Zhenye Li, Gregory J. Woodhead, A. Rouse, Robert Klein, M. C. Larson, A. Gmitro
{"title":"Multispectral confocal endomicroscopy in lung biopsy guidance","authors":"Zhenye Li, Gregory J. Woodhead, A. Rouse, Robert Klein, M. C. Larson, A. Gmitro","doi":"10.1117/1.JOM.3.1.011002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JOM.3.1.011002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. There is a critical need for a technology that can assist doctors in more accurately evaluating lung nodules at the time of biopsy. To address this need, a multispectral fluorescence line-scan confocal endomicroscope was developed that employs a fiber bundle probe to image tissue at the distal tip of the biopsy introducer needle. The multispectral nature of the instrument allows the simultaneous use of multiple FDA-approved dyes that stain different cellular/tissue compartments in different spectral regions to distinguish between lung cancer and benign conditions of the lung. The imaging system has been used to image normal rat lung as well as ex vivo human core-biopsy lung tissue.","PeriodicalId":127363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Microsystems","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130530029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of endomicroscopic imaging with coherent manipulation of light through an ultrathin probe","authors":"Jaeyeon Oh, C. Lee, Gookho Song, Mooseok Jang","doi":"10.1117/1.JOM.3.1.011004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JOM.3.1.011004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Endomicroscopy is a technique to visualize microscopic structures of internal tissues through tubular instruments that can be inserted through a small cut or an opening in the body. There has been a growing demand for miniaturizing endoscopic instruments while preserving a high resolution to achieve a real-time histopathologic diagnosis. Meanwhile, there has recently been tremendous progress in the coherent manipulation of light in which an optical wave is deterministically manipulated through a linear, disordered medium for optical focusing and imaging. Here, we review recent research efforts in developing new endomicroscopic imaging schemes based on the coherent formulation and manipulation of optical fibers. In contrast to the conventional schemes using optical fibers as incoherent channels for optical power, these approaches provide a route to fully exploiting useful information transmitted through an ultrathin probe, thereby potentially achieving practical endomicroscopic imaging through a submillimeter thick probe.","PeriodicalId":127363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Microsystems","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126605513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical microsystems for disease diagnosis: an interview with Guillermo Tearney","authors":"H. Leung","doi":"10.1117/1.jom.2.4.040401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jom.2.4.040401","url":null,"abstract":". JOM Associate Editor Dr. Hui Min Leung of Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital interviews Dr. Guillermo (Gary) Tearney, the Remondi Family Endowed MGH Research Institute Chair, Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School, and an Affiliated Faculty member of the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology. He maintains a lab at the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital. With the use of advanced endomicroscopy technologies, Tearney ’ s lab performs development and clinical validation of non-invasive, high-resolution optical imaging methods for human disease diagnosis. Through this interview, he described how he got into the field and how important and relevant optical microsystems are to those research projects. He also gave his thoughts on the future of the field and the grand challenges that remain to be tackled. [DOI: 10.1117/1.JOM.2.4.040401]","PeriodicalId":127363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Microsystems","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134010659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microsphere assistance in interference microscopy with high numerical aperture objective lenses","authors":"Lucie Hüser, T. Pahl, M. Künne, P. Lehmann","doi":"10.1117/1.JOM.2.4.044501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JOM.2.4.044501","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Various attempts have been discussed to overcome the lateral resolution limit and thus to enlarge the fields of application of optical interference microscopy. Microsphere-assisted microscopy and interferometry have proven that the imaging of structures well below Abbe’s resolution limit through near-field assistance is possible if microspheres are placed on the measured surface and utilized as near-field assisting imaging elements. The enhancement of the numerical aperture (NA) by the microspheres as well as photonic nanojets was identified to explain the resolution enhancement, but also whispering gallery modes and evanescent waves are assumed to have an influence. Up to now, to the best of our knowledge, there is no complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms and no model enabling to examine ideal imaging parameters. This contribution is intended to clarify how much the lateral resolution of an already highly resolving Linnik interferometer equipped with 100 × NA 0.9 objective lenses can be further improved by microspheres. Our simulation model developed so far is based on rigorous near-field calculations combined with the diffraction-limited illumination and imaging process in an interference microscope. Here, we extend the model with respect to microsphere-assisted interference microscopy providing a rigorous simulation of the scattered electric field directly above the sphere. Simulation and experimental results will be compared in the three-dimensional spatial frequency domain and discussed in context with ray-tracing computations to achieve an in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanism of resolution enhancement by the microsphere.","PeriodicalId":127363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Microsystems","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131485900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low-loss three-dimensional printed ridge waveguides using stereolithography","authors":"Helio Ramollari, P. Measor","doi":"10.1117/1.JOM.2.4.043501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JOM.2.4.043501","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Ridge waveguides were three-dimensional printed using a stereolithography printer and hydrogel resin formulation. The ridge waveguides were 13, 20, and 30 μm wide, 3 to 6 μm high, and 4.4 mm long. The loss of the waveguides was measured using the cutback method and ranged between 0.28 and 1.2 cm − 1 (or 1.2 and 5.2 dB / cm) with transmittances up to 0.94 (0.27 dB coupling loss) using 635 nm light. Our work demonstrates a quick and inexpensive method to fabricate integrated photonic chips with the promise to fabricate more complex photonic devices and systems.","PeriodicalId":127363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Microsystems","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122883194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sattari, A. Takabayashi, Pierre Edinger, P. Verheyen, K. Gylfason, W. Bogaerts, N. Quack
{"title":"Silicon photonic microelectromechanical systems add-drop ring resonator in a foundry process","authors":"H. Sattari, A. Takabayashi, Pierre Edinger, P. Verheyen, K. Gylfason, W. Bogaerts, N. Quack","doi":"10.1117/1.JOM.2.4.044001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JOM.2.4.044001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Photonic add-drop filters are crucial components for the implementation of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) in fiber-optic communication systems. The recent progress in photonic integration has shown the potential to integrate photonic add-drop filters alongside high-performance photonic building blocks on a chip to construct compact and complex photonic-integrated circuits for WDM. Typically, implementations are based on micro-ring resonators with integrated heaters or free carrier dispersion-based modulators to adjust the filter wavelength. However, heaters suffer from high power consumption, and free carriers result in optical absorption losses, limiting the scalability toward very-large-scale circuits. We demonstrate the design, simulation, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a compact add-drop filter based on a vertically movable, MEMS-actuated ring resonator. The MEMS-actuated add-drop filter is implemented in IMEC’s iSiPP50G silicon photonics platform and realized using a short post-processing flow to safely release the suspended MEMS structures in a wafer-level compatible process. The filter exhibits a through port linewidth of ∼1 nm (124.37 GHz) at 1557.1 nm, and it retains a port extinction of 20 dB and a port isolation of >50 dB under 27 V of actuation voltage. The combination of low-power consumption and a compact footprint demonstrates the suitability for very-large-scale integration in photonic circuits.","PeriodicalId":127363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Microsystems","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129282666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Severin Schweiger, Tim Schulze, S. Schlipf, P. Reinig, H. Schenk
{"title":"Characterization of two-photon-polymerization lithography structures via Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation","authors":"Severin Schweiger, Tim Schulze, S. Schlipf, P. Reinig, H. Schenk","doi":"10.1117/1.JOM.2.3.033501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JOM.2.3.033501","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Additive manufacturing using two-photon polymerization (TPP) lithography is increasingly used in industry and research. Parameter sweeps of cuboid structures fabricated using TPP lithography were investigated across the parameters of the laser power and scan speed to find dependent mechanical material properties. The employed photoresists were examined using Raman spectroscopy to find the degree of conversion (DC) of monomer to polymer, and subsequently, micro- or nanoindentation was used to find Young’s modulus (E). For the photoresist IP-Dip, the attained DC and E ranged from 20% to 45% and 1 to 2.1 GPa, respectively. The results were compared with reports found in the literature. For IP-Q, the attained DC and E ranged from 53% to 80% and 0.5 to 1.3 GPa, respectively. The characterized properties of IP-Q manifest as the current state of knowledge of the material.","PeriodicalId":127363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Microsystems","volume":"273 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122758177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Critical analysis of in-plane free-space light beam coupling using photonic curved micromirrors","authors":"Y. Sabry, M. Erfan, D. Khalil, T. Bourouina","doi":"10.1117/1.JOM.2.3.034001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JOM.2.3.034001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Free-space coupling of Gaussian light beams using flat and curved photonic microelectromechanical systems mirrors was analyzed in detail. The theoretical background and the non-ideal effects, such as limited micromirror extent, asymmetry in the curvature of spherical micromirrors, misaligned axes, and micromirror surface irregularities, were analyzed. The derived formulas were used to study and compare theoretically and experimentally the behavior of flat (one-dimensional), cylindrical (two-dimensional), and spherical (three-dimensional) micromirrors. The analysis focused on the regime of dimensions in which the curved micromirrors radius of curvature is comparable to the incident beam Rayleigh range, also corresponding to a reference spot size. A transfer matrix-based field and power coupling coefficients were derived for general micro-optical systems accounting for different matrix parameters in the tangential and sagittal planes of the microsystem taking into account the possible non-idealities. The results were presented in terms of normalized quantities such that the findings are general and can be applied to different situations. In addition, silicon micromirrors were fabricated with controlled shapes and used to experimentally analyze the coupling efficiency at the visible and near-infrared wavelengths.","PeriodicalId":127363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Microsystems","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114281757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kisoo Kim, Kyung-Won Jang, Hyun-Kyung Kim, Sue Bean Cho, Ki-Hun Jeong
{"title":"Biologically inspired intraoral camera for multifunctional dental imaging","authors":"Kisoo Kim, Kyung-Won Jang, Hyun-Kyung Kim, Sue Bean Cho, Ki-Hun Jeong","doi":"10.1117/1.JOM.2.3.031202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JOM.2.3.031202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Biological vision offers intriguing inspiration for functional features in imaging systems with small form factors. We report biologically inspired intraoral camera (BIOC) for assorted dental imaging. This fully packaged BIOC features a convex-concave lens, inverted microlens arrays (iMLAs), LED module, and a single CMOS image sensor on a flexible printed circuit board in a handpiece holder. The iMLAs also collect light from wide angles by mounting the convex-concave lens to increase the viewing angle. The clinical trials have been successfully conducted for real-time and multifunctional intraoral monitoring of human teeth, including infinite depth of field, close-up, wide field-of-view, three-dimensional, and autofluorescence imaging. This biomedical camera provides insights for functional imaging not only in dental applications but also in surgical robots and endoscopy applications.","PeriodicalId":127363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Microsystems","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133878130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compact zooming optical systems for panoramic and telescopic applications based on curved image sensor","authors":"Do Hyeon Kim, Gil Ju Lee, Y. Song","doi":"10.1117/1.JOM.2.3.031204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JOM.2.3.031204","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Biological eyes in nature have strongly inspired novel optical systems. In this regard, imaging systems mimicking fish eyes and human eyes have been reported for having a wide field-of-view (FoV) and relatively higher magnification properties, respectively. However, most of these systems have complex lens configurations because of their flat image sensors. As these optical systems are bulky, heavy, and expensive, they have limited application in small devices (e.g., drones and mobile phones). In addition to a simplistic design, multi-functionality is essential for broad applications. Therefore, this study proposes a compact zooming optical system (CZOS) that combines the properties of natural vision systems (i.e., human and fish eyes) using a curved focal plane. The CZOS controls the zoom range through the modification of the distances between the single front lens (i.e., negative meniscus) and dual rear lens (i.e., bi-convex/positive meniscus lenses) groups. In the proposed system, the panoramic mode had an FoV of 200 deg and a magnification of 0.23, whereas the conversion of the system to the high magnification mode increased the magnification over two times with an FoV of 70 deg. These promising results demonstrate that the proposed simple imaging system is applicable to small-scale electronics.","PeriodicalId":127363,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Microsystems","volume":"45 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129388462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}