 8 Ma. Our data suggests a continuous supradetachment precursor basin to the AWCO, comprising the Brazilian Espinhaço (west) and Matadi deposits (east). Overstretching of the basement produced the (per)alkaline intrusions described here and corresponds to one of the successive extensional events (“E4”) that marks the protracted Columbia breakup history, preceding the building of the AWCO during Gondwana assembly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 445-464"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taphonomy of soft-tissue preservation in ferricrete at the McGraths Flat Lagerstätte","authors":"Tara Djokic ,&nbsp;Patrick M. Smith ,&nbsp;Jeff R. Havig ,&nbsp;Michael Frese ,&nbsp;Paulo Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;Jochen Brocks ,&nbsp;Michael Ellwood ,&nbsp;David J. Cantrill ,&nbsp;Dayna McGeeney ,&nbsp;Ross Pogson ,&nbsp;Chris Ryan ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Ai Nguyen ,&nbsp;Matilda L. Rosas ,&nbsp;Matthew R. McCurry","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Locating new fossil sites with exceptional soft-tissue preservation is vital for addressing taphonomic bias and accurately reconstructing the fossil record. McGraths Flat, a Miocene rainforest lake Konservat-Lagerstätte, uniquely preserves nanometre-scale soft-tissue structures in laminated Fe-oxyhydroxide (goethite) or ‘ferricrete’. However, constraints on the source of Fe, depositional conditions, and mechanisms that drove the exceptional soft-tissue preservation were lacking. Here, we demonstrate that warm, seasonally wet rainforest conditions generated acidic soils and transported dissolved Fe(II) from weathering basaltic bedrock into an oxbow lake. Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide precipitation then drove fossil burial and mineralization. Our findings suggest that ‘McGraths Flat-type’ fossil preservation may be common and could represent an untapped record of life on land.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 429-444"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical and petrogenetic evolution of the basement rocks of the Ha’il terrane, Arabian Shield: A snapshot of the Gondwana assembly","authors":"Om Prakash Pandey ,&nbsp;Froukje M. van der Zwan ,&nbsp;Ivana Zivadinovic ,&nbsp;Murtadha Y. Al Malallah ,&nbsp;Dewashish Upadhyay ,&nbsp;Jyoti Chandra ,&nbsp;Klaus Mezger","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ha’il terrane is one of eight terranes that amalgamated in the Neoproterozoic to form the Arabian Shield during the protracted assembly of Gondwana. Large portions of the terrane are composed of plutonic rocks, but the timing and mechanisms of their formation remain poorly constrained. This study presents whole-rock major and trace element concentrations and zircon in-situ U-Pb-Hf isotope data for the Ha’il monzogranite (Dayra suite), Kilab monzogranite (Shuwayman suite), and the Ha’il diorite (enclaved within the Ha’il monzogranite) of the Ha’il terrane. The Ha’il diorite is highly metaluminous, shows I-type affinity, and was emplaced at 650 ± 3 Ma during <em>syn</em>-orogenic magmatism. The Ha’il monzogranite and Kilab monzogranite are transitional metaluminous-peralkaline and exhibit ferroan, A-type, and alkalic granite affinities. They were emplaced at 640 ± 3 Ma during post-orogenic magmatism. The initial Hf-isotope compositions of the Ha’il diorite (εHf_(t) = +7.9 to + 9.0), Ha’il monzogranite (εHf_(t) = +8.2 to + 11.1), and the Kilab monzogranite (εHf_(t) = +8.7 to + 9.8) suggest their origin by partial melting of isotopically similar and juvenile crustal sources. The crustal sources were derived from a depleted mantle approximately 1000 Myr ago, coinciding with the initial rifting that led to the opening of the Mozambique Ocean. Furthermore, this study captures a tectonomagmatic transition from compressional, <em>syn</em>-orogenic to extensional, post-orogenic magmatism in the Ha’il terrane at around 640 Ma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 246-261"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land use and carbon stock changes in China: spatiotemporal evolution and forecasting analysis","authors":"Zhaoxu Zhang, Xutong Li, Sijia Du, Cong Shi, Zhenwei Shi, Yuanheng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"In response to global warming, food security, and other urgent challenges, examining the impact of land use changes is essential for China to effectively address these issues. By integrating carbon stock data with future land use projections, this approach can facilitate rational land planning, thereby balancing environmental protection with economic development. This study examined the changes in land use and carbon storage in China from 2005 to 2020 using MODIS data, and projected future trends. First, we analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of land use change using methods including land use dynamics, land use change rate, land use change intensity, and transition matrix analysis. Next, we investigated the driving forces behind land use change by examining seven key factors: digital elevation model (DEM), gross domestic product (GDP), precipitation, population density, soil type, temperature, and distance to water. Finally, we utilized the InVEST model to quantify carbon storage and the PLUS model to simulate and predict land use under three scenarios for the year 2030: natural development (S1), economic development (S2), and cropland protection (S3). The key findings were as follows: (1) Land use changes in China were quantitatively analyzed using various parameters, and corresponding carbon stock changes were assessed, (2) Predictions for land use in 2030 under the three scenarios were generated, achieving a Kappa coefficient of 88.94%, and projected carbon stock changes were estimated based on these results, (3) Soil type and population density were identified as critical driving factors influencing land use changes from 2005 to 2020, and the effects of these changes on carbon stocks were thoroughly analyzed. These findings offer valuable insights for policy formulation and optimization of land use patterns in China. This research promotes ecosystem protection and restoration to enhance carbon sequestration, improves cropland policies to balance food security and carbon reduction, enables region-specific land management, and provides scientific guidance for adaptive land use strategies.","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated China’s cold regions contraction under climate warming","authors":"Xuejia Wang ,&nbsp;Sihao Wei ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Gou ,&nbsp;Deliang Chen ,&nbsp;Mengqian Lu ,&nbsp;Guojin Pang ,&nbsp;Liya Qie ,&nbsp;Yijia Li ,&nbsp;Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Lanya Liu ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Meixue Yang ,&nbsp;Yermekov Farabi Kerimbayevich","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold regions are vital to the Earth system, influencing water storage, energy balance, and ecological stability. China’s diverse terrain includes extensive cold regions that are shrinking due to global warming, with profound implications for climate resilience. Despite their importance, comprehensive assessments of these regions’ past trends and future projections are lacking. This study employs an array of data, including gridded daily dataset (CN05.1), China Meteorological Forcing Dataset (CMFD), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5-Land (ERA5-Land), and original and bias-corrected outputs from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) global climate models (GCMs), to analyze the historical (1979–2016) and projected (2015–2100) dynamics of China’s cold regions under different emission scenarios. Our findings indicate that from 1979 to 2016, China’s cold regions covered an average of 3.87 million km², or 40.4 % of China’s land area, with the most substantial areas located in the Tibetan Plateau, Tianshan and Pamirs mountain ranges, and the northeastern region. These regions experienced a significant decline, at a rate of 154,000 km² per decade. Future projections based on bias-corrected CMIP6 data suggest an accelerating contraction, with estimates ranging from a decrease of 54,000 km² per decade under the SSP126 scenario to 210,000 km² per decade under the SSP585 scenario. By the end of the 21st century, the cold regions’ extent could diminish by more than 50 % under the high-emission SSP585 scenario compared to the historical baseline. The analysis shows that nearly 95 % of variations in the extent of China’s cold regions can be attributed to shifts in areas with an annual average temperature at or below 5 °C. These results underscore the need for urgent climate adaptation strategies, particularly as China’s cold regions continue to shrink in response to climate warming driven by human-induced emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 229-245"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracontinental underthrusting and lower crustal duplexing drive the uplift of the Qilian Shan","authors":"Huilin Li ,&nbsp;Xiaosong Xiong ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Guo ,&nbsp;Xingfu Huang ,&nbsp;Rui Gao ,&nbsp;Jennifer D. Eccles","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanism driving crustal shortening and thickening under the background of intracontinental orogeny has long been a focal point in plate tectonic theory. In particular, the uplift of the Qilian Shan, an intraplate orogenic system that experienced uplift due to the far-field effects of the India–Asia plate collision during the Cenozoic, remains a subject of ongoing debate. In this study, we first report two NE-trending deep seismic reflection profiles of large dynamite shots, totaling ∼400 km across the entire Qilian Shan. These two profiles provide high-resolution imaging of the lithospheric architecture beneath the South Qilian Shan and North Qilian Shan. Our results reveal two sets of prominent south-dipping reflections within the middle-lower crust of the Qilian Shan, which are accommodated by two large northward thrust faults. These south-dipping reflections are interpreted as a thrust fault system accompanied by middle-crustal duplexes beneath the South Qilian Shan, while beneath the North Qilian Shan, they represent the middle-lower crustal duplex structures. Additionally, these reflections offset the Moho and extend from the lower crust into the upper mantle. By integrating our seismic findings with available chronological data and prior geological and geophysical research, we propose that the far-field effects of the India–Asia collision induced two distinct phases of passive southward underthrusting of the North China Craton beneath the Qilian Shan. These two phases, along with the formation of multiple duplex structures in the middle-lower crust, played a pivotal role in the Cenozoic crustal shortening and thickening of the Qilian Shan. The Qilian Shan experienced significant uplift as a whole during the mid-Miocene and subsequently expanded towards the Hexi Corridor between 1 and 4 Ma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 201-211"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Australian intracratonic copper-gold and allied deposits: A clan of mineral systems","authors":"Carl W. Brauhart ,&nbsp;David Ian Groves","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A clan of intracratonic Cu-Au and allied deposits is proposed to define a diverse genetic group of hydrothermal mineral systems. Although there is far too much variation in both metal budgets and deposit style to be embraced within a single ore deposit class, a sensible clan, or spectrum, of deposit types is united by several common key features.</div><div>Deposits lie in the hanging wall of cratonic sutures that mark subduction-driven collision between two cratonic blocks at least some hundreds of millions of years before mineralization. They have a high-temperature combined geochemical signature that is distinctly magmatophile, with some combination of Cu, Au, Bi, W, Se, F, Mo, Sn, In, Pt, Pd, Ni, Co, U, and REEs. The deposits are broadly coeval with high-temperature, shallow-crustal, late- to post-orogenic felsic and minor basic magmatism with the size of that igneous footprint controlling the total endowment of the province. Broadly coeval felsic intrusions are generally not mineralized, nor do they have zoned alteration around the hot intrusions as they would have if there was a direct hydrothermal connection to mineralization. Rather they are interpreted to be a separate manifestation of the high heat flow environment that drives the intracratonic mineral systems. Rare, coeval, potassic mantle melts, for example, lamprophyres at Olympic Dam, are interpreted as directly derived from mantle lithosphere that was fertilized by fluids related to ancient subduction. Poorly constrained hydrothermal fluids are also interpreted to be derived from fertilized mantle lithosphere, with F and Se likely critical components. Fluorine is interpreted as an important silicate solvent and ligand and Se as a marker of a distinctly oxidized fluid source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"149 ","pages":"Pages 158-182"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}