Comparative study on degradation of PVC microplastics under four processes: mechanism, pathway and toxicological assessment

IF 7.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Gondwana Research Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI:10.1016/j.gr.2025.07.015

Ruixue Li , Muting Yan , Cuiming Huang , Xiaoling Wei , Lijie Xu , Lu Gan , Luyi Pan , Wei Chu , Xudai Wu , Zhenfei Han , Han Gong

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Abstract

In this study, the degradation properties of typical microplastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) treated by Sole peroxymonosulfate (Sole PMS), Sole ferrate (Sole Fe(VI)), Sole solar light (Sole SL) and solar light activated peroxymonosulfate and ferrate (SL/PMS/Fe(VI)) were investigated. The Cl⁻ released from the treated PVC of the four processes (e.g., Sole PMS, Sole Fe(VI), Sole SL and SL/PMS/Fe(VI)) was 1.87, 2.17, 15.62 and 23.36 mg/L, respectively (SL intensity = 1.70 W/cm², [PMS] = 10 mM, [Fe(VI)] = 5 mM). Moreover, the oxidation and dehydrochlorination of PVC occurred after the treatment under the above four processes. Compared to virgin PVC, the norfloxacin (NOF) and sul1 adsorption on degraded PVC were enhanced. The adsorption of sul1 on degraded PVC under Sole PMS, Sole Fe(VI), Sole SL and SL/PMS/Fe(VI) processes was 2.76, 3.18, 63.62 and 202.21 copies/g, respectively, which was higher than that in the control group (2.67 copies/g). The release of MP-derived dissolved organic matter (MP-DOM) was promoted, and the fluorescent composition and concentration of MP-DOM were changed after treatment by the above four processes. The Sole PMS, Sole Fe(VI) and Sole SL processes mainly produced alkanes, esters and alcohols, while alkanes, esters, aldehydes and phenols were generated in the SL/PMS/Fe(VI) process. Possible degradation pathways of PVC were proposed, and the degradation products were evaluated as “toxic” or even “very toxic” based on quantitative structure-effect relationship. Compared with Sole PMS, Sole Fe(VI) and Sole SL processes, the filtrates from PVC treated by SL/PMS/Fe(VI) showed the lowest mortality rate on zebrafish embryos. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the PVC degradation under different processes and the possible ecological impacts of degraded PVC and degradation products.

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聚氯乙烯微塑料降解机理、途径及毒理学评价的比较研究

研究了过氧单硫酸盐鞋底（Sole PMS）、高铁酸鞋底（Sole Fe(VI)）、太阳光鞋底（Sole SL）和太阳光活化的过氧单硫酸盐高铁酸鞋底（SL/PMS/Fe(VI)）对典型微塑料聚氯乙烯（PVC）的降解性能。4种工艺处理PVC （Sole PMS、Sole Fe（VI）、Sole SL和SL/PMS/Fe(VI)）的Cl−释放量分别为1.87、2.17、15.62和23.36 mg/L （SL强度= 1.70 W/cm2, [PMS] = 10 mM, [Fe(VI)] = 5 mM）。在以上4种工艺条件下，PVC均发生氧化和脱氯化氢反应。与未加工PVC相比，降解后的PVC对诺氟沙星（NOF）和硫酸的吸附增强。在Sole PMS、Sole Fe（VI）、Sole SL和SL/PMS/Fe（VI）处理下，降解PVC对sul1的吸附量分别为2.76、3.18、63.62和202.21 copies/g，均高于对照组（2.67 copies/g）。上述四种工艺处理后，促进了MP-DOM的释放，改变了MP-DOM的荧光组成和浓度。Sole PMS、Sole Fe（VI）和Sole SL工艺主要产生烷烃、酯类和醇类，而SL/PMS/Fe（VI）工艺主要产生烷烃、酯类、醛类和酚类。提出了PVC可能的降解途径，并基于定量结构-效应关系将降解产物评价为“有毒”甚至“剧毒”。与Sole PMS、Sole Fe（VI）和Sole SL处理相比，SL/PMS/Fe（VI）处理的PVC滤液对斑马鱼胚胎的死亡率最低。本研究的结果有助于了解PVC在不同工艺下的降解，以及降解后的PVC和降解产物可能产生的生态影响。

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来源期刊

Gondwana Research 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

12.90

自引率

6.60%

发文量

298

审稿时长

65 days

期刊介绍： Gondwana Research (GR) is an International Journal aimed to promote high quality research publications on all topics related to solid Earth, particularly with reference to the origin and evolution of continents, continental assemblies and their resources. GR is an "all earth science" journal with no restrictions on geological time, terrane or theme and covers a wide spectrum of topics in geosciences such as geology, geomorphology, palaeontology, structure, petrology, geochemistry, stable isotopes, geochronology, economic geology, exploration geology, engineering geology, geophysics, and environmental geology among other themes, and provides an appropriate forum to integrate studies from different disciplines and different terrains. In addition to regular articles and thematic issues, the journal invites high profile state-of-the-art reviews on thrust area topics for its column, ''GR FOCUS''. Focus articles include short biographies and photographs of the authors. Short articles (within ten printed pages) for rapid publication reporting important discoveries or innovative models of global interest will be considered under the category ''GR LETTERS''.