2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Active EMI Filter with Switch-Mode Amplifier for High Efficiency 带高效率开关模式放大器的有源EMI滤波器
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773582
Duy T. Nguyen, Elijah Macias, Alex J. Hanson
{"title":"Active EMI Filter with Switch-Mode Amplifier for High Efficiency","authors":"Duy T. Nguyen, Elijah Macias, Alex J. Hanson","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773582","url":null,"abstract":"Power converters often require EMI filtering which usually involves bulky passive components. Active EMI filters (AEF) can reduce size but incur heavy losses in their linear amplifiers when designed to filter large ripple currents. Here we develop an active EMI filter with a switch-mode amplifier for reduced size and low loss penalty. The switching amplifier of the proposed AEF operates at 31 MHz to keep its own EMI out of the regulated EMI range. We further use fractional-order filtering in the compensation loop to achieve high loop gain and thus high current attenuation. We design the proposed AEF for a boundary conduction mode (BCM) boost converter operated at 150 kHz; we present simulation and experimental results which show 30 dB attenuation from the active circuit at the boost fundamental frequency while consuming only 1 W for 120 W output power. The proposed AEF is compared to a passive LC filter for the same application and is shown to have 8 times smaller volume than the size-optimized LC filter.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127131997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Magnetic Integration of Four-Transformer Matrix with High Controllable Leakage Inductance using a Five-Leg Magnetic 高可控漏感四变压器矩阵的五脚磁集成
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773575
Ahmed Nabih, Qiang Li, F. Lee
{"title":"Magnetic Integration of Four-Transformer Matrix with High Controllable Leakage Inductance using a Five-Leg Magnetic","authors":"Ahmed Nabih, Qiang Li, F. Lee","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773575","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, resonant DC-DC converters have been deployed in many fields such as information and communications technology (ICT) and with electric vehicles (EVs) due to their improved efficiency, density, and reliability. With the introduction of wide-bandgap (WBG) devices coupled with the soft-switching feature, switching frequencies can be extended beyond mega-hertz. However, the design of the magnetic components (trans-former and inductor) becomes more challenging to accommodate for high efficiency, high power density, and lower cost. This paper leverages the printed circuit board (PCB) to integrate a matrix of four transformers plus a resonant inductor in a novel five-leg magnetic core structure. The proposed design allows controllable leakage inductance for the matrix transformer within the footprint of the original matrix transformer, which offers excellent power density for the magnetics. The proposed structure is used to implement a regulated CLL resonant con-verter. The magnetic concept is demonstrated on 3kW 400V/48V CLL converter addresses for the data center applications. The converter achieves a power density of 550W/in3 and a peak efficiency of 97.3%.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127132201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Multiport Resonant DC-DC Converter using Actively-Controlled Inductors for Hybrid Energy Storage System Integration 基于主动控制电感的多端口谐振DC-DC变换器用于混合储能系统集成
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773497
Thiago A. Pereira, Y. Pascal, M. Liserre, Yuqi Wei, H. Mantooth
{"title":"Multiport Resonant DC-DC Converter using Actively-Controlled Inductors for Hybrid Energy Storage System Integration","authors":"Thiago A. Pereira, Y. Pascal, M. Liserre, Yuqi Wei, H. Mantooth","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773497","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of heavy-duty electric vehicles and charging infrastructure, the energy sources are susceptible to transients with different amplitudes and dynamics. Energy storage systems (ESSs) must be designed by a trade-off between specific response time and energy density, because one single energy source is insufficient to supply such a high power system. Integrating ESSs with different capabilities, such as fuel-cell, battery, and supercapacitors, as a single energy source is required. In this context, a resonant multiwinding transformer-based (MTB) converter can be used to efficiently interconnect these different ESSs to the load, since the resonant converters are able to operate at a high switching frequency and hence enable high bandwidth control. However, due to the multiple resonant circuits and possible parameter deviations, the control capability might be compromised. Thus, a multiport resonant dc-dc converter embedded with variable inductors is proposed to enhance the power flow management among these different ESSs with reduced conversion stages. Further, the proposed concept can also improve the immunity to parameter deviations on the resonant by compensating the resonant frequency. Finally, simulations and experimental results of a 4-port resonant dc-dc converter embedded with variable inductors are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127161178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A Comprehensive Analysis of Current Spikes in a Split-Phase Inverter 分相逆变器电流尖峰的综合分析
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773407
A. Mirza, A. Emon, Sama Salehi Vala, F. Luo
{"title":"A Comprehensive Analysis of Current Spikes in a Split-Phase Inverter","authors":"A. Mirza, A. Emon, Sama Salehi Vala, F. Luo","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773407","url":null,"abstract":"Compared with a conventional two-level inverter, split-phase inverter decouples the top and bottom switches and antiparallel diodes in a phase leg through addition of split inductors. These split inductors prevent current shoot-through with zero deadtime operation, which lowers the distortion in the output waveforms and makes this topology ideal for fast-switching devices such as SiC or GaN. Further, decoupling between top and bottom device's output capacitance also results in lower overall switching loss and improves Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) performance. However, the split inductors experience current spikes during switching transition, which can lead to significant core loss. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of current spikes in a split phase inverter with SPWM, characterized by the load power factor (PF). The proposed model can be used to optimize the size of split inductor. At first, the circuit of a single phase-leg with split inductors, is analyzed and a mathematical model for spike current estimation is proposed. The proposed model is verified on a SiC-based hardware prototype switching at 72 kHz. It is shown that the spike amplitude depends on the load PF as well as on the values of the split inductors and parasitic capacitances of the power semiconductors. Lastly, the proposed model is extended to the three-phase configuration.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127218375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Analysis of Current Resonances due to Winding Parasitic Capacitances in Medium-Voltage Medium-Frequency Transformers 中压中频变压器绕组寄生电容引起的电流共振分析
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773427
R. Jimenez, G. Oggier, D. P. Fernandez, J. Balda
{"title":"Analysis of Current Resonances due to Winding Parasitic Capacitances in Medium-Voltage Medium-Frequency Transformers","authors":"R. Jimenez, G. Oggier, D. P. Fernandez, J. Balda","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773427","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the analysis of the current resonances on medium-voltage, medium-frequency transformers due to the parasitic capacitances of the windings. Converter performance is affected by these high-frequency current resonances; therefore, the winding arrangement of high-voltage high-turns ratio transformers must be carefully considered during the building process. Three different windings arrangements are built for a 5-kV-to-400-V, 10-kHz transformer for a high-power dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter. Open-circuit and short-circuit impedance response of the three windings are compared. Experimental results include open-circuit test on each of the three different winding arrangements and a 10 kW load test to illustrate the effect of the parasitic capacitances.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124078493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Overvoltage Ruggedness and Dynamic Breakdown Voltage of P-Gate GaN HEMTs in High-Frequency Switching up to Megahertz p栅极氮化镓hemt在兆赫以下高频开关中的过电压耐用性和动态击穿电压
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773713
Ruizhe Zhang, Q. Song, Qiang Li, Yuhao Zhang
{"title":"Overvoltage Ruggedness and Dynamic Breakdown Voltage of P-Gate GaN HEMTs in High-Frequency Switching up to Megahertz","authors":"Ruizhe Zhang, Q. Song, Qiang Li, Yuhao Zhang","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773713","url":null,"abstract":"Surge-energy and overvoltage ruggedness of power devices are desired in many power applications. For the GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT), a device without avalanche capability, its surge-energy and overvoltage ruggedness are both determined by its transient breakdown voltage (BV), which was recently found to be dynamic (i.e., time- and frequency-dependent). However, the switching frequency ($F_{text{SW}}$) in previous overvoltage studies is only a few kilohertz. This work, for the first time, developed a testbed for high-voltage GaN HEMTs enabling continuous overvoltage switching with a Fsw up to 1 MHz. Two types of 600/650-V commercial p-gate GaN HEMTs were tested under 1 MHz overvoltage switching. Both of them showed good ruggedness. The gate injection transistor showed a nearly $F_{text{SW}}$-independent dynamic BV, while the Schottky-type p-gate GaN HEMT showed a decreasing dynamic BV at higher $F_{text{SW}}$, e.g., 270-V lower when Fsw increases from 2 kHz to 1 MHz. These behaviors were explained by the buffer trapping/de-trapping in two types of GaN HEMTs and were validated via TCAD simulation. This work unveils the true overvoltage margin of GaN HEMTs in high-frequency converters.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121494680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Voltage Balancing Feature and Output Regulation in a Multi-Mode Inverter/Rectifier Leg 多模逆变/整流腿的电压平衡特性和输出调节
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773437
Reza Emamalipour, J. Lam
{"title":"Voltage Balancing Feature and Output Regulation in a Multi-Mode Inverter/Rectifier Leg","authors":"Reza Emamalipour, J. Lam","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773437","url":null,"abstract":"Output voltage regulation for different loading conditions while simultaneously addressing the unbalanced voltage distribution over the link capacitors stays one of challenges in the design of bidirectional converters. This paper proposes a comprehensive control scheme with different modes of operation to regulate the output voltage in a bidirectional DC/DC converter that employs a multi-mode stacked-switches inverter/rectifier leg while simultaneously providing voltage balancing across all the DC-link capacitors. With built-in circuit redundancy and using a hybrid control, the gain range is widely extended for various loading conditions with limited switching frequency range while the voltage stress over the DC-link capacitors is equally distributed. Results are provided on a 400VDC to 600VDC, 1kW bidirectional converter.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130348840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and Implementation of a (Flying) Flying Capacitor Multilevel Converter 一种飞电容多电平变换器的设计与实现
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773635
Samantha Coday, N. Ellis, Nicole Stokowski, R. Pilawa-Podgurski
{"title":"Design and Implementation of a (Flying) Flying Capacitor Multilevel Converter","authors":"Samantha Coday, N. Ellis, Nicole Stokowski, R. Pilawa-Podgurski","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773635","url":null,"abstract":"Multilevel switched-capacitor converters, such as the flying capacitor multilevel (FCML) converter, offer high energy density and efficiency, over a wide voltage range, making them suitable for applications in electrified aircraft. However, concerns of reliability due to the increased number of active and passive components have limited use of high-level count converters in aircraft applications. This work addresses the challenges of designing a reliable high-level count converter through careful component selection and design techniques. Finally, this work demonstrates a robust design that successfully passes flight qualification standards, including thermal, shock and vibration.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116636988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Vertical Stacked 48V-1V LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator with 1A/mm2 Current Density 垂直堆叠48V-1V LEGO-PoL CPU稳压器与1A/mm2电流密度
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773677
Youssef Elasser, J. Baek, K. Radhakrishnan, H. Gan, J. Douglas, H. Krishnamurthy, Xin Li, Shuai Jiang, C. Sullivan, Minjie Chen
{"title":"Vertical Stacked 48V-1V LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator with 1A/mm2 Current Density","authors":"Youssef Elasser, J. Baek, K. Radhakrishnan, H. Gan, J. Douglas, H. Krishnamurthy, Xin Li, Shuai Jiang, C. Sullivan, Minjie Chen","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773677","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a 48 V–1 V merged-two-stage hybrid-switched-capacitor voltage regulator with a Linear Extendable Group Operated Point-of-Load (LEGO-PoL) architecture for high-current microprocessors, featuring vertical stacked packaging and coupled inductors. The architecture is highly modular and scalable. The switched-capacitor circuits are connected in series on the input side to split the high input voltage into multiple stacked voltage domains. The multiphase buck circuits are connected in parallel to distribute the high output current into multiple parallel current paths. A 780 A vertical stacked CPU voltage regulator with a peak efficiency of 91.1% and a full load efficiency of 79.2% at 1 V output voltage with liquid cooling is built and tested. This is the first demonstration of a 48 V–1 V CPU voltage regulator achieving over 1 A/mm2 current density and 1,000 W/in3 power density. The output voltage is regulated between 0.8 V and 1.5 V through the entire 780 A range.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132528892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
A Bidirectional Liquid-Cooled GaN-based AC/DC Flying Capacitor Multi-Level Converter with Integrated Startup and Additively Manufactured Cold-Plate for Electric Vehicle Charging 一种基于液冷氮化镓的交流/直流飞电容多级变换器,集成了启动和增材制造的冷板
2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773520
Kelly Fernandez, Rahul K. Iyer, Ting Ge, Jiarui Zou, Derek Chou, Zitao Liao, V. Agarwal, T. Gebrael, N. Miljkovic, R. Pilawa-Podgurski
{"title":"A Bidirectional Liquid-Cooled GaN-based AC/DC Flying Capacitor Multi-Level Converter with Integrated Startup and Additively Manufactured Cold-Plate for Electric Vehicle Charging","authors":"Kelly Fernandez, Rahul K. Iyer, Ting Ge, Jiarui Zou, Derek Chou, Zitao Liao, V. Agarwal, T. Gebrael, N. Miljkovic, R. Pilawa-Podgurski","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773520","url":null,"abstract":"Level II electric vehicle (EV) on-board chargers provide AC-DC conversion capability in order to charge on-board high-voltage (HV) batteries. Bidirectional EV chargers can allow the EV to also act as an AC source in vehicle-to-grid services. In both charging and inverter applications, it is desirable for chargers to have high power density, high power-handling capability, and low weight. This paper showcases the architecture and control of an optimized bidirectional EV charger system that can convert from both low-line (120 V AC) and high-line (240 V AC) AC voltages to a 400 V DC output. The operation and control of the complete system, thermal management, enhanced power stage design, and start-up procedure are discussed. Experimental results demonstrating DC-AC high power operation and system start-up are reported.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131621759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信