Gondwana Research最新文献

{"title":"The Karharbari Formation (late Sakmarian–early Artinskian), India: A biostratigraphic, palaeoclimatic, and vegetational framework for Cisuralian Gondwana correlation","authors":"Debashish Das ,&nbsp;Shreerup Goswami ,&nbsp;Neha Aggarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Karharbari Formation of Peninsular India, long considered a transitional unit between the Talchir and Barakar formations, is re-evaluated here as a distinct palaeoecological and stratigraphic interval of Late Sakmarian to Early Artinskian age. Integrating megafloral, palynological, petrographic, coal, and lithostratigraphic data, this review synthesizes records from multiple Lower Gondwana coalfields to clarify the formation’s spatial extent, floral composition, and environmental character. Biostratigraphically anchored by the <em>Crucisaccites monoletus</em> Assemblage Zone, the Karharbari strata exhibit strong regional coherence across basins, supported by floral and faunal correlatives in peri-Gondwanan and southern high-latitude Gondwanan settings, including Australia, South Africa, and South America. The vegetation reflects two interrelated ecological domains: a terrestrial forest system dominated by <em>Gangamopteris</em>, <em>Noeggerathiopsis</em>, and early <em>Glossopteris:</em> and a marshy wetland system comprising <em>Schizoneura</em>, <em>Gondwanidium</em>, and lycopsid groundcover. Conceptual models of floral transition, coal petrography, and climatic trajectory illustrate the formation’s role as a post-glacial recovery phase and precursor to widespread <em>Glossopteris</em>-dominated swamps. Collectively, the Karharbari Formation emerges as a regionally mappable, biostratigraphically distinct, and ecologically transitional unit within the Lower Gondwana, offering a valuable reference point for Cisuralian correlations across Gondwana continents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"147 ","pages":"Pages 16-35"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping a 300-million-year old glacier bed: The Noordoewer section, Orange River, Namibia","authors":"D.P. Le Heron,&nbsp;P. Mejías Osorio,&nbsp;R. Wohlschlägl","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.05.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.05.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glacial geomorphological structures produced during the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age (LPIA) of Namibia provide exceptional insight into the flow direction, flow behaviour, and plumbing of subglacial drainage systems in deep time. At Noordoewer (southern Namibia), along the Orange River, a unique and largely undocumented ∼300 Ma assemblage of subglacial structures within the Dwyka Group is investigated. A detailed geological map documents a complex array of both hard- and soft-bed features shaped by the combined action of subglacial abrasion and meltwater. Structures trend parallel to the Orange River, supporting the view that part of its course originated as a Late Carboniferous valley. Key glacial indicators in a hard bedrock area developed on the Nama Group (Ediacaran metasediments) include (i) striated pavements, (ii) multiple roches moutonnées, and (iii) meltwater channels / p-forms. In areas comprising either a veneer or sheet of sandy diamictite, additional soft subglacial bed features are recognised, including (iv) a flute field, (v) soft-sediment striated surfaces (SSSS) and (vi) glaciotectonic structures including deformation bands. Collectively, these six sets of features support a NNW-directed palaeoflow, in direct contrast to previous interpretations of a southward or westward glacial flow down the axis of the Karasburg Basin. Thus, the new findings have broad implications for reconstructing past ice sheet dynamics and interpreting the geological record of glacial landscapes in the Late Palaeozoic record.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"146 ","pages":"Pages 163-172"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonic evolution of the Amerasia Basin, Arctic Ocean","authors":"Anatoly M. Nikishin ,&nbsp;Ksenia F. Aleshina ,&nbsp;Elizaveta A. Rodina ,&nbsp;Gillian R. Foulger ,&nbsp;Henry W. Posamentier ,&nbsp;Ekaterina R. Chizhova","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tectonic evolution of the Arctic Ocean remains debated. We present a new interpretation of selected seismic profiles for the Amerasia Basin. We extend and correlate the seismic stratigraphy for the area from the Alpha-Mendeleev Rise to the Canada Basin. The seismic stratigraphy is tied to isotope ages of volcanic rocks. It shows that the Canada Basin postdates formation of the Alpha-Mendeleev Rise. We distinguish the following stages in the formation of the Amerasia Basin: Stage 1. Jurassic-Neocomian formation of continental rifts. Stage 2. Barremian (Aptian)-Albian (125–100 Ma) large-scale extensional tectonics and magmatism in the Alpha-Mendeleev Rise and adjacent basins, formation of SDR-type complexes and failed passive volcanic continental margins. Continental rifting occurs with local formation of SDR-type complexes in the future Canada Basin. Stage 3. Late Cretaceous (100–70 Ma) back-arc opening of the Canada Basin with rotation of Alaska toward the Pacific Ocean. Transitional crust and highly stretched (hyper-extended) continental crust formed first, followed by oceanic crust. Sea-floor spreading propagated toward the Nautilus Basin and the Alpha-Mendeleev Rise. Large submarine volcanoes formed during late stages of the opening. Stage 4. ca. 70–56 Ma formation of graben systems in the 78˚N Basin, Stefansson Basin, north and east of the Chukchi Borderland. Stage 5. Cenozoic general subsidence of the basin and formation of normal faults north of the Chukchi Borderland. Amerasia Basin formation began just after the end of the Verkhoyansk-Chukotka collision orogeny and South Anyui Ocean closure, simultaneously with orogenic collapse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"146 ","pages":"Pages 173-199"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Wilson cycle of the Hongliuhe-Xichangjing backarc ocean in the Altaids and its contribution to crustal reworking","authors":"Shengdong Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Song ,&nbsp;Yazhuo Niu ,&nbsp;Kai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.05.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.05.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Backarc basins, as primary sites for oceanic crust generation within accretionary orogen, play a critical role in crustal reworking. However, it remains enigmatic how backarc basins contribute to crustal reworking. The Hongliuhe–Xichangjing Ocean (HXO), as a significant Early Paleozoic branch of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, has sparked considerable debate regarding the timing and processes of its formation and closure. This study proposes a Wilson cycle for the HXO, based on sedimentary sequences and provenances from two accretionary complexes along its margins. On the southern margin, the detrital zircon age spectra of Cambrian to Early Ordovician strata are bimodal with age peaks at ca. 980 and 2440 Ma derived from the Dunhuang and Shuangyingshan blocks. The age spectra of Late Ordovician strata are unimodal with age peaks at 472–458 Ma, showing derivation from a juvenile arc on the Shuangyingshan block. On the northern margin, the age spectra of Cambrian strata are bimodal with the age peaks at 558 Ma and 671 Ma sourced from volcanic arcs near the Tuva-Mongolia block. In the Silurian, the age spectra shift to unimodal pattern with age peaks at ca. 441–451 Ma, showing their derivations from the Gongpoquan arc. The differences in source areas of both margins in the Cambrian indicate the existence of HXO, while the provenance shift from Cambrian to Middle-Late Ordovician reveals that they both transformed from passive margins to active continental margins. The Wilson cycle involves backarc spreading during the Early Cambrian, oceanic extension from the Middle Cambrian to Early Ordovician and bipolar subduction from the Middle Ordovician to Late Carboniferous. The formation of HXO and subsequent backarc expansion resulted from its bipolar subduction fragmented the uniform continent, which is a key mechanism for crustal reworking in the Altaids. Resurrected subduction of the HXO produced accretionary complexes, leading to lateral crustal growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"147 ","pages":"Pages 80-97"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Maud Belt (East Antarctica) as an accretionary orogen in Rodinia: Isotopic composition, evolution and spatial variation","authors":"Cheng-Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Joachim Jacobs ,&nbsp;Horst R. Marschall ,&nbsp;Sidney Hemming ,&nbsp;Guillaume Jacques ,&nbsp;Andreas Läufer","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.05.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.05.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Maud Belt of East Antarctica represents a late Mesoproterozoic orogen along the periphery of the Proto-Kalahari Craton, and a better understanding of its orogenic nature helps to elucidate the configuration of Kalahari within the Rodinia supercontinent. In this study, we present original and compiled zircon U–Pb geochronological and Hf isotopic data spanning ca. 1180 to 950 Ma along with whole-rock Nd isotopes, covering a broad expanse of the Maud Belt and the adjacent Archean Grunehogna Craton, in an attempt to delineate the spatial and temporal patterns of isotopic compositions and evolution, and to better understand the orogenic architecture and style. Spatial isotopic variations are particularly evident in the western front of the orogen (western H.U. Sverdrupfjella) in contrast to other regions. The former exhibits a wide range of isotopic compositions, with the majority showing highly evolved signatures, indicating that the orogenic crust developed through the reworking of pre-existing Archean–Paleoproterozoic continental crust. In contrast, most other regions of the Maud Belt are characterized by relatively juvenile Hf and Nd isotopic compositions, which are interpreted to be derived from a mixture of juvenile magmas and Paleoproterozoic crust. The Hf isotopic evolution from 1180 Ma to 950 Ma indicates significantly less reworking of pre-existing continental crust compared to other contemporaneous Rodinia-forming orogens, including the Grenville Orogen itself, and emphasizes a predominant addition of juvenile material, implying a continuous subduction process. The isotopic investigation in this study, combined with the geological and paleomagnetic evidence, indicates that the Maud Belt most likely represents an exterior accretionary orogen along the eastern margin of the Proto-Kalahari Craton, rather than being part of the continental collision zones that led to Rodinia amalgamation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"146 ","pages":"Pages 235-251"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Middle Devonian–Carboniferous crustal differentiation promoted by hydrous plume-related magmatism along the Paleo-Pacific active margin: A case study of the Gashun Nuur Complex in the Mongolian Altai","authors":"Luc de Hoÿm de Marien ,&nbsp;Vojtěch Janoušek ,&nbsp;Karel Schulmann ,&nbsp;Pavel Hanžl ,&nbsp;Jitka Míková ,&nbsp;John M. Hora ,&nbsp;Martin Racek ,&nbsp;Ondrej Lexa ,&nbsp;Turbold Sukhbaatar ,&nbsp;David Buriánek ,&nbsp;Carmen Aguilar","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.05.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.05.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Petrology, whole-rock geochemistry, Sr–Nd isotopic data, and zircon U–Pb geochronology of magmatic rocks from Gashun Nuur Complex (Tseel Sum, Mongolian Altai) confirm catastrophic mid–late Devonian–Tournaisian (<em>c.</em> <!-->385–350<!--> <!-->Ma) mantle melting. Early (<em>c.</em> <!-->385<!--> <!-->Ma), scattered, large (∼<!--> <!-->100<!--> <!-->m across) metagabbroic bodies carry a weak subduction-like signature (elevated contents of Large Ion Lithophile Elements – LILE, depletion in High Field Strength Elements – HFSE, high <span><math><msubsup><mi>ε</mi><mrow><mi>Nd</mi></mrow><mi>i</mi></msubsup></math></span> of + 3.9 to + 7.0, unradiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i of 0.7036–0.7044). Younger (<em>c.</em> <!-->375–350<!--> <!-->Ma) Fe-poor and Fe-rich dismembered amphibolite sheets show an EMORB character typical of melts resulting from the interaction of a subduction-modified depleted lithospheric mantle with a mantle plume (moderate LILE and HFSE, highly positive <span><math><msubsup><mi>ε</mi><mrow><mi>Nd</mi></mrow><mi>i</mi></msubsup></math></span> of + 6.4 to + 9.2, variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i of 0.7037–0.7068). Their chemistry marks the arrival of a mantle plume in an active margin setting far behind the magmatic arc. The Gashun Nuur Complex belongs to a vast (&gt;<!--> <!-->300,000<!--> <!-->km²) mosaic of Devonian magmatic provinces which encompass the Altai suprasubduction, Altai–Sayan intracontinental and Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic domains. The studied middle Devonian–Tournaisian magmatic event is interpreted as the surface expression of hydrous plume(s) developed above a dehydrating flat-slab resting upon the lower mantle, at the mantle transition zone. The flat slab favoured the retreat of the trench causing extension in the overriding lithosphere. In the Gashun Nuur Complex, heat and fluids from mantle-derived intrusions induced extensive partial melting of a fertile Cambrian–Ordovician volcanic–sedimentary accretionary wedge, promoting a wide-rift mode of extension. Ascent and emplacement of granitic magmas to the middle crust left a still partially hydrated lower crust with an intermediate composition. This process of crustal differentiation may have played an important role in the stratification and stabilisation of the continental crust through the Earth’s history.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"147 ","pages":"Pages 36-62"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charting green growth and environmental sustainability in emerging economies: Do sectoral energy intensity, green finance, and green technology innovation matter?","authors":"Puspanjali Behera ,&nbsp;Litu Sethi ,&nbsp;Priyanka Pradhan ,&nbsp;Sanhita Sucharita ,&nbsp;Narayan Sethi","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging economies face the dual challenges of enhancing green growth while limiting carbon emissions. Therefore, the study investigates the impact of sectoral energy intensity, renewable energy, green technological innovations, and green finance on green growth and carbon footprint in selected 13 emerging economies from 2000 to 2022. This study employed Driscoll- Kraay and Three-stage least squares (3SLS) estimators for robustness. The robust findings demonstrate that agricultural and service sector energy intensity positively affects green growth, while industrial energy intensity has a negative impact. On the contrary, agriculture, industry, and service energy intensity, green finance, and green growth increase the carbon footprint, while green technology helps decrease it. Furthermore, the threshold analysis outlined that the energy intensity in the service sector effectively limits carbon footprint and enhances green growth in the presence of renewable energy as a threshold variable; while considering the interactions of renewable energy with green finance, the industrial energy intensity outperforms with compared energy intensity of other sectors. The results suggest that government and policymakers should formulate several policies that channel green finance for advancing technological innovation and boosting renewable energy projects through enhancing green growth while limiting carbon footprint to accomplish the sustainable development goals set by emerging economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"146 ","pages":"Pages 130-145"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of geochemical processes in CCUS: Mechanisms, processes, and implications","authors":"Shuaiyi Lu ,&nbsp;Pan Jiang ,&nbsp;Lianghan Cong ,&nbsp;Tianqi Zheng ,&nbsp;Yankai Hao ,&nbsp;Xiaoshu Lü","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.05.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.05.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emission of greenhouse gases has resulted in the deterioration of the global climate, leading nations worldwide to adopt measures to mitigate the environmental impact of carbon emissions. Carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is an emerging large-scale greenhouse gas emission reduction technology with the potential to become an important means of mitigating the greenhouse effect in the future. However, the geochemical reactions accompanying CCUS implementation critically impact system stability and the environment. This review systematically examines the geochemical reaction mechanisms in CCUS reservoirs, including clastic rock, claystone, carbonate rock, igneous rock, and coal, and their effects and risks on CO₂ sequestration systems. It has been demonstrated that geochemical reactions are prevalent in various types of CCUS, including mineral dissolution, CO₂ mineralization, and adsorption of CO₂ by rocks. These reactions may alter rock strength, caprock sealing integrity, fracture development, and groundwater ion concentrations, influencing sequestration outcomes. The study highlights challenges in CCUS geochemical research and proposes future directions. By enhancing understanding of reaction processes and risks, this work provides insights for CCUS operation, monitoring, and research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"146 ","pages":"Pages 200-215"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gondwana Research: Two decades of publishing partnership","authors":"Andrea Festa,&nbsp;Darren Lingley","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"147 ","pages":"Page 335"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating detrital apatite from the Castlemaine Group, central Victoria, to unravel sources and multi-cycle sedimentation","authors":"Luke Tylkowski ,&nbsp;Caroline Tiddy ,&nbsp;David Giles ,&nbsp;Ross Cayley ,&nbsp;Adrienne Brotodewo ,&nbsp;Robert Thorne ,&nbsp;Wessley Edgar","doi":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.05.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gr.2025.05.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detrital mineral studies have been largely undertaken using zircon, a resilient mineral to weathering, that accumulates in sediments through multiple cycles of sedimentation preserving information from early cratons and provinces. The greater susceptibility of apatite to weathering offers a specific advantage to apatite geochemistry and geochronology over zircon: an insight into first-cycle sedimentation. Such insight is critical in reconstructing the provenance history of ancient sediment successions potentially sourced from a diversity of terranes, such as the Castlemaine Group in the Lachlan Fold Belt, southeastern Australia. This kilometres-thick deep marine turbidite succession was deposited along the eastern edge of Gondwana in the Ordovician. It has many potential sources throughout the supercontinent including nearby in Australia, further afield in Antarctica, and from other former Gondwana constituents including Africa. Deep diamond drill core near the Fosterville deposit in central Victoria, southeastern mainland Australia, intersects large sequences of the Ordovician turbidite succession. The combined geochemistry and U-Pb geochronology of detrital apatite grains from the Fosterville drill core by LA-ICP-MS allows for not only the classification of the source lithology through its rare earth element (REE), Sr and Y chemistry but also apatite U-Pb age. The majority of igneous and metamorphic apatite grains are aged between 580–480 Ma and are likely to be sourced from the nearby Adelaide Rift Complex, Delamerian Orogen and East Antarctica Ross Orogen. Older apatite linked to Grenvillian (1300–900 Ma), Rodinian Rifting (850–650 Ma) and Early Pan-African events (650–580 Ma) are significantly smaller populations compared to previously published U-Pb zircon data from the Castlemaine Group, indicating that these older populations were likely inherited through multiple sedimentation cycles with greater loss of apatite versus zircon. We conclude that although a direct source from East Antarctica to supply sediment of this age and older remains possible, a proximal source terrane comprised of rocks displaying inherited multi-cycle provenance mixed with first-cycle apatite derived from Delamerian/Ross Orogen igneous and metamorphic events is most likely.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12761,"journal":{"name":"Gondwana Research","volume":"146 ","pages":"Pages 146-162"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}