{"title":"Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based Planar Inductor Evaluation and Optimization","authors":"Xiaoyan Liu, Mengxuan Wei, Maohang Qiu, Shuai Yang, Dong Cao, X. Lyu, Yanchao Li","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773675","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic component as one of the most lossy and bulky components in power electronic converters has been researched on optimization through calculation, experimental and FEM simulation. However, the traditional methods are normally time-consuming or inaccurate. A novel method that combined FEM simulation and convolutional neural network (CNN) is discussed in this paper, which can predict the inductance and core loss efficiently and accurately. Experimental result shows the accuracy of CNN prediction. Based on the CNN inductor inductance and loss prediction, a novel optimization method is presented which can comprehensively and quickly provide the optimization result considering power loss and power density.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128267990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikolas Förster, Philipp Rehlaender, O. Wallscheid, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker
{"title":"An Open-Source Transistor Database and Toolbox as a Unified Software Engineering Tool for Managing and Evaluating Power Transistors","authors":"Nikolas Förster, Philipp Rehlaender, O. Wallscheid, F. Schafmeister, J. Böcker","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773701","url":null,"abstract":"To develop highly efficient converters, the selection of suitable power transistors for a specific application is one of the most crucial tasks in the development of power electronics. Diverse, non-standardized PDF datasheets make it difficult to compare transistors and parameterize them adequately in a simulation program. Overall, this is a very time-consuming task. To introduce a standardized framework for digitizing, comparing and exporting transistor data, this paper proposes an open-source transistor toolbox where transistor datasheets can be imported in a guided, standardized object-orientated format. The imported transistor data is stored in a central database offering the possibility to add further measurement data (such as double-pulse switching loss measurements) to the transistor object. For versatile usabilit, the data can be exported to common development tools (Matlab/Octave, PLECS, Simulink, GeckoCIRCUITS). Finally, a built-in comparison tool offers an easy and quick method to benchmark power transistors.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129444885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"300A Single-stage 48V Voltage Regulator with Multiphase Current Doubler Rectifier and Integrated Transformer","authors":"Xin Lou, Qiang Li","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773419","url":null,"abstract":"High-current, high-power-density 48V voltage regulator modules (VRMs) are critical for 48V data center power architecture. In the paper, a single-stage 48V converter with multiphase current doubler rectifiers is proposed for CPUs in data center applications. The magnetizing inductors of the matrix transformer are used as the output inductors of the multiphase current doubler rectifier. A magnetic integration structure for the matrix transformer is proposed and optimized, which creates negative coupling between multiphase current doubler rectifiers. With GaN devices as primary side devices and low voltage silicon devices as secondary synchronous rectifiers (SRs), the proposed converter can achieve high efficiency and high power density. A 48/1.8V 300A converter is designed, which can reach an estimated peak efficiency of 93% and a power density of 1.9 kW/in3.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130575791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-variable Control-based Conduction Loss Optimization in Dual Active Bridge Converter Considering Generalized Harmonic Approximation Oriented Steady-State Model","authors":"Saikat Dey, Ayan Mallik","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773377","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates a novel frequency domain general harmonic approximation (GHA) based steady state modeling technique of the dual active bridge (DAB) converter. This proposed model is employed to simplify the mathematical formulation of the instantaneous as well as RMS currents of the converter, critically accountable for the system switching and conduction losses. Also, all the possible phase shift control methods, including single, dual, and triple phase shift modulations are rigorously studied and investigated in order to provide a generic and detailed insight on the applicability and benefits of using them on a wide range of gain and load demand while ensuring minimized conduction losses. A 400W proof-of-concept of DAB DC-DC converter has been developed to validate and establish the proposed frequency domain model-based theoretical analysis and claims. While the converter has a fixed input DC bus voltage of 160V, the output load power is varied within a range of 50W to 400W with a large swing in output voltage level, i.e., from 90V to 150V. With the implementation of the proposed optimal triple phase shift (TPS) control at extreme gain conditions, the experimental results show a system efficiency increment of 3.5% and 2.2 % compared to the conventional single-phase shift (SPS) modulation technique at 90V, 50W and 150V, 200W outputs, respectively.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131183989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Voltage Balancing Feature and Output Regulation in a Multi-Mode Inverter/Rectifier Leg","authors":"Reza Emamalipour, J. Lam","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773437","url":null,"abstract":"Output voltage regulation for different loading conditions while simultaneously addressing the unbalanced voltage distribution over the link capacitors stays one of challenges in the design of bidirectional converters. This paper proposes a comprehensive control scheme with different modes of operation to regulate the output voltage in a bidirectional DC/DC converter that employs a multi-mode stacked-switches inverter/rectifier leg while simultaneously providing voltage balancing across all the DC-link capacitors. With built-in circuit redundancy and using a hybrid control, the gain range is widely extended for various loading conditions with limited switching frequency range while the voltage stress over the DC-link capacitors is equally distributed. Results are provided on a 400VDC to 600VDC, 1kW bidirectional converter.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130348840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. T. Buyukdegirmenci, Omer F. Kozarva, Ozgur C. Milletsever, A. Hava
{"title":"Design Trade-offs and Considerations for Improving the PCB Current Carrying Capacity in High Power Density Power Electronics Applications","authors":"V. T. Buyukdegirmenci, Omer F. Kozarva, Ozgur C. Milletsever, A. Hava","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773486","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates printed circuit board (PCB) design trade-offs and considerations to maximize the current carrying capacity of traces in PCB-based power electronics applications. Many existing designs rely on methodologies through empirical data presented by the outdated IPC-2152 standard. A design methodology to maximize the utilized PCB area and improve thermal performance is introduced. To assess this methodology, lumped parameter (LP) and finite element (FE) models are developed and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out. Thermal via placement strategies are investigated and maximum allowable power dissipation on the PCB traces is calculated. Simulations and analyses are experimentally validated on a PCB-based 100kW three-phase three-level inverter. The that results show that the thermal and electrical models discussed in this paper have superior accuracy compared to traditional formulations.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129387728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bokang Zhou, Yuchen He, Yuntao Zou, Yuan Li, F. Peng
{"title":"An Inner-Loop Control Method for the Filter-less, Voltage Sensor-less, and PLL-less Grid-Following Inverter-Based Resource","authors":"Bokang Zhou, Yuchen He, Yuntao Zou, Yuan Li, F. Peng","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773557","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an inner-loop control method for the filter-less, voltage sensor-less, and PLL-less inverter-based resource (IBR) under grid-following operation mode. The innovative concepts of the proposed control structure incorporate the removal of the voltage sensors at the point of common coupling (PCC), the removal of the inverter output filter or interface inductance, and the removal of the traditional phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits. Furthermore, the virtual impedance control is applied to compensate for the inverter voltage reference change due to the removal of the interface inductance. With the proposed control method, the physical interface inductor and the bulky high-voltage sensors can be offloaded, but the inverter can still synchronize with the grid and respond to the control command with fast speed and small steady state error.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129881343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DC Bus Second Harmonic LC Filter with Solid-State Tuning Restorer","authors":"Anwesha Mukhopadhyay, V. John","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773433","url":null,"abstract":"Second harmonic filters are essential for the operation of single-phase converters. The presence of second harmonic ripple not only worsens the converter performance but also causes premature failure of DC bus circuit components. Though LC-tuned filters are well adopted as second harmonic filters due to their cost, reliability, and performance, their efficacy deteriorates when grid frequency or filter parameters deviate. On the other hand, active filters offer consistent and superior filtering performance at the cost of additional switches, usually of rating comparable to those of the main converters. Also, the main converter functions satisfactorily as long as the added switches are functional. The above concerns are addressed by the proposed filter configuration. It employs an auxiliary converter that enhances the performance of LC-tuned filter while using switches of much lower ratings. Moreover, the failure or nonavailability of the auxiliary converter does not completely disrupt the operation of the main converter. The performance of the proposed filter is verified in an experimental prototype which shows effective second harmonic filtering.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124967339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammadreza Hazrati Karkaragh, Morteza Esteki, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, S. A. Khajehoddin
{"title":"A High-frequency Compact Zero-Voltage-Transition GaN-based Single-phase Inverter","authors":"Mohammadreza Hazrati Karkaragh, Morteza Esteki, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, S. A. Khajehoddin","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773583","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a high-efficiency soft-switching GaN-based single-phase inverter composed of a full-bridge DC-AC inverter and an auxiliary circuit. The auxiliary circuit incorporates two active switches and an inductor coupled with the filter inductor. The auxiliary circuit does not add any components in the main power path, and no isolated gate driver is needed. Besides, using a coupled-inductor in the auxiliary circuit reduces the voltage stress on the switches and enables the utilization of GaN switches. Moreover, a variable-timing method controls the auxiliary circuit and reduces the conduction losses in the auxiliary switches. As a result, the efficiency and power density are improved. The proposed inverter is analyzed, and experimental results of a 200kHz, 500W prototype converter are reported.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128503848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Javad Khodabakhsh, E. Mohammadi, A. Abosnina, G. Moschopoulos
{"title":"A Single-Stage Converter for Integration of Induction Wind Energy Conversion Systems into Multilevel Stand-Alone DC Nanogrids","authors":"Javad Khodabakhsh, E. Mohammadi, A. Abosnina, G. Moschopoulos","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773465","url":null,"abstract":"Multilevel DC nanogrids (DC-NGs) are a viable solution for small-scale stand-alone energy systems, especially in remote areas. They can be powered by wind energy cheaply and safely and thus increase the availably of energy in areas with limited solar irradiance. Among different options for energy conversion, induction machines can be used as generators for wind energy conversion as they are low-cost, reliable, and almost maintenance-free, but the cost and complexity of power electronic converters have limited this approach to low-power applications. This paper proposes a compact single-stage converter that has only six switches, can provide all the control functions for a self-excited induction generator (SEIG), and can interface the SEIG to two isolated DC systems. Moreover, the converter can integrate a small backup battery for the black-start of the SEIG. In this paper, the converter's feasibility is confirmed with experimental results from a scaled-down prototype converter, and the overall performance of the wind energy conversion system is studied in MATLAB/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122162470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}