Moses Gatambũki Gathigia, Ruiming Wang, Manqiong Shen, Carlos Tirado, Oksana Tsaregorodtseva, Omid Khatin-Zadeh, Ricardo A. Minervino, F. Marmolejo‐Ramos
{"title":"A cross-linguistic study of metaphors of death","authors":"Moses Gatambũki Gathigia, Ruiming Wang, Manqiong Shen, Carlos Tirado, Oksana Tsaregorodtseva, Omid Khatin-Zadeh, Ricardo A. Minervino, F. Marmolejo‐Ramos","doi":"10.1075/COGLS.00025.GAT","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/COGLS.00025.GAT","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The avoidance of directly addressing human mortality indicates fear of death. This fear elicits psychological, social and religious\u0000 interdictions in language such that people resort to the use of metaphors to avoid confronting death. Under the premise that\u0000 metaphor is a conceptual mapping from a concrete source to an abstract target domain, this study aims to identify and categorize\u0000 euphemistic metaphors of death in six languages: Chinese, Farsi, Gĩkũyũ, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish. Those metaphors are\u0000 interpreted via the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). In doing so, 40 speakers in each of the languages were asked to complete a\u0000 short questionnaire. Various metaphors of death were identified in each language and categorized into four conceptual metaphors:\u0000 death is a journey; death is the end; death is a rest; and death is a summons. The key finding is that the\u0000 most common metaphor of death is death is a journey. This holds across linguistic groups regardless of gender and age\u0000 factors. This study also discusses the role of embodied cognition theories in accounting for how metaphors of death are created\u0000 and their role within cognition in general.","PeriodicalId":127458,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Linguistic Studies","volume":"08 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129127016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Huang, F. Sharifian, S. Feldman, Hui. Yang, H. Radermacher, C. Browning
{"title":"Cross-cultural conceptualizations of ageing in Australia","authors":"Hui Huang, F. Sharifian, S. Feldman, Hui. Yang, H. Radermacher, C. Browning","doi":"10.1075/COGLS.00021.HUA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/COGLS.00021.HUA","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, the framework of Cultural Linguistics is employed to examine how older people from two different ethnic backgrounds\u0000 in Australia conceptualize ageing and their own experience of ageing. The paper employs a qualitative method for the\u0000 instantiations of interviews from two focus groups of Australian women. The results indicated that women of Anglo-Celtic\u0000 background had a more self-oriented perception of ageing, aged care and self, while women of Chinese background had a more\u0000 relational outlook. However, the evidence indicated that changes were taking place in both traditions despite a certain degree of\u0000 continuity.","PeriodicalId":127458,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Linguistic Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133311072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The status of punctuation marks in Cognitive Grammar","authors":"Zeki Hamawand","doi":"10.1075/COGLS.00018.HAM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/COGLS.00018.HAM","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper seeks to provide a new analysis of punctuation marks in English. To do so, it substantiates two claims of Cognitive\u0000 Grammar. One claim is that the meaning of a linguistic expression is best understood in terms of the domain to which it belongs.\u0000 In light of this claim, the paper argues that punctuation marks form sets in which they highlight similarities in general but\u0000 differences in specifics. The other claim is that the use of a linguistic expression is governed by the particular construal\u0000 imposed on its content. In view of this claim, the paper argues that the use of a punctuation mark stems from the particular\u0000 construal the speaker chooses to describe a situation. The occurrence of two or more punctuation marks gives rise to semantic\u0000 contrast, in which each mark represents a different construal, and so a different meaning. The aim of the analysis is to emphasise\u0000 the roles which punctuation marks play in the interpretation of sentences, namely in conveying meaning.","PeriodicalId":127458,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Linguistic Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122978012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is “to fish in a river” equivalent to “to fish a river”?","authors":"A. Condamines","doi":"10.1075/COGLS.00019.CON","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/COGLS.00019.CON","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using the example of the alternation [to fish (det) river(s)]/[to fish prep (det) river(s)/], this paper adopts a corpus\u0000 linguistics approach in order to show how it can contribute to studies in cognitive semantics, combining statistics with a more\u0000 qualitative analysis. The main aim is to investigate whether these two constructions (with or without a preposition) correspond to\u0000 a single meaning with alternations or to two distinct meanings. Two studies, both using the Web as corpus, were carried out to\u0000 elucidate this issue. The first study compared occurrences of the two constructions on French and English websites and showed\u0000 that, statistically speaking, the construction without a preposition occurs mainly in angling websites that have an emotional\u0000 dimension, such as blogs. The second study, focusing solely on English websites, examined the lexical environment of the two\u0000 constructions and identified certain distinct semantic classes for each construction, defining two semantic scenarios. These two\u0000 semantic scenarios were found to correlate closely with the nature of the website. In light of the corpus evidence, the paper\u0000 concludes in favor of two meanings, each concerned by one or the other construction (with or without a preposition). The role of\u0000 the emotional dimension in the relationship between the angler and the river is crucial in determining the presence or absence of\u0000 a preposition before river. Such a conclusion positions this study firmly in the perspective of cognitive\u0000 sociolinguistics.","PeriodicalId":127458,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Linguistic Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115939781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metaphor and emotion","authors":"S. Sharma","doi":"10.1075/COGLS.00023.SHA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/COGLS.00023.SHA","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The objective of current research article is to examine the metaphorical concepts of emotion anger in\u0000 conventionalized phraseological expressions or phraseologisms (pls) of Hindi.1 It\u0000 aims to find out the extent to which conceptual metaphor motivate Hindi pls and influence their semantic configuration.\u0000 In addition, it also compares the metaphorical concepts of Hindi mainly with that of English and Chinese while employing the\u0000 research studies conducted by Kövecses (1990), Lakoff and Kövecses (1987) and Yu (2012), who have postulated that physical\u0000 interaction with surrounding world as well as cultural artefacts and practices largely mediate the conceptualization of emotions\u0000 in a given linguistic community. Being the language of a collectivist cultural community in India, Hindi chooses more\u0000 language-specific anger metaphors and conceptualizes anger more cultural specifically than English and other languages do.","PeriodicalId":127458,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Linguistic Studies","volume":"361 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132282086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mental models, (de)compressions, and the actor’s process in body-swap movies","authors":"A. Abdel-Raheem","doi":"10.1075/COGLS.00026.ABD","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/COGLS.00026.ABD","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The body-swap comedy, where someone finds themselves inhabiting an entirely different body, is a well-established Hollywood\u0000 tradition. Crucially, American filmmakers have tried every twist and contortion of this genre premise at a point or another over\u0000 the past few decades. And yet, other countries, such as Egypt, Japan, and South Africa, seem to have just now put different spins\u0000 on the theme. Nevertheless, this genre is under-theorized and under-explored. Drawing on insights from blending theory (Fauconnier and Turner 2002), mental models (van Dijk\u0000 2014), and the actor’s process as described by, among others, Stanislavsky (1995, 2008) and Brecht (1964,\u0000 1970), this article provides cognitively plausible answers to the perennial\u0000 questions: What is so funny in body-swap films? How do spectators make sense of this genre? How do blending processes operate in\u0000 body-swap movies? Do spectators “live in the blend?” What patterns of compression or decompression are at work in body-swap\u0000 templates? Can humor be a strong determiner of moral-political cognition? And what connections can be drawn between acting and\u0000 cognitive neuroscience? A discussion of English and Arabic examples (i) points to some of the cultural concepts involved in\u0000 body-swap films, (ii) shows how conceptual blending in humorous films serves to both perpetuate and modify culturally relevant\u0000 concepts, and (iii) highlights the necessity to expand the current scope in compression, embodiment and identity research. More\u0000 generally, then, this article presents a new cognitive theory of how cinema, television, or theatre communicates meaning. The most\u0000 important aim of this study is thus to contribute to the small but growing number of publications that use the cognitive sciences\u0000 to inform scholarly and practical explorations in theatre and performance studies, as well as to the study of Arab theatre and\u0000 cinema, which are among the most neglected subjects in the field.","PeriodicalId":127458,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Linguistic Studies","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131559656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metaphorical motion in Chinese","authors":"Xinxin Shan, Aunga Solomon Onchoke","doi":"10.1075/COGLS.00020.SHA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/COGLS.00020.SHA","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper focuses on metaphorical motion in the Chinese language by investigating how various abstract concepts\u0000 are construed in terms of spatial motion. The claim that the primary metaphor, change is motion, is central to metaphorical motion\u0000 is confirmed, and we further examine sorts of target domains that are structured by spatial motion, the corresponding mappings in\u0000 metaphors of entity-location pairs and orientational metaphors. Moreover, we explore how systematicity and complexity have\u0000 structured the whole system. Through systematicity, coherence between different mappings and within one mapping are analyzed, and\u0000 two concepts of “event” – event in “event-structure concepts” and in “motion event frame” are observed and are shown to be\u0000 interrelated. By means of complexity, the specific issue of entity-location duality in metaphorical motion is\u0000 discussed, and experiential bases – including physical, social and cultural basis for metaphorical motion is also considered.","PeriodicalId":127458,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Linguistic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131250835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The time of human thoughts and deeds","authors":"G. Hovhannisyan","doi":"10.1075/COGLS.00027.HOV","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/COGLS.00027.HOV","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A mysterious part of our physical and psychological models of the world is Time. Its cognitive representation has evolved from\u0000 Mythology through Literature to Physics. In ancient times, it was Kala of the Indo-Europeans, Chronos of the Greek gods, and the\u0000 Kirke of Odyssey whose world could make heroes forget about anything. Then came Renaissance, the gradual awakening of the Time of\u0000 Soul, the swing of philosophical mind between material and ideal worlds, its acceleration to the Relativity of Einstein, and the\u0000 recent collapse on the Quantum Theory and to new biocentric passages. Shakespeare’s world of human mind and characters is so\u0000 diverse and opulent, that anyone can find and emulate natural and supernatural phenomena in it, getting food for philosophical,\u0000 psychological contemplation and even ideas for quantum-physical speculations. The truth is that Time molds the world of matter with\u0000 the subjective world of human dreams and deeds.","PeriodicalId":127458,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Linguistic Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116287648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Foodsemic metaphors of love in Gĩkũyũ: Insights from cognitive semantics","authors":"Moses Gatambũki Gathigia, D. Orwenjo, R. Ndung’u","doi":"10.1075/COGLS.00024.GAT","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/COGLS.00024.GAT","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, this study discusses the transfer of semantic aspects of foodsemic metaphors upon the\u0000 abstraction of love. An interview schedule was administered to 48 respondents of different gender by the researchers assisted by\u0000 two research assistants. The data collected were subjected to the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU). 12\u0000 foodsemic metaphors which play an indispensable role in the understanding of love in Gĩkũyũ were identified. In addition, the\u0000 study noted that gender is a dominant variable that provides people with lens through which they view love in Gĩkũyũ. This study\u0000 concludes that metaphor is an integral component of the way people conceptualize and embody love in Gĩkũyũ. Further, foodsemic\u0000 metaphors provide a way of understanding the nexus between gender and love in Gĩkũyũ.","PeriodicalId":127458,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Linguistic Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128093832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The kaleidoscope of divine images","authors":"Wennie Huang, Wen-Yu Chiang","doi":"10.1075/COGLS.00017.HUA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/COGLS.00017.HUA","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Compared to metaphors about God in the Bible, those in other Christian contexts seem to receive little academic attention. To bridge this gap, this study examines metaphors gathered from gospel songs on Billboard and iTunes to analyze the abstract concept of God from a cognitive linguistic viewpoint through extending the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Our findings indicate that while diverse kinds of metaphors focus on the multi-dimensionality of God such as his characteristics (e.g., GOD IS A MAGICIAN and GOD IS A LOVER), outline (e.g., GOD IS A CONTAINER and GOD IS LIQUID), and supreme status (e.g., GOD IS HIGH), structural metaphors tend to represent the overwhelming majority and thus form the basis for the structural-metaphor-dominant phenomenon. In addition, the flawless figure of God is suggested to result from the PERFECTION image schema which is responsible for hidden aspects in related metaphorical structures. Furthermore, metaphors about divine images, having their mapping details enriched by biblical context, are suggested to possess recessive metaphor inheritance. Finally, the rhythm of ‘chain of metaphors’ is proposed to interpret how the spirit of the songs about the divine being are brought out. This study sheds light on our overall understanding of the concepts of God in Christian culture, and contributes to the development of interdisciplinary studies concerning metaphor, religion, cognition, and culture.","PeriodicalId":127458,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Linguistic Studies","volume":"125 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126364392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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